初中高中英语语法知识-状语从句课件.pptx

1、状语从句状语从句Adverbial Clause1 1、状语从句的概念、状语从句的概念2 2、状语从句的种类和使用、状语从句的种类和使用3 3、沙场秋点兵、沙场秋点兵Part1 Part1 状语从句的概念状语从句的概念什么是状语从句？She works .hard副词作状语副词作状语状语是在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分，是在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分，用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份。程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份。I get up . at six介词短语作

2、状语介词短语作状语when it is dark.ashardassheusedto.状语从句就是用一个句子充当状语成分。同副词，介就是用一个句子充当状语成分。同副词，介词词组等作状语一样，用于修饰谓语，说明谓语动作的时词词组等作状语一样，用于修饰谓语，说明谓语动作的时间，地点，方式，手段，条件，程度，比较，原因，目的，间，地点，方式，手段，条件，程度，比较，原因，目的，结果等。结果等。 Part2 Part2 状语从句的种类状语从句的种类状语从句时间时间状语从句地点地点状语从句原因原因状语从句目的目的状语从句结果结果状语从句条件条件状语从句比较比较状语从句让步让步状语从句方式方式状语从句时间

3、状语从句时间状语从句0101时间状语从句即在句中作时间状语的从句，可以放在句首、句中和句尾。whenwhile as afterbeforeuntil/till since as soon as当时延续性动词 非延续性动词 （瞬间动词）请帮这群饥饿的猴子摘到喜欢的香蕉吧！请帮这群饥饿的猴子摘到喜欢的香蕉吧！延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词非延续性动词studyworkstand join buyfinishopensingwalkwhenwhen引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句01whenwhen可以指可以指“时间点时间点”，与瞬间动词连用，也，与瞬间动词连用，也可以指可以指“时间段时间段

4、”，与延续性动词连用。，与延续性动词连用。02whenwhen引导的从句动作既可以和主句动作同时发引导的从句动作既可以和主句动作同时发生，也可以在主句动作之前或之后发生。生，也可以在主句动作之前或之后发生。Whenhecamein,hismotherwascooking.（时间点时间点）Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday. （时间段）Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport.(同时发生）同时发生）Whenthemealwasfinished,Johnmadecoffee.（之后发生）之后发生）03whenwhen

5、引导的时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时引导的时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来时（表将来时（主将从现主将从现）。）。IwillcallyouwhenIgetthere.Iwillgohomewhentherainstops.whilewhile引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句01whilewhile引导的从句谓语只能引导的从句谓语只能延续性动词延续性动词。Whileweweredancing,amancamein. WhileIwassleeping,theUFOarrived.02whilewhile引导的从句引导的从句的谓语动词所表示的的谓语动词所表示的动作通常与主句的动作动作通常与主

6、句的动作同时发生同时发生。 They arrived while we were having dinner. Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.asas引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句01asas用法与用法与whenwhen相似，但着重强调主句动作与从相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作句动作同时发生同时发生，有，有“随着随着”或或“一一边边一边一边”之意。之意。 IsawaboystandingdownstairsasIopenedthewindow.Asyougetolder,yougetmoreknowledge.猴宝宝挑一挑猴宝宝挑

7、一挑 hehadfinishedhishomework,hetookashortrest hewalkedalongthelake，hesanghappily. shewastypingtheletter,thetelephonerang.When AsWhileuntil / tilluntil / till引导的时间状语从引导的时间状语从句句01用在用在肯定句肯定句中：这两词意义和用法相同，一般可以换中：这两词意义和用法相同，一般可以换用用( (但句首时常用但句首时常用untiluntil，tilltill在口语中更为常见在口语中更为常见) )。主。主句的谓语动词必须是句的谓语动词必须是持

8、续性持续性的，意为的，意为“直到直到” We waited till (until) he came back. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 02用在否定句中用在否定句中：not untilnot until，主句的谓语动词，主句的谓语动词则为则为短暂性短暂性的，表示的，表示“直到直到才才”，若主句谓语，若主句谓语动词为延续性动词，根据上下文可表示动词为延续性动词，根据上下文可表示“没有没有到到”He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. go to

9、bed didntuntilwaited till (until) heardUntilHe didnt wait until I returned.他没有等到我回来。didntwait until爸爸昨天直到午夜才回来。Myfatherdidntcomebackuntilmidnightyesterday.他们一直谈话到黎明。Theytalkeduntil/tilldawn.特别提示特别提示在时间状语从句中，用在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时一般现在时代替代替将将来时来时，用，用一般过去时一般过去时代替代替过去将来时过去将来时。WhenI(get)there,Illringyouup.Illg

10、etCicitoldmethatassoonasshe,(arrive),shewouldringmeup.wouldringmeuparrived地点地点状语从句状语从句0202地点状语从句地点状语从句即在句中作地点状语的从句，位即在句中作地点状语的从句，位于主句前后均可。于主句前后均可。wherewhereverto/in/fromtheplace(s)whereto/in/fromanyplacewhere地点地点状语从句状语从句Welivewheretheroadcrossestheriver.Weliveintheplacewheretheroadcrossestheriver.Eg

11、EgMakemarksinanyplacewhereyouhavequestions.Makemarkswhereveryouhavequestions.原因原因状语从句状语从句0303原因状语从句即在句中作原因状语的从句，可置于句首，也可置于句尾。becausesinceasbecausebecause引导的引导的原因原因状语从句状语从句01b becauseecause意为意为“因为因为”，表示造成某种情况的，表示造成某种情况的直接原因直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答由，语气最强，常用来回答由whywhy提问提问的问句，因果关系的问句，因果关系不能同不能同soso连用连用。-Whydidnt

12、youcometomybirthdayparty?-BecauseIwastoobusy.Hetookoffhiscoatbecauseitwastoohotintheroom.since引导的原因状语从句引导的原因状语从句02since往往表示往往表示众所周知的原因众所周知的原因，意为，意为“既然；既然；由于由于”。since从句通常位于主句之前，其语气从句通常位于主句之前，其语气比比because弱，比弱，比as稍强稍强。Sinceyoucome,waitformoretimeplease.Sinceyouwonthelpme,Illasksomeoneelse.as引导的原因状语从句引导

13、的原因状语从句03as表示表示原因时，语气比原因时，语气比because和和since都弱都弱，引，引导的从句位于主句前后均可。导的从句位于主句前后均可。Itisdifficulttoknowwhattodo,aswearenothisparents.Asyouwereout,Ileftamessageforyou.猫博士水滴石穿猫博士水滴石穿Ididntgotoschoolyesterday_Iwasill._everybodyishere,letsbeginourmeeting._youareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.becauseSinceA

14、s目的目的状语从句状语从句0404目的状语从句即在句中作目的状语的从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。so thatin order that目的目的状语从句状语从句从句中常有从句中常有情态动词情态动词may(might),can(could),should等，从句往往放在等，从句往往放在主句之后主句之后,主从句之主从句之间不用任何标点符号。间不用任何标点符号。TomranveryquicklyinorderthathecouldcatchupwithJack.IshallwritedownyourtelephonenumbersothatImaynotforgetit.兔子兔子选选萝卜咯萝卜咯Yo

15、umustimproveyourstudymethod_youmaymakeprogressinyourstudies.A.soastoB.inordertoC.soD.inorderthatIdliketoarrive20minutesearlyIcanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat.结果结果状语从句状语从句0505结果状语从句即在句中作结果状语的从句，一般置于句尾。so thatso thatsuch thatso thatso that引导的引导的结果结果状语从句状语从句Weturneduptherad

16、iosothateveryoneheardthenews.BringitclosersothatImayseeitbetterso that除了可以引导目的状语从句（通常含有情态动词）外，还可引导结果状语从句，that有时可省略。sothat引导的结果状语从句引导的结果状语从句so+形容词+thatsothat的常用句型以下有四种，口语中的常用句型以下有四种，口语中that经常省略。经常省略。Hewassoexcitedthathecouldntsayaword.Hewassoselfishthatnobodywantedtomakefriendswithhim.so+副词+thatHespe

17、akssoquicklythatlcannotcatchthewords.Hedrovesocarelesslythathealmostlosthislife.so+many/few/much/little+相应形式名词+thatHehassolittlefoodthathemustgooutandbuysome.ImadesomanymistakesthatIfailedtheexam.so+形容词形容词+a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数+thatItissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.ItissoeasyaquestionthatIc

18、anworkitout.suchthat引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句suchthat的常用句型有四种，口语中的常用句型有四种，口语中that常常省略。省略。such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+thatItwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itwassowonderfulafilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.such+形容词形容词+可数名词复数可数名词复数+thatTheyaresuchgoodchildrenthatwealllovethem.Thesearesuchgoodbooks

19、thateveryonewantstoread.such+形容词+不可数名词+thatWehadsuchbadweatherthatwecouldntgoout.Thiswassuchfinemusicthatitwasworthlistening.特别提示为了强调形容词、副词或名词，so/suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，可把so/such置于句首，主句用倒装语序。主句用倒装语序Soexcitedthathecouldnotfallintosleep.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotfallintosleep.hewas愤怒的小鸟愤怒的小鸟Mikeis_boyth

20、atwealllikehim.A.sogoodaB.agoodsoC.asuchgoodD.suchgoodaIknowthecitywellthatIdontneedtouseamap.A.quiteB.veryC.suchD.so条件条件状语从句状语从句06条件状语从句条件状语从句即在句中作条件状语的从句即在句中作条件状语的从句，谈，谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果。论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果。可可置于句首或句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。置于句首或句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。IfIamfreetomorrow,Iwillhelpyouwithy

21、ourmath.Youwillbelateagainunlessyouhurry.条件条件状语从句状语从句如果明天不下雨，我们就去那儿。unless（除非）从句的谓语只能用肯定式,它和ifnot同义，但unless是书面语，ifnot是口语，通常二者可以换用。We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.unless it rainsWe shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.特别提示特别提示在条件状语在条件状语从句中从句中，通常会用：，通常会用：一般现在时一般现在时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过

22、去将来时过去将来时workedFathertoldmeifI（work）hard,hewouldbuymeagift.（主句时态是过去将来时）（主句时态是过去将来时）isIftheweather(is)terriblenextweek,wellputoffthesummercamp.（主句时态是一般将来时）（主句时态是一般将来时）让步让步状语从句状语从句0707让步状语从句即在句中作让步状语的从句，可置于句首，也可置于句尾。e evenven though /even if though /even if引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句Though/Althoughsheworkshard,y

23、etshemakesveryslowprogress.Though/Althoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.though比although通俗，两者通常可互换使用， though/although引导让步状语从句，主句中不可再用but,但可用yet和still。Illgoevenif/eventhoughitrainstomorrow.Even if /Even though you say no, I do not believe it. 这两个短语表示语气更强的让步，有退一步设想的意味, 多用于书面语中。常常译为“即使，尽管”。eventhough/

24、evenif引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 happens，dont be surprised. wh-ever类的词引导让步状语从句时，常可换成“no matter+相应的wh-词”wh-ever引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句WhateverNo matter whatIll wait for you,howeverlate it is.no matter how蝴蝶为花醉蝴蝶为花醉Allow children the space to voice their opinions, they are different from your own. A. until B. even if

25、C. unless D. as thoughLittle Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own, he is only four years old.A. If B. though C. for D. since比较状语从句比较状语从句0808比较状语从句即在句中作比较状语的从句，比较状语从句可表示差级比较和同级比较，一般位于句尾。asthanHe speaks English as well as you do.She was more successful than we had expected.我愿为你摘天上的我愿为你摘天上的

26、星星星星Helooks_abrickwall.(nervous)as nervous asHisnewbossismuch_hislast.(interesting)moreinterestingthan方式状语从句方式状语从句0909方式状语从句即在句中作方式状语的从句，一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。asas ifas thougha as s引导引导方式状语从句方式状语从句表示“如同；按的方式”表示“如同；按的方式”Will you please do it as I am doing?Leave the children as they are.asif/asthough引导方式状语从句引

27、导方式状语从句He sounds as though hes got a sore throat.He is a happy man as if/as though he has no worries in the world.方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或者具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气。You treat them as if/as though they were your parents.He talks about Rome as if/as though he had been there before.方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻，通常用虚拟

28、语气。Part3 Part3 沙场秋点兵沙场秋点兵1. Ill go with you if it _fine tomorrow. A. has been B. is C. will be D. be2. He got up early _ he could catch up with the others. A. in order to B. to C. so that D. that3. This is _ an interesting book that I want to read it again. A. so B. such C. quite D. very4. I will let you know about it as soon as I _ the news. A. will get B. get C. got D. get5. Though he is ill, _he is still working hard. A. but B. yet C. too D. either4. _ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although