初高中英语衔接-国际音标课件-.ppt

1、前元音前元音 舌前部要向硬颚抬起，舌尖要抵住下齿，舌前部要向硬颚抬起，舌尖要抵住下齿， 口形扁平，不要收圆。口形扁平，不要收圆。 （舌位越来越低）（舌位越来越低）/i:/ 舌前部抬得最高，牙床近乎全合。舌前部抬得最高，牙床近乎全合。 seat / beat / deep / keep / sheep短语短语 keep the seat / eat the meat / three sheep句子句子 Please speak English. Keep it a secret. We eat meat, peas, beans and cheese for meals.前元音前元音 /I/ s

2、it bit kick pick fish wish对比对比 seat-sit / beat-bit / sheep-ship短语短语 a big pig / a bit chilly / little by little句子句子 It isnt difficult. Please finish it quickly.前元音前元音 /e/ pen, ten, best, test, beg, egg对比对比 sit-set / lift-left / did-dead短语短语 get ready / very well / ten desks / twenty beds / the next

3、sentence / my best friend 句子句子 Better late than never. Every little helps.前元音前元音 / / 舌前部最低，牙床开得最大。舌前部最低，牙床开得最大。 cap, map, bad, mad, bank, thank对比对比 beg-bag / met-mat / bed-bad短语短语 a bad cat / a happy man句子句子 A fact is a fact. Thank you for the stamp.后元音后元音 舌后部向软颚抬起，舌尖可以不抵下齿。舌后部向软颚抬起，舌尖可以不抵下齿。 /a:/ （

4、中常唇）（中常唇） （后元音舌位越来越高） art, fast, last, class, glass, Mark短语短语 a large car/ pass the glass / after the party / half past five 句子句子 He laughs best who laughs last. The party stopped at half past five. A large army marched past the farmyard.后元音后元音 / / / / （圆唇）（圆唇） top, shop, hot, lot, lost, song对比对比 ho

5、t-heart / pot-part/God-guard短语短语 cost a lot / got a job / a college concert / a coffee shop / a model hospital句子句子 We want quality rather than quantity.c c后元音后元音 / / / law, saw, talk, walk, cause, horse短语短语 a short story / bought a horse / a quarter to four / almost always 句子句子 My daughter was born

6、in 1944. I saw forty horses. They listened to an important report.: :C C后元音后元音 / u / put, foot, book, cook, should, push短语短语 a good cook / a good book / push and pull / took some sugar句子句子 The bookcase is full of good books. He pushed the bull with his foot.后元音后元音 /u:/ 舌位最高，开口最小。舌位最高，开口最小。 two, do,

7、choose, blue, true, group对比对比 pull-pool, full-fool, look-loose, took-tool, good-goose短语短语 a new school / a blue moon / a group of students句子句子 Choose either shoes or boots. Soon it will be June. The soup is cool. 中元音中元音指发音时要使用舌的中部，也就是说舌的中部指发音时要使用舌的中部，也就是说舌的中部要稍稍抬起，舌尖可以轻抵下齿，口形扁平或要稍稍抬起，舌尖可以轻抵下齿，口形扁平或中

8、常。中常。 / ：/舌位最高，舌位最高，/ / 的舌位最低，的舌位最低， / / 的舌的舌位位介于两者之间，比介于两者之间，比/ : /稍低，比稍低，比/ / 稍高。稍高。A3e e3A中元音中元音 / / : : / / sir, hurt, shirt, bird, word 短语短语 the first term / the German expert / a dirty shirt / workers of the world / a nervous nurse 句子句子 First come, first served. Its the early bird that catches

9、 the worm. 3中元音中元音 / / / / ago, again, about, river, writer短语短语 along the river / a sheet of paper/ a drop of water句子句子 My younger brother is a doctor. Were going to have a get-together after super. e e中元音中元音 / / / / up, cup, such, much, hut短语短语 some money / some honey / a funny couple / just for fu

10、n句子句子 Dont touch the gun. Hurry up, the bus is coming. Every country has its customs. Well begun is half done.A 双元音双元音 发双元音时要从第一个元音向第二个元音滑动。发双元音时要从第一个元音向第二个元音滑动。在滑动过程中，在滑动过程中，口形口形、舌位舌位都有明显的变化。都有明显的变化。 双元音的几个特点：双元音的几个特点：1. 前长后短前长后短; 2. 前重后轻前重后轻;3. 前音清晰，后音模糊。前音清晰，后音模糊。 合口双元音合口双元音，指两个元音中的第二个元音都是，指两个元音中

11、的第二个元音都是合口元音合口元音/I/或或/u/。合口双元音合口双元音 / eI/ say, day, they, date, late, take, game短语短语 May Day / take away / a great change / the railway station句子句子 No pains, no gains. Call a spade a spade. 合口双元音合口双元音 / aI/ tie, die, fight, sight, mind, kind 对比对比 /aI/-/a:/ life-laugh / bike-bark / kite-cart短语短语 my e

12、yes / high time / high in the sky / arrive at five句子句子 Strike while the iron is hot. Great minds think alike. 合口双元音合口双元音 / I I/ boy, joy, voice, choice, join, coin, toy短语短语 boys toys / voice of joy 句子句子 The boy destroyed the toy. They were annoyed by the noise of the boys.C C 合口双元音合口双元音 / u/ go, so,

13、 hope, boat, coat, home, Rome短语短语 go home / dont know / hope so句子句子 Oh, dont go home alone. A rolling stone gathers no moss. e合口双元音合口双元音 /au/ now, mouth, south, sound, found, out, down, town 对比对比 /au/-/ / shout-short house-horse / down-dawn 短语短语 around the house / found a cow / a thousand mountains

14、句子句子 Now write it down. He shouted louder to the crowd.: :c集中双元音集中双元音 （指两个元音中的第二个元音都是中元音指两个元音中的第二个元音都是中元音/ / /） /I / tear, dear, hear, clear, appear短语短语 a clear idea / beer is dear/ a mysterious fear / serious and mysterious 句子句子 Dear, dear, beer is really dear. I fear he cant hear me clearly. ee集中双

15、元音集中双元音 / e / bear, pear, fair, spare, square, affair短语短语 fair hair / their chair / repair the chair 句子句子 Wheres the chair?Be careful when you repair it. e集中双元音集中双元音 / u / poor, tour, sure, pure, fewer短语短语 fewer and fewer / poor but pure句子句子 Are you sure you can cure the poor tourist? They toured th

16、e moor in February.e 28个辅音记忆规则个辅音记忆规则三对爆，三对破，四对摩擦另两个三对爆，三对破，四对摩擦另两个;三个鼻辅，两个半元，一个舌侧。三个鼻辅，两个半元，一个舌侧。爆破音爆破音 /p/ - /b/ pea-bee, park-bark, cap-cab 短语短语 a big park / a big pig / step by step / press the button / push the bike / on the top of the pie / the bottom of the cup 句子句子 Peter and Paul met each ot

17、her in a park. Pingpong is a popular sport and is played in many places.爆破音爆破音 /t/-/ d/ tea-D, two-do, set-said, bet-bed, late-laid, heart-hard短语短语 take the cat/ wait for the dog / cut the bread / paid a visit / heat the food / went on foot句子句子 The trip by train took two hours. Dicks daughter Diana

18、doesnt like dancing. Too many teenagers tend to waste their time watching TV. 爆破音爆破音 /k/ - /g/ pick-pig, back-bag, dock-dog, duck-dug, leak-league短语短语 a big bag / a big cart / a sick dog / a kind guide / take a walk / look for work / kill the duck / good luck to Dick 句子句子 Cut your coat according to

19、your cloth. / All that glitters is not gold. A good beginning makes a good ending.摩擦音摩擦音 1. /f/ - /v/ (唇齿摩擦音唇齿摩擦音) fast-vast, fan-van, few-view, leaf-leave, safe-save, proof-prove, half-halves短语短语 very fast / very fine / few leaves / a lovely figure / save my life句子句子 They met at five on the first d

20、ay of February. / Victor found a valley full of beautiful flowers.2. / / - / / (舌齿摩擦音舌齿摩擦音) thief, theme, thick, teeth, bath, think, thank the, this, that, these, those, clothes短语短语 a thousand thanks / a wealthy brother / further and further / thought and thought / through thick and thin句子句子 Father

21、left mother and wandered abroad with his brother Arthur.3. /s/ - /z/ (舌端齿龈摩擦音舌端齿龈摩擦音) /s/ seat, sit, set, sat, gas, pass /z/ z, zoo, zero, is, has, was, pause短语短语 a soft voice / the same rose / pass the salt / the same house / boys and girls / jeeps and cars句子句子 The sun rises in the east and sets do

22、wn in the west. Sam threw six boxes out of the house.4. /f / - / / (舌端齿龈后部摩擦音舌端齿龈后部摩擦音) sheep, ship, sharp, short, fish, wash measure, pleasure, treasure, garage短语短语 shoot the sheep / show me the ship / wash the fish rushed to the garage / a harsh decision句子句子 She showed me the latest fashion in sho

23、rt shirts.f5. /h/ (声门摩擦音声门摩擦音) hit, hat, hand, hard, have, home短语短语 a hat in hand / hit it hard / hang it high / a huge horse / here is your hat句子句子 How horrible! He has hurt his hand with a heavy hammer.6. /r/ (舌尖齿龈后部摩擦音舌尖齿龈后部摩擦音) (卷舌) read, red, road, right, wrong 短语短语 a rich prince / a crazy drea

24、m / a green truck / practice and progress句子句子 Those red roses are really very pretty. 破擦音破擦音 (共六个，开头是爆破音，结尾是摩擦音共六个，开头是爆破音，结尾是摩擦音) /t /-/d / (舌端齿龈破擦音舌端齿龈破擦音) 第一个成分，即爆破音第一个成分，即爆破音/t, d/由于受到了后面摩由于受到了后面摩擦擦 音音/ , /的影响，发音时舌位靠后，在齿龈较后部的影响，发音时舌位靠后，在齿龈较后部分分 发音。发音。 cheap / chest / chat / chart / each / watch /

25、 touch jeep / jam / John / June / age / urge / jacket /judge1. 短语短语 choose a chair / a cheap jeep / watch the judge / touch the peach / a large church / Johns watch 句子句子 On his journey through the region, James was often in danger. 2. /tr/ - /dr/ （齿龈后部破擦音）（齿龈后部破擦音） /t, d/由于受到了后面摩擦音由于受到了后面摩擦音/r/的影响舌位

26、也要的影响舌位也要靠后，实际发音很像第一对，后面再加上靠后，实际发音很像第一对，后面再加上/r/,分别读作分别读作/tr, dr/。 tree, trick, track, truck, true, try dream, drink, dread, drop, draw短语短语 by train / drive the truck / dry the straw / try the trick / a strange dream / a strong drink 句子句子 Lets follow the track of the truck. I had a strange dream in

27、the train. He treated me to some strong drinks. 3. /ts/ - /dz/ 舌端齿龈破擦音舌端齿龈破擦音/ts/: beats, seats, lets, gets, thats /dz/: reads, beds, cards, words 短语短语 lots and lots / coats and shorts / arts and sports / cards and boards 句子句子 I saw lots and lots of birds and kites. The guards have killed hundreds o

28、f birds and cats. 鼻辅音鼻辅音 /m/ /n/ / / 发鼻辅音时，由于口腔通道被堵住，声音发鼻辅音时，由于口腔通道被堵住，声音 只能从鼻腔发出。只能从鼻腔发出。 gn /m/ 双唇鼻辅音双唇鼻辅音 双唇闭拢，软颚下垂，气流双唇闭拢，软颚下垂，气流 从鼻腔送出，声带振动。发音完闭，双唇仍保持紧闭状态。从鼻腔送出，声带振动。发音完闭，双唇仍保持紧闭状态。 meet, more, mix, move, Tom, warm, harm, lamp短语短语 some men / a warm room / some ham / time for home / Toms lamp句子句

29、子 You make many mistakes in mathematics. Come, come, its time for home. /n/ 舌尖齿龈鼻辅音舌尖齿龈鼻辅音 舌尖抵住上齿龈，形成阻舌尖抵住上齿龈，形成阻 碍，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。发音时双唇始终碍，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。发音时双唇始终微微 微张开。微张开。 need, name, new, noon, can, learn短语短语 a fine needle / a nice tune /nine nights/a friend in need / a new moon句子句子 Do you

30、know where the new knives are? There are nine men standing in a line. / / 舌后软颚鼻辅音舌后软颚鼻辅音 软颚下垂，睹住口腔通软颚下垂，睹住口腔通 道，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动，双唇张开。道，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动，双唇张开。 sing, king, ring, song, among, long短语短语 sing a song / a long string / a strange king / a younger sister / an angry monkey / the English language句子句子

31、I think she lost her ring. Spring brings many charming things. They were singing and shouting, not giving thought to the noise they were making.gn 半元音半元音 /w/ /j/半元音半元音/w/, /j/的舌位和元音的舌位和元音/u:/, /i:/相似，但半元音的发音方法和元音不同。元相似，但半元音的发音方法和元音不同。元音可以单独成音，可以延长。半元音则不能音可以单独成音，可以延长。半元音则不能单独成音，不可延长，必须很快滑向它后面单独成音，不可延

32、长，必须很快滑向它后面的元音，和元音拼合在一起发音。的元音，和元音拼合在一起发音。 /w/ 舌后软颚半元音舌后软颚半元音 舌后部向软颚抬起，舌位高。双唇收小并向前突出，声带振舌后部向软颚抬起，舌位高。双唇收小并向前突出，声带振动。发音短促，发音瞬间即滑向后面的元音。动。发音短促，发音瞬间即滑向后面的元音。week, work, walk, word, world, want对比对比 /v/ - /w/ vet-wet / vest-west / veil-whale / veal-wheel 短语短语 which week / quick work / wear white / why not

33、 wait / when and Where句子句子 Willie wept wildly when his wicked uncle whipped him. Please keep quite quiet for a while. /j/ 舌前硬颚半元音舌前硬颚半元音 舌前部向上颚尽量抬起，舌位较高，双唇伸展成扁平状，声带舌前部向上颚尽量抬起，舌位较高，双唇伸展成扁平状，声带振动。发音瞬间即滑向后面的元音。振动。发音瞬间即滑向后面的元音。 yes, youth, young, year, you短语短语 a new year / New York / a year in Europe /

34、your yellow suit 句子句子 Excuse me, but this suit isnt suitable. The new student in the queue went to New York last year. 舌边音舌边音 / /l/ / 发音时，舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌发音时，舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前向硬颚抬起，气流从舌的旁边送出。前向硬颚抬起，气流从舌的旁边送出。 当此音为尾音时，将舌端抵住上齿龈，当此音为尾音时，将舌端抵住上齿龈，舌前下陷，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹槽。舌前下陷，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹槽。 /l/l/为浊辅音，发音时声带振动。为浊辅音，发音时声带振动

35、。 英语中的舌边音有两种发音方法：英语中的舌边音有两种发音方法：1). 出现在元音之前叫做出现在元音之前叫做清晰舌边音清晰舌边音，它的发音，它的发音是是/l l/。 leave, live, let, look, large, love 短语短语 live and learn, look at the lamp, a lot of love, a large clock, a long line 句子句子 Live and let live. He lost his life in the struggle for liberty. The foolish fellow left his wa

36、llet lying on the table. 2). 出现在元音之后及单词末尾时叫做出现在元音之后及单词末尾时叫做模糊舌模糊舌边音边音，它的发音是，它的发音是/l l/。发这个音时，可以先摆。发这个音时，可以先摆好好/u/的舌位，然后把舌端贴住上齿龈。的舌位，然后把舌端贴住上齿龈。meal, bell, girl, hole, milk, silk, help, apple 短语短语 a little girl / a silk doll / call the child / help the girl / spoil the child句子句子 A little pill may wel

37、l cure a great ill.He fell from the wall at the top of the hill./eI/ A, H, J, K /i:/ B, C, D, E, G, P, T, V, Z /e/ F, L, M, N, S, X, Z /aI/ I, Y/ u/ O /a:/ R /ju:/ U, Q, We26个字母按个字母按相同音素相同音素分类分类an+a, e, f, h, i, L, m, n, o, r, s, x There is “m” in the word “matter”. (a/an?)anMr Li has one fox.He wea

38、rs only sock today. It took me half hour to wash my clothes.a an /ba:skItb :l/ basketball /greIs/ Grace /i:vnI / evening /gud/ good /m :rnI / morning/h l u/ hello/,a:ft nu:n/ afternooncceee /faIn/ fine /hau/ how /kwIlt/ quilt /spel/ spell /pl li:z/ / please /best/ best /b3: / birth /buk,keIs/ bookcase/b :rI / boring/brekf st/ breakfast/b t/ but/ dres/ address/ raund/ around/k r t/ carrotceAeee thanks, think, little, boy that, computer, pen, book, watch, read, met, know, whole, beautiful, nice