Unit 4 Natural Disasters GrammarAttributiveclause ppt课件-（2019）新人教版高中英语必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit 4 natural disastersGrammar Attributive clauseWhat is attributive?1. It is an expensive cell phone.2. The tension in the room has changed.3. I have something important to tell you.4. The weather today is cold.5. March is the time to plant trees6. A man called Tom is looking for you.What is attri

2、butive clause?1. It is an cell phone which is expensive.3. I have something which is important to tell you.5. March is the time when people plant trees6. A man who is called Tom is looking for you.本质上，定语从句和形容词是臭味相投，都爱修饰名词或代词.不同的是，形容词是条小短裤，只能表达简单的意思；而定语从句是更宽、更大的短裤，表达的意思更复杂、更具体。 注意定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词关系关系

3、代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语), whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语), which(主语、主语、宾语宾语)， whose(定语定语)where (地点状语地点状语)when (时间状语时间状语)why (原因状语原因状语)关系词又分为两派：定语从句定语从句（the attributive clause）小常识小常识 被定语从句限定的词是被定语从句限定的词是_ ，引导定语，引导定语从句的词叫做从句的词叫做 _ 或或 _。 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即关系代词和关系副词有三大作用

4、，即连接连接（连接定语从句和主句）、（连接定语从句和主句）、替代替代（替代前面的（替代前面的 先行词）、先行词）、成分成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。句子成分）。在复合句中，充当在复合句中，充当_ 用的从句是定语从句用的从句是定语从句“先行词先行词”“关系代词关系代词” “关系副词关系副词”形容词形容词This is the film which I saw last night.This is the film whose name is Titanic .The man and the woman whom you see in the picture

5、are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . the Attributive Clausethe Attributive Clausewhowho指指herohero和和heroineheroine，作主语，作主语whomwhom指指manman和和womanwoman，作宾语，作宾语whosewhose指指the film

6、sthe films，作定语，作定语thatthat指指picturepicture，作主语，作主语whichwhich指指filmfilm，作宾语，作宾语关系代词关系代词: :1. who指人指人, ,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 ( (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.2. whom指人指人, ,作作宾语宾语( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略, ,如位于介词后则不能省如位于介词后则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.3. which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾

7、语( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略, ,如位于如位于介词后前则不能省介词后前则不能省) ) These are the trees which were planted last year. 4. that 指人指人/ /物，物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语( (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）He is the man (that/who/whom) I told you about.5.whose 在定从中在定从中作定语作定语，表所属关系，表所属关系，译为译为“.的的”,用来代替用来代替 his /her /their /its. whose指人也指物，指人也指物，指物时指物时=of which 指

8、人时指人时=of whomThis is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue/the cover of which is blue1. who指指_,_,作作_（成分）（成分）2. whom指指_,_,作作_（成分）（成分）3. which 指指_，作作_（成分）（成分）4. that 指指_，作，作_（成分）（成分）5.5.whose作作_(_(成分成分) )，表，表_关系，关系，译译为为_，用来代替，用来代替 _ ._ .whose 指人也指物，指人也指物，指物时指物时 = _ 指

9、指人时人时 = _人主、宾人宾主、宾主、宾物人、物定语所属.的his/her/their/itsof whichof whom总结总结: :关系副词指代充当的成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason状语状语状语状语状语状语关系副词关系副词: :1.when在从句中作时间状语，先行词通常是表示时间的名词，相当于介词在从句中作时间状语，先行词通常是表示时间的名词，相当于介词+whichIll never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen we met each other. we met each other.on

10、which(=on the day)2.where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词，相当于介在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词，相当于介词词+which This is the house where I the first meeting was held.in which(=in the house)3.why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason，相当于，相当于for+whichDo you know the reason why she dropped out of school.for which(=for the re

11、ason)1. that1. that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下列情况互换，但在下列情况引导词只用引导词只用thatthat，不用不用whichwhich。 当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时 a. All that can be done must be done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can learn from. c. There is much (that)

12、we can do to help the homeless person. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时 Ive finished all the tasks (that) you gave me. 先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best film (that) Ive ever seen.This is the first international meeting (that) he has ever attended. 先行词被先行词被the only, t

13、he very, the last the only, the very, the last 修饰时。修饰时。That is the only thing that we can do now.I have found the very pen (that) I lost yesterday. 当先行词当先行词即有人又有物即有人又有物的时候，只能用的时候，只能用thatthat引导定语从句引导定语从句We often talk about the persons and things (that) we remeber. 当句子是当句子是who, whichwho, which开头的疑问句时，

14、为了避免重复开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，定语从句用，定语从句用thatthat引导。引导。Who is the person that is waving to us? 引导引导非限定性定语从句时非限定性定语从句时，只能用，只能用whichwhich。 引导词跟在引导词跟在介词介词后，后，只能用只能用whichwhich。She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.The bike by which I travelled was his.1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，引导非限制性定语从句时，as有有“

15、正如正如，正像，正像”之意，且之意，且as引导的定语从句位引导的定语从句位置置灵活灵活；而；而which有有“这一点，这件事这一点，这件事”之意，且之意，且which引导的定语从句只能位于主引导的定语从句只能位于主句句之后之后。As is known to all, China is a developing country.John, as you know, is a famous writer.He has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe.2. 2. 先行词前有先行词前有the same, suchthe s

16、ame, such，as, soas, so等词修饰的时候，等词修饰的时候，一般用一般用asas引导定语从引导定语从句。注意句。注意当先行词当先行词被被the samethe same 修饰时，修饰时，如果和先行词是如果和先行词是同一个东西同一个东西时用时用thatthat引引导定语从句，导定语从句，如果是如果是同一类东西同一类东西时，用时，用asas引导定语从句。引导定语从句。Ive never heard such stories as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same dictionary as I l

17、ost last week.She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 1 1、看定语从句中是否、看定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用用关系副词关系副词引导定语从句引导定语从句。I will never forget the days _ I stayed with you).whenJurassic Park is about a park _ a rich man keeps different kinds of dinosaurs.wherePlease give me the reason

18、 _ you made such a great success.why2 2、如定语从句、如定语从句成分不全成分不全，缺，缺主语主语用用关系代词关系代词引导定语从句，缺引导定语从句，缺宾语宾语，看定语从，看定语从句的句的谓语动词谓语动词，是，是及物动词及物动词用用关系代词关系代词引导定语从句，是引导定语从句，是不及物动词不及物动词用用关系副词关系副词。Luckily all of the people _ survived the earthquake were not hurt.Yesterday we went to visit the house _ the great writer

19、used to live.The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.My father was born in the year _the Second World War broke out.who/thatwherewhich/thatwhen3 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词关系副词, ,没有主语，则用没有主语，则用关系代词。关系代词。Kunming is a beautiful place _ flowers are seen all th

20、e year round.The meeting _ will be held next week is very importantwherewhich/that1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 This is a subject about which we might argue for a long time. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯根据先行词与介词的搭配习

21、惯 Ill never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me 4. 根据句意来确定介词根据句意来确定介词 The clever boy dug a hole in the wall, through which he could watch the outside world一一. 如何选定介词如何选定介词:二二. 其他有关于介词的问题其他有关于介词的问题1. 1. 要表示整体与部分关系时，可用要表示整体与部分关系时，可用“数词数词/ /代词代词 + of + + of + 关系代词关系代词”的结构的结构There are 50 stud

22、ents in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.2. Whose2. Whose引导定语引导定语从句可转换为从句可转换为“ of +of +关系代词关系代词”They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.of which the doorthe door of whichHe is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise He is one of the students in hi

23、s class who _ (have) got the teachers praise hashave定语从句中的动词的数定语从句中的动词的数1. 1. 关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词heres a letter from Mr Brown, who wants to come to Beijing.2. 2. 在在 one of+ one of+复数名词的结构中，从句的谓语动词要用复数，但复数名词的结构中，从句的谓语动词要用复数，但one of one of 前有前有the only the only 修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数。修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数。