初中英语语法专项复习课件.ppt

1、语法专项复习语法专项复习 Object Clause 宾语从句宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)I know him .（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语）句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序（一）连接词（一）连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词who whom whos

2、e what which4. 连接副词when why where how。注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g. 1. I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来）2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun注意：当从句是客观真理的时

3、候，无论主句什么时态，从注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时句一律用一般现在时由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. Ask him _. （他是否能来）他是否能来）2. I dont know _.（是否要下雨）是否要下雨） whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not当句末为当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.If 与与whether 的区别的区别1. I dont know _ he

4、will come or not.2. I dont care of _ he is handsome.3. He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4. _ he will come is not decided. 与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether由连接代词由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接及连接副词副词 when, where, how, why引导的

5、宾语从句引导的宾语从句when well have a meetingwhere he ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is latewho could answer the question1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁他们在等谁）3. Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会）4. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿他在哪儿）5. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站）6.

6、Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了为什么火车迟到了） whom they are waiting forif和和when还可以引导时间状语从句还可以引导时间状语从句当主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时态。当主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时态。lCould you tell me when he _?lCould you please call me when he _?l (arrive) lI really dont know if he _ (explain) the problem to us though he has been asked for several ti

7、mes. lYou can paint your room blue if you _ (feel) upset. will arrive arriveswill explainfeel（二）语序：陈述句语序 即：陈述句结构（主即：陈述句结构（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）将下列句子换成陈述句语序1.Is there a bank near here?2.Are they doing homework? 3. Did the bad news influence his mood? There is a bank near here. They are doing homework. The

8、bad news influenced his mood. 将下列问句变成陈述句。 1. Can he swim ? swim . 2. Does he have a pen ? a pen . 3. Which place did he go to ? Which place . 4. Whats wrong with you ? . 5. What happened to you ? . 6. Which is the way to the station? . 想一想想一想 为什么4，5，6 语序不变？ He canHe hashe went toWhat happened to you

9、Whats wrong with you 说一说说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。 Which is the way to the station Can you tell me/I want to know/I wonder/Please tell me?e.g. Can you tell me if/whether he can swim?l（三）三）时态时态(时态一致性）时态一致性）l1. 如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般现在时一般现在时，宾语从，宾语从 句的时句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是态根据具体情况来确定，可以

10、是_时态时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.lDo you know when Mr. Smith moved here?任任 何何四四.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear (that)Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Ji

11、m ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. 填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）

12、（需要性原则）l2. 如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般过去时一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态时态（一般过去时，（一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：过去完成时）。例如：lHe told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.lHe said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 过去过去2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主

13、句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1) He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.1) He to Hong Kong .2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时

14、一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时l3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理客观真理，即使主句用，即使主句用了了过去时过去时，从句仍用，从句仍用 _ 时态时态。例如：。例如： The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.一般现在一般现在 3. 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存当宾语从

15、句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）现在时态。（特殊性原则）He told me (that)Summer is after Spring .I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon. My parents told me (that) no news is good news.比一比比一比l三 、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且

16、主句的谓语动词是动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时，从句等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。可简化为不定式结构。 eg: (1) I hope that I can receive your e-mail. I hope to receive your e-mail (2) He has decided that he should improve his study skills. He has decided to improve his study skills. (二）二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且

17、主句的谓语动词是的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn 等等时，从句可简化为时，从句可简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构。结构。 eg: (3) She doesnt know what she should do next. She doesnt know_.what to do nextwhat to do next(三）当主句的谓语动词是三）当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach 等时，从句可简化为等时，从句可简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构。结构。 eg: (4) Will you please show me ho

18、w I can work it out? Will you please show me _. how to work it outhow to work it out(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用用ask/tell/order Sb. (not) to do sth 结构。结构。 eg: (5)A: Please be quiet. B: What did Bill say? A: He asked us to be quiet. (6) Dont trouble me he said to me. He told me not to t

19、rouble him. 四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是称，谓语动词是thinkthink， believe, guess, supposebelieve, guess, suppose等时，等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动式，宾语从句的谓语动用肯定式。 eg: (5)I dont think he will come with you. 注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。 eg: (6)

20、I dont believe he has finished the work, _? (7) He knew why Jim wasnt at school , _? 解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当宾语从句的主语充当。 例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当由主句的主语充当。has hehas hedidnt hedidnt he.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live? 去

21、掉去掉do do2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4 Do you know who car it is? wasiswhose六六. .课堂检测课堂检测Do you know _?A. where does she live B. she lives whereC. where she lives D. where she live2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing

22、B. was doing C. has done D. will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：I从下列从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。中选择一个正确选项填空。4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _?A.what Lily was B. what was LilyC. where Lily was D. where was LilyC3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B. when

23、he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here C5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled ACl7. Could you please tell me _ he will come her

24、e tomorrow?l A. if B. weather C. what D. whichlA8. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing CII.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.

25、2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when she can come back.1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (pl

26、ay) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear he _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ about the relay race

27、 now. (talk)9. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book alre

28、ady? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you say at the meeting? Could yo

29、u tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his

30、homework.Tom said that he would come back.6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. 7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if he was doing his homework.