(广西课标版)2020版高考英语二轮复习第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致课件.pptx

1、第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-2-词汇复习11(根据汉语提示填入以f开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以f开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】When the fashion art master delivered the speech,he mentioned that you have to 1.fight(打,斗争)

2、against the following 2.factors(因素) such as self-doubt,3.failure(失败),loneliness,misunderstanding and even threat on condition that you want to have access to achievement.Furthermore,you should get 4.familiar (熟悉) with any flexible change,focus on the key points and form a good habit.Only in this way

3、 can a person have good fortune.译文 当那个时尚艺术大师发表演讲时,他提道:如果你想获得成就,你必须和以下因素做斗争,例如,不自信、失败、孤独、误解,甚至是威胁。而且,你应该熟悉任何灵活的变化,着重关注要点,养成好习惯。只有用这种方式一个人才可以得到好运。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-3-特殊句式很特别,每类都有规则寻;注意语境和逻辑,感情表达更充分。1.(2018天津卷改编)It was only when the car pulled up in fron

4、t of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.解析:考查强调句型。句意:只有当汽车停在我们的房子前,我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。强调句的特点是去掉It was和that,句子仍是完整的,本句符合这个特点。故填that。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-4-2.(2018北京卷改编) In any unsafe situation,simply press(press) the button and a highly-trained a

5、gent will get you the help you need.解析:考查祈使句。句意:在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅按一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的人员就会给你所需要的帮助。本题是“祈使句+and+简单句”结构,所以填动词原形。3.(2018全国卷改编)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide”.解析:考查省略句。句意:中国在为公民提供

6、食物的同时保护环境的做法“为世界各地的农业和食品政策制定者提供了有益的经验教训”。本句是省略句,句子补全为:while it is feeding.。由于主句的主语和从句的主语一致,所以省去了it is。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-5-4.It might have saved me some trouble had I known(I know)the schedule.解析:考查虚拟条件句的倒装。句意:如果我提前知道日程安排,会省去不少麻烦。根据might have saved可知,此

7、题表示与过去事实相反的假设,因此从句用过去完成时。原句可变为:If I had known the schedule,it might have saved me some trouble。5.(2015湖南卷改编)It is important to remember that success is(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve.解析:考查主谓一致。句意:成功是每天一点点小的努力的总和,而且往往要花几年时间才能达到,记住这点很重要。remember 后面的宾语从句中

8、, success 充当主语且为单数形式,又因本句话陈述的内容为客观事实, 因此其后的两个谓语动词be 和take 都应用第三人称单数形式。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-6-一、强调句型1.强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。一般来说,被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如:It was John who(that) wore his best suit to the dance last night.是约翰昨晚是

9、穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会。It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。2.强调句的一般疑问句形式为“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“Wh-疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分”。Was it in high school that you began playing basketball?你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的?Where was it that you put your mobile phone after c

10、oming back?你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了?第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-7-3.not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才将其认了出来。注意 强调句中的主谓一致:当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应与主语一致,即人称和数要一致。如:It is my mother who cooks eve

11、ry day.每天煮饭的是我妈妈。It is he who is wrong.是他错了。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-8-二、全部倒装1.表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,on the wall,under the tree等置于句首,且主语是名词时,此时要用全部倒装。There goes the bell.铃响了。On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.山顶有

12、棵松树。2.代词such放在句首,且在句中做表语时,此时要用全部倒装。Such are the facts;no one can deny them.这些就是事实;没有人可以否认。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-9-3.为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密,常将做表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首,引起全部倒装。Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.坐在第一排的是一些先进工作者。注意 1.全部倒装句中不用进行时,采用一般现在时

13、态代替进行时。Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming here.公交车来了。2.当句子的主语为人称代词时,即使有表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语置于句首,句子也不再用倒装结构。Out he rushed.他冲了出去。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-10-三、部分倒装1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句做状语且放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。On

14、ly when one loses friendship does one know its value.只有当一个人失去友谊时,他才知道友谊的价值。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-11-2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition,in no way等置于句首时,句子用部分

15、倒装。Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。By no means will I give up searching for my lost dog.我绝不会放弃寻找我那只丢失的狗。3.as/though引导让步状语从句时,要将表语、状语或谓语动词提到句首;though引导让步状语从句时,也可用正常语序。Tired though/as he was,he kept on running.=Though he was tired

16、,he kept on running.尽管他很累,但还是继续跑着。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-12-4.倒装句常见句型总结 第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-13-第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-14-So frightened was she that she could not say

17、 a word.她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。Hardly had I entered the lecture hall when I was surrounded by the students.我刚一进入报告厅就被同学们围住了。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-15-四、省略句及其他(一) 省略句1.not,so的替代性省略动词believe,do

18、,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和Im afraid后面可用替代词so或not来避免重复前面提到的内容。表示肯定意义时,以上动词都可与so搭配;但表示否定意义时,hope与guess只用I hope not和I guess not的形式,而think,believe,suppose等词可有两种形式,即:I think not和I dont think so。如:Do they mind you smoking there?你在那儿吸烟,他们介意吗?I dont think so./I think not.我想不会。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊

19、句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-16-2.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as,after,before等引导的状语从句中,若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语部分含有be动词时,从句的主语和be 动词常被省略。If (it is) possible,I want to travel to Australia with my family.如果有可能,我想同家人一起去澳大利亚旅游。You cant be careful en

20、ough while (you are) crossing the street.过马路时你怎么小心都不为过。Film has a much shorter history,especially when(it is) compared to such art forms as music and painting.电影制作艺术的历史要短得多,尤其是同音乐、绘画之类的艺术形式比较的时候。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-17-3.不定式的省略通常情况下,只留下不定式符号to,常用于be afra

21、id/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等词之后。He thought I hurt him intentionally,but I didnt mean to.他认为我有意伤害他,可我并无此意。如果不定式后有系动词be或助动词have时,be 和have不能省略。I dont think Jim is lazy in his study,but he used to be.我认为吉姆在学习上并不懒惰,可他过去是很懒惰的。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一

22、致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-18-(二)祈使句祈使句的固定句式1.祈使句+and+简单句表示“如果就”2.祈使句+or+简单句表示“否则”Do that again and Ill call a policeman.你再那样做我就要叫警察了。Put it down,or else Ill smack you.把它放下来,不然我会揍你。注意 有时名词短语可以看作是祈使句。A few more minutes and I will finish the work.再给我几分钟我就会完成这项工作。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓

23、一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-19-(三)感叹句感叹句的固定句式1.What a(n)+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事啊!What a happy(tired/busy.) day it is!多么快乐的(疲惫的/忙碌的)一天啊!2.What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!What beautiful butterflies they are!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!3.How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语!How tall a boy he is

24、!这个男孩真高啊!4.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How well she plays!她演奏得多好啊!第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-20-(四)反意疑问句1.祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用“will you?”。Dont do that again,will you?注意 Lets 开头的祈使句,后用“shall we?”;Let us 开头的祈使句,后用“will you?”。Lets go and listen to music,shall we?咱们去听音乐,好吗?Let us

25、 wait for you in the reading room,will you?我们在阅览室等你,好吗?第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-21-2.主句主语为第一人称,谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright,is he?我认为他不太聪明,对吗?We believe she can do it better,cant she?我们相信她能做得更好

26、,不是吗?第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-22-五、主谓一致主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三种原则。做题时要注意语境中的时态及其他语法现象。(一)语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数形式,则谓语动词用单数;若句子的主语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数。Electric cars are more environmentally friendly than traditional cars.电动汽车比普通汽车更环保。第一部分第一部分专题十一特

27、殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-23-1.主语后跟由with,together with,along with,except,besides,as well as,in addition to,including,rather than等构成的短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些词汇前面的名词的数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介词宾语,不可能充当主语。)Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.格林先生和他的孩子们

28、每个周日都去公园。The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.除那个男孩外,这些女孩也学会了说日语。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-24-2.“every/each/no+单数名词+and+every/each/no+单数名词,more than one+单数名词,many a+单数名词,one+单数名词+and a half”做主语时,谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl is havin

29、g sports now.每个男孩和女孩现在正在做运动。Many a child was playing there.许多孩子正在那边玩耍。More than one student has failed the exam.不止一个学生考试失利了。One apple and a half was on the table.桌子上有一个半苹果。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-25-(二)意义一致原则1.当and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一个人、同一个事物、同一件事或者同一个概念时,应看作单数

30、,谓语动词用单数形式。但是,当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.那位既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平在历史上是一个永恒的主题。Chinese and Japanese silk are of go

31、od quality.中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都不错。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-26-2.“a number of+复数名词”意思是“许多”,表示复数意义;“the number of+复数名词”意思是“的数目”,表示单数概念。“the population of.”意思是“的人口数量”,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但如果是分数、百分数(half of/the rest of the population)做主语时,具体指其中的多少人,表达复数意义,谓语动词则常用复数形式。“the av

32、erage of.”意思是“的平均数量”,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.我们学校学生很多并且很多教师工作很努力。The population of the country is large and most of the population are farmers.那个国家的人口很多,大部分人口是农民。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力

33、迁移高频考点探究突破-27-3.当非谓语动词和名词性从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数。To see is to believe.眼见为实。Doing eye exercises is very good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。What he said is of great help to our work.他说的对我们的工作很有帮助。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-28-(三)就近一致原则1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近的做主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子

34、中的连词有:or,not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等。Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.要么是我要么是他们为这件事的结果负责。Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.不友善的话语和不友好的态度都没给我带来任何沮丧。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演

35、练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-29-2.当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔,一把小刀和几本书。There are twenty boy students and twenty-three girl students in the class.班里有二十个男同学和二十三个女同学。第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-30-一 二 三 四 五一

36、、完成句子1.Make(make) what youre doing today important,because youre trading a day of your life for it.2.Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?3.Give me a chance,and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.4.I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the Brit

37、ish Museum during your stay,didnt you?5.How foolish what the six blind men said sounded!6.I dont think David could have done such a stupid thing last night,did he?第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-31-一 二 三 四 五7.What an interesting role she played in the film!No wonde

38、r she has won an Oscar.8.Only after one has become a parent will he realize(realize) how great his parents are.9.No sooner had the star arrived (the star/arrive) at the airport than she was surrounded by many reporters.10.The door was opened and there entered our English teacher(our English teacher/

39、enter).第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-32-一 二 三 四 五二、根据括号内的提示,改写下列句子1.Jack was my professor.He encouraged me to go on with my experiment.(改为强调句)It was Jack,who was my professor,that/who encouraged me to go on with my experiment.2.As soon as the professor arrived at

40、 our school,he was warmly welcomed.(改为倒装句)No sooner/Hardly had the professor arrived at our school,than/when he was warmly welcomed.3.He was devoted to his study and cared little about his clothes.(改为省略句)Devoted to his study,he cared little about his clothes.第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固

41、本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-33-一 二 三 四 五4.If you are not invited to speak,you should keep silent at the meeting.(用unless 改为省略句)Unless invited to speak,you should keep silent at the meeting.5.He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon.(改为强调句和倒装句)It was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here.

42、(强调句)Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here.(倒装句)第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-34-一 二 三 四 五三、单句改错1.On the front wall of the classroom hang a map of China.hanghangs2.Knocking at the door before you enter the office,or youll be considered impolite.KnockingK

43、nock3.What different life today is from what it was 20 years ago!WhatHow4.It was totally by chance when they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.whenthat第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-35-一 二 三 四 五5.While wait for the opportunity to get promoted,Henry

44、 did his best to perform his duty.waitwaiting第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-36-一 二 三 四 五四、语篇填空It is reported that many middle school students are just not getting enough sleep,especially during the school week.The problem seems to get 1.worse (bad) as they get old

45、er.Year 7 students sleep 8.4 hours on a school night,and Year 9 students only 6.9 hours.Its also reported that not getting enough sleep can cause 2.problems (problem) in a students life.Many students fall 3.asleep(sleep) in school or while doing their homework,so it is not 4.surprising (surprise) th

46、at they get lower grades than those who get enough sleep.Scientists suggest nine hours a night for middle school students.第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-37-一 二 三 四 五Of the students who feel 5.unhappy(happy) and nervous,73% dont get enough sleep at night.Why arent

47、students getting enough sleep?Many students have one of the 6.following (follow) things,like telephone,television,or computer in their bedrooms.Using them on a school night not 7.only takes their time away from homework,but also makes 8.it difficult for them to sleep.As a result,many students cant s

48、leep before 11 p.m.,yet they must get up early 9.to go(go) to school.Scientists also suggest students should not do exciting activities for an hour 10.before bedtime.第一部分第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-38-一 二 三 四 五五、短文改错I went back to her hometown with my parents durin

49、g the National Day holidays.We spent three hours on the train after a bus took us to the small village.My grandparents were so glad to see us back home that they prepare a lot of delicious food.We had a big dinner with some relatives lived nearby.Later,my grandfather showed us around the village.To

50、our great surprised,great changes have been taken place during the last few years.A lot of two-storeyed houses have been built but young trees have been planted.The remote village has taken a completely new look.It is clearly that the life of common people is getting better and better,that made us v