(14套)最新中考英语语法知识点(通用)PPT精品课件汇总-(含所有中考语法知识).ppt

1、小魔方站作品小魔方站作品 盗版必究盗版必究考点一 不可数名词不可数名词(1)不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与a/an或具体数字连用，但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。(2)要表示一定的数量时，常与a cup of, a bottle of, a piece of 等量词连用，如a cup of tea 一杯茶； two bottles of water 两瓶水注意：区别two boxes of chalk与two boxes of apples。不可数名词(3)只能修饰不可数名词的词有：a little(一点)，little(几乎没有)，much/a great deal of(许多)(4)常

2、见的不可数名词有：food, drink, tea, orange, milk, water, rice, bread, meat, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, fish, work, homework, news, advice, information, weather, Chinese, English, music等互动一例题一()1. After PE., I often feel very thirsty. Why not buy some _ to drink? Abread Bnoodles Capple juice Dteas()2. I wan

3、t a sweet milk. Put some _ in my cup, please. Aice Bsoup Csalt Dsugar例题二DC考点二 可数名词可数名词(1)可数名词后可以加s或es构成复数形式，用于表达超过“一个”的数的概念。(2)只与可数名词复数连用的单词：few(几乎没有)，a few(一些), many/a great many(许多)(3)既能与可数名词连用也能与不可数名词连用的单词：some, any, a lot of/lots of, plenty of。例如：There is some/a lot of milk in the bottle.There a

4、re some/a lot of flowers in the garden.可数名词(4)名词复数的基本变化规律：规律例词一般在词尾直接加sbookbookschairchairs以s, x, o, sh, ch结尾的单词通常在词尾加esclassclassesboxboxesbrushbrusheswatchwatches以辅音字母y结尾的词，把y改i，再加es; 以元音字母y结尾的词，直接在词尾加sfamilyfamiliesfactoryfactorieskeykeysmonkeymonkeys以o结尾的词，有生命的名词加es；无生命的名词则直接加spotatopotatoestoma

5、totomatoesradioradioszoozoos以f或fe结尾的词，改f或fe为v加esleafleavesthiefthieves可数名词(5)单数名词变复数的不规则变化：ae例如：manmen, womanwomen, policemanpolicemenooee例如：footfeet, toothteeth, goosegeese childchildren, mousemice(6)表示“某国人”的单复数变化如下(记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s 加后面)：ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseFrenchmanFrenchmenEnglishmanEng

6、lishmenGermanGermansAmericanAmericansIndianIndiansAustralianAustraliansCanadianCanadians可数名词(7)有的名词只有复数形式，通常是人们身上穿的、戴的、用的。例如：people, police, clothes, trousers, pants, jeans, scissors, shorts。(8)常见的单复数同形的名词有：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish。例如：a Chinesetwo Chinesea sheepmany sheep 可数名词(9)由两个名词组成的

7、名词词组，通常只变后面一个名词为复数。例如：an apple treetwo apple treesa girl studentmany girl students a shoe shopa few shoe shops但如果前面名词是man或woman时，则两个名词都要变成复数。例如：a man teachersome men teachersa woman doctorten women doctors互动一例题一例题二BB()1. When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _ Anotice Bmessage Csentence Dinfor

8、mation()2. If you work harder, youll have another _ to play the violin at a concert. Asleep BChance Cmistake Dproblem考点三 名词所有格名词所有格(1)s所有格：表示有生命名词的所有格所有格：表示有生命名词的所有格不以s结尾名词的所有格，直接在词尾加s。例如：Kates bag, my friends bike, Childrens Day, Womens Day以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加。例如：Teachers Day, students books表示两人共同拥有的

9、人或物，在后一个人名后加s。例如：Lucy and Lilys mother表示两人分别拥有的人或物，则两个人名后都要加s。例如：Toms and Jims books 表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时，所有格后面的名词常常省略。例如：at the doctors双重所有格：用s所有格与of 所有格相结合。例如：a friend of my fathersa book of mine名词所有格(2) of 所有格： 表示无生命名词的所有格。例如：the door of the room, the color of the clothes。但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的

10、名词，也可加s构成所有格。例如：todays newspapereight days holidayan 8day holidayfive minutes walka fiveminute walk互动一例题一例题二BA()1. How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha? It is a _ flight from Tianjin to Changsha. A2hourlong B2hourslong C2 hours long D2 hour long()2. A friend of my _ and I are going to visit _ next

11、 week. Afather; Browns Bfathers; the Browns Cfather; the Browns Dfathers; Browns考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词人称、物主、反身代词(1)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的基本变化形式 人称代词物主代词反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves人称、物主、反身代词(1)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的基本变化形式 人称代词物主

12、代词反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性第三人称单数hehimhishishimself单数sheherherhersherself单数itititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirs themselves(2)人称代词的用法主格通常放在动词前面。宾格一般放在动词或介词后面。例如：She is very friendly and we all like her. All of us are Chinese.人称代词的排列顺序：单数you, he and I(二、三、一)；复数we, you and they(一、二、三)。人称、物主、反身代词(3)物主代词译成“的”

13、。形容词性物主代词名词；名词性物主代词后面不能有名词。例如：This is my bookThis book is mine.Their room is bigger than ours.人称、物主、反身代词(4)反身代词意思是“本人，亲自”。必须与被指代的人在人称和数上保持一致。 例如：He can do it himself.They enjoyed themselves at the party yesterday.人称、物主、反身代词反身代词常用词组：teach oneselflearn sth. by oneself 自学；enjoy oneself have a good time

14、/have fun doing 玩得开心； help oneself to sth.请自便；随便吃； look after oneselftake care of oneself 照顾自己；say to oneself 自言自语；by oneself 独自地；dress oneself 给自己穿衣. 人称、物主、反身代词互动一例题一()1. Mrs Smith often goes to visit those AIDS patients in hospitals to cheer _ up. Aher Bthem Chim Dus()2. Dont worry. Were old enoug

15、h to look after _ Amyself Bme Courselves Dus例题二CB考点二 指示代词、疑问代词和it的用法指示、疑问代词及it的用法(1)指示代词的形式：this(单数)these(复数), that(单数)those(复数)。例如：This is my watch. That is his watch.These are my books. Those are his books.打电话时，常用“that”询问对方是“谁”， 用“this”介绍自己。例如：Hello, is that Lucy?Hello, this is Lucy.(2)指人的疑问代词：who

16、, whom, whose, which； 指物的疑问代词：what, which。指示、疑问代词及It的用法(3)it 的用法指时间、天气或距离等。例如：Its eight oclock now. Its time for class. Its getting hotter and hotter.Its five miles from my home to the school.指示、疑问代词及It的用法指谈话双方都知道的或都不知道的人或事。例如：Who is knocking at the door?It must be Li Lei. He said he would come toni

17、ght.作形式主语或形式宾语。例如：Its important to study English well. We found it hard to finish the work on time.指示、疑问代词及It的用法考点三 不定代词不定代词常见的不定代词有常见的不定代词有：some, any, one, each, every, no, none, all, both, either, neither, many, much, a few, a little, other, another, the other等。形容词或else 修饰something, anything, noth

18、ing, somebody, anybody, nobody，everything, everyone, everybody等不定代词时，形容词或else放在不定代词的后面。例如：Do you have anything else to tell us?There is nothing wrong with your bike.不定代词互动一例题一例题二AA()1. Would you like some more noodles, Celia? Yes, just _， please. Aa few Bfew Ca little Dlittle()2. We have five kinds

19、of schoolbags. Do you like this one? No, can you show me _？ Aanother Beach other Cthe other Dothers考点一 不定冠词a/an 的基本用法不定冠词aan(1)泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。例如：An elephant is much heavier than a horse.(2)在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前。例如：This is a book.(3)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。例如：I have read the books twice, but I want to read

20、them a third time.(4)用于某些固定词组前，如have a good time, in a hurry, have a rest, for a while, take a walk, have a look, have a cold等。不定冠词aan(5)a/an 的区别：a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，如 a book, an orange, an egg。注意： 以字母u开头的单词u发音为/ju：/时， 单词前用a，如a usual boy, a university, a unit, a useful book。

21、 常见辅音字母不发音的单词有：an honest boy, an hour, an honor。不定冠词aan互动一例题一()1.Whats this in English, Maria? Its _ map. Aa Ban Cthe D/()2. Cathy was very happy to meet _ old friend on the plane to Paris. Aa Ban Cthe D/例题二B A考点二 定冠词the的用法定冠词the(1)用来表示特指的或双方都知道的人或事。例如：The man over there is Johns uncle.(2)表示上文中提到过的人

22、或者事。例如：There is an English book on the desk. The book is Li Leis.定冠词the(3)用在世界上独一无二的名词前。例如：The sun is bigger than the earth.(4)用在形容词最高级、序数词前面。例如：This is the highest building in this city. (5)用在乐器名词前。例如：My sister can play the piano and the violin.(6)用在方位名词前。例如：in the east/west/south/north, on the lef

23、t/right(7)用在姓氏复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇。例如：The Smiths are watching TV.(8)和形容词连用，表示一类人。例如：The old should be looked after well.定冠词the(9)用在江河湖海及山脉名词前。例如：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.(10)用在有介词短语或定语从句修饰的名词前。例如：The girl in red(who is wearing red)is my sister.(11)用在某些固定词组中。例如：in the morning/even

24、ing/afternoon, in the daytime, in the end, at the same time, by the way, at the age of, at the beginning of, in the middle of, at the moment等定冠词the互动一例题一例题二CC()1. My cousin went abroad at _ age of eighteen. Aa Ban Cthe D/()2. Look! Whos _ boy over there? Oh, he is my cousin, Bob. He is _ honest boy.

25、 Aa; the Bthe; a Cthe; an Da; an考点三 不用冠词的情况不用冠词(1)在专有名词(国名、城市名、人名、 路名)前不用冠词。Beijing is a beautiful city.(2)在季节、月份、星期、节日前不用冠词，如in summer/on Monday/in 1995；但中国的传统节日前一般加the，如the MidAutumn Day 中秋节，the Spring Festival；具体某年的季节前一般加the，如in the winter of 2009在2009年的冬天。(3)在球类运动、棋类和学科名词前不用冠词。例如： Mr Zhang likes

26、 playing football and chess.不用冠词(4)三餐饭前不用冠词，如have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner；但三餐饭 前如有形容词修饰时，可以用冠词， 如have a nice breakfast吃一顿 美味的早餐。(5)名词前有this, that, those, these, my, your, some等词修饰时不用冠 词。例如： This is my best friend.(6)用在某些固定词组中： at school, at home, watch TV, on foot, in bed, in hospital, at firs

27、t, in trouble, in public, by bus/bike/plane/train, at noon, at night 等。 互动一例题一例题二BA()1. My son seldom has _ breakfast. It is _ unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it. A/; an Bthe; an C/; a Dthe; a ()2. Bill likes playing _ basketball, but he doesnt like playing _ piano. Athe; the B/; the Cth

28、e; / Da; the常考基数词、序数词一览表常考基数词、序数词一览表数字基数词序数词数字基数词序数词1onefirst15fifteenfifteenth2twosecond16sixteensixteenth3threethird17seventeenseventeenth4fourfourth18eighteeneighteenth5fivefifth19nineteennineteenth6sixsixth20twentytwentieth7sevenseventh30thirtythirtieth8eighteighth40fortyfortieth9nineninth50fift

29、yfiftieth10tententh60sixtysixtieth11eleveneleventh70 seventyseventieth12twelvetwelfth80eightyeightieth13thirteenthirteenth90ninetyninetieth基数词变序数词口诀：基数词变序数词口诀：1，2，3特殊记，结尾各为t，d，d; 加th，4开始； 8少t, 9去e，千万别忘记 (eighth，ninth)；5和12不规则，f来把ve替 (fifth，twelfth)；20到90, y结尾变成ie (twentieth)；若是几十几，前基后序就可以。考点一 基数词基数词

30、(1)基数词表示数量，后面一般接复数名词(“一”除外)，如 seven days。(2)基数词的读法：从右向左看，每隔三位划一逗号，倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand，倒数第二个逗号之前要用million，倒数第三个逗号之前要用billion。例如：7，258，366，200 可读为： seven billion，two hundred and fiftyeight million，three hundred and sixtysix thousand，two hundred百位与十位之间要加and，如one hundred and twentyfive; 十位与个位之间要加连词符，如se

31、ventyfour。(3)hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen前面有具体数字时，后面不加s 和of; 如果没有具体数字， 后面必须加s 和of。如：five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(上百万的)。基数词(4)时间的读法顺读法： 点钟分钟。例如：2：05 two five3：50 three fifty逆读法：分钟 30，用“past”：分钟past点钟(几点过几分)。例如：4：15 four fifteen

32、a quarter past four6：30 half past sixthirty past six 分钟 30分钟，用“to”：分钟(60分钟数)to(点钟1)(几点差几分)。 例如：7：40 twenty to eight8：45 a quarter to ninefifteen to nine 整点的表达：点钟oclock。例如：9：00 nine oclock 基数词(5)编号的表达：名词基数词the序数词名词。例如：Lesson Onethe first lesson(6)小数点用“point”，百分数用“percent”表达。例如：14 one point four60% si

33、xty percent(7)与表示度量衡单位的词连用。例如：10米深/长/宽/高 ten meters deep/long/wide/tall基数词互动一例题一()1. _ of volunteers will be needed for 2015 Horticulture Exportion in Qingdao. Lets go and _ them. A T h o u s a n d s ; j o i n BThousand; be a member of C T h r e e t h o u s a n d ; t a k e p a r t i n DThousands; be

34、 in ()2. The chairperson received about three _ applications to join the Bird Watching Club. Ahundred Bhundreds of Chundred of Dhundreds 例题二D A考点二 序数词序数词(1)序数词表示顺序，前面一般有“the” 或代词修饰，后面一般接名词单数。例如：Monday is the second day of the week. Today is his seventeenth birthday.注意：a/an序数词表示“又一，再一(表示泛指)”。例如：I hav

35、e failed twice, but I want to try a third time.(2)分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母s。例如：1/3 one third3/4 three fourths/three quarters (3)日期的表达：英语中日期的表达顺序为月、日、年或日、月、年。如： It happened on January the second，1990.It happened on January 2，1990.序数词互动一例题一例题二DC()1.David, how old is your father this year? _. And w

36、e just had a special party for his _ birthday last weekend. AFortieth; forty BForty; forty CForty; fortieth DFortieth; fortieth()2.Its said that _ of the water around the world _ polluted. Atwo third; has Btwo thirds; have Ctwo third; are Dtwo thirds; is考点三 其他重点表达其它重点表达半小时 half an hour半天 half a day

37、两天半 two and a half daystwo days and a half 一至两天 one or two daysone day or two在20世纪90年代 in the 1990s在他30多岁 in his thirties再多两天 two more days another two days考点一 形容词、副词的基本用法基本用法(1)形容词一般放在名词前面， be动词后面。副词一般放在动词后面或形容词前面，副词一般以ly结尾。但有的动词后面只能用形容词。如五个感官动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound；四个变得：turn, get, becom

38、e, go(变质)。例如：The book is interesting. This is an interesting book.The boy looks sad.(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词(something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody anybody, nobody, everybody, everyone)时，要放在不定代词的后面。例如：The teacher has something important to tell us.(3)enough(足够)放在名词前面，形容词、副词后面。例如：I dont have enough

39、 money to buy the bike.基本用法互动一例题一()1. Many students think it _ to learn English by using news. Ainterest Binteresting Cinterested Dinterests()2. Leo was so _ that he rushed to the kitchen hoping to find something to eat. Athirsty Bhungry Ctired Dsleepy例题二B B考点二 形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化规则比较级、最高级(1)用来表示特指的或双

40、方都知道的人或事。例如：The man over there is Johns uncle.(2)表示上文中提到过的人或者事。例如：There is an English book on the desk. The book is Li Leis.(3)用在世界上独一无二的名词前。例如：The sun is bigger than the earth.(4)用在形容词最高级、序数词前面。例如：This is the highest building in this city. 比较级、最高级比较级、最高级形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化规则基本变化规则例词(1)一般情况下比较级在词尾直接加e

41、r，最高级加est。smallsmallersmalleststrongstrongerstrongest(2)以e结尾的词，在词尾加r构成比较级，加st构成最高级。nicenicernicest latelaterlatest(3)以辅音字母y结尾的词，把y改i, 再加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。heavyheavierheaviesteasyeasiereasiest(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写辅音字母， 再加er或est构成比较级和最高级。bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest (5)其他双音节或多音节词在词前加more构成比较级，加mo

42、st构成最高级。importantmore importantmost important stronglymore stronglymost strongly比较级、最高级形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化规则不规则变化的词 many/muchmoremostgood/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthest(距离远)farfurtherfurthest(深入的)oldolderoldest(岁数大；东西旧)oldeldereldest(辈分大)比较级、最高级形容词等级口诀比较级要变化，一般词

43、尾加er，词尾若有哑音e就可以直接加r。一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写。辅音字母后有y，把y改成i。最高级加est，莫忘前面加the。形容词若是多音节，记得前面加more、most。互动一例题一例题二A B()1.Of all the teachers I love the ones who are _ because they treat students as their family members. Athe strongest Bthe friendliest Cthe most experienced Dthe funniest()2. Do you enjoy Han Leis

44、songs? Yes. He is the winner of Im A Singer II. I cant think of anyone with a _ voice. Abetter Bbest Cmore Dmost考点三 形容词、副词的基本句型基本句型(1)原级的用法very, quite, rather, too, enough, so 等词修饰原级。例如：The street is very busy.The book is quite interesting.表示 A 与B一样时，用：Aas原级asB(和一样)。例如：Tom is as tall as Kate.Tom run

45、s as quickly as Kate.表示 A 不如B 时， 用：Anotas/so原级asB(不如)。例如：This story isnt as/so interesting as that one.My brother doesnt write as/so carefully as me. (2)比较级的用法两者之间的比较或选择用比较级：比较级than被比较的对象。例如：He is taller than his father.Who jumps higher, Tom or Jim?比较级前面还可以用：much, a little, a bit, even, far, still,

46、three times 等词来修饰。 例如：Why not get up a little earlier?The book is twice cheaper than that one. 基本句型表示“越来越”时用： 比较级and比较级/more and more原级。例如：hotter and hotter 越来越热more and more useful 越来越有用表示“越，越”时，用：the比较级， the比较级。例如：The more you take exercise, the healthier you will be.倍数的表达法：Ais倍数比较级thanB或Ais倍数as原级

47、as B 基本句型(3)最高级的用法三者或三者以上的比较用最高级： the最高级of/in比较的范围表示 “最之一”时用：one of the最高级名词复数。例如：This is one of the most expensive paintings in the world.表示 “第几最”时用：the序数词最高级名词单数。例如：Shanghai is the first largest city in China. 基本句型注意：(1)形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the。例如：He is my best friend.比较级前不用the，但在“of the two”的结构中，要用“t

48、he比较级”。例如：The boy in red is the taller of the two. 基本句型(4)同类事物才能够相比较。例如：The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing.(5)最高级与比较级的转换。例如：Shanghai is the largest city in China.Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.(上海属于中国)区别：Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.(上海不属于日本) 基本句型互动

49、一例题一例题二DB()1. Its smoggy these days. Thats terrible! Yes, I hope to plant trees. _ trees, _ air pollution. AThe more; the fewer BThe less; the more CThe less; the fewer DThe more; the less ()2. The picture is, I have to say, not a bit beautiful. Why? Its _ than the pictures I have ever seen. Afar mo

50、re beautiful Bmuch less beautiful Cno more beautiful Dany less beautiful考点一 表示时间的介词表时间的介词(1)in, after, later表示时间的区别“in时间段”用于将来时，表示“过后”。例如：He will come back in an hour.“after一段时间”用于过去时，表示“在以后”。例如：After an hour, he came back.(1)in, after, later表示时间的区别“after时间点”用于将来时，表示“在以后”。 例如：He will come back after