Unit 4 Developing useful structures定语从句 ppt课件-（2019）新人教版高中英语必修第一册.pptx

1、定语从句定语从句Liana目录目录who /whom/that 用法及区别01that/which 用法以及区别02whose的用法03as引导定语从句04介词+关系代词的用法05Lead-in定义The baby is Jack.who is wearing red trousersWhich baby is Jack?Jack穿红裤子的baby是Jack。I like books.The books are about animals.I like books are about animals.thatI like moviesThe movies are about aliens.I

2、like movies are about aliens.thatI have a mobile phone.The mobile phone can play music.I have a mobile phonethat can play music.I like going to the park.The park is near my house.I like going to the park that is nearmy house.I have books that are about animals.I want to go to the park that is near m

3、y house.The Attributive Clause（定语从句）： booksthe park我有关于动物的故事书。我有关于动物的故事书。areis我想要去离我家近的公园。我想要去离我家近的公园。Thingsthat 概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子. Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, thatwhe

4、re, when，whyMary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who指人的词主语、宾语whom指人的词宾语whose指人或物的词定语that指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语as指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语The childrenThe children_are playing in the bedroom are playing in the bedroom are my best friends.are my best friends.The plane

5、The plane_the boy is playing with was the boy is playing with was expensive.expensive.The girlThe girl_father is a teacher likes father is a teacher likes reading.reading.方法二：还原法把先行词还原到定语从句中去把先行词还原到定语从句中去, 看看看看是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的位置上，最终来确定引导词位置上，最终来确定引导词例一： The students _ dont study hard

6、 will not pass the exam._ dont study hard.The students主语，而且指人 who/that例二： The woman _ you saw in the park is our Chinese teacher.you saw _ in the park.the woman宾语，而且指人 (whom/who/that)注意：如果先行词还原到定语从句中，充当的是宾语,那么可以把引导词省略who /whom/that 用法及区别part one1who /whom/that 用法及区别 who, whom, that例如： Is he the man

7、who/that wants to see you? （who/that在从句中作 ?） He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. （whom/that在从句中作 ? ）这些词代替的先行词是表示的名词或代词，在从句中。例如：The man （who/that/whom) I talked with is our teacher.分解这句话who在从句中，whom在从句中；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略that/which 用法以及区别part two 2whi

8、ch, that这些词所代替的先行词是表示的名词或代词，在从句中可等。例如：These are the trees (which/that) were planted last year.（which/that在句中作 ? ）This computer（which/that） he is using is made in China. （which/that在句中作 ? ）1). 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况。1 .当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , few, little, all, none, the one, some, much, a

9、ny等不定代词时I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone elses fault.I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.2.先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.This is the first book (that) he has read.3.先行词被the only，the very，the last，

10、the same，any, every，each，few，little，no，some等修饰时。The only part of the meal I really liked was the dessert.This is the very book that belongs to him.4.先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.5.当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时Wh

11、oisthemanthatisstandingthere?2)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：1.引导非限制性定语从句时。(2015福建卷)China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 今日中国吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。2.当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词关系代词”结构时。 Do you find the pen with which I wrote just

12、 now? 你找到我刚才写字用的那支钢笔了吗?l有些情况只能用关系词who，而不能用that。1.当先行词为当先行词为all指人或指人或anyone，everyone，No one，anybody，everybody，somebody时用时用who. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.2.在在there be句型中，先行词指人，关系词用句型中，先行词指人，关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you.whose的用法part three 3whose代替的先行词是表示的名词

13、或代词，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“限定词名词of which”或“of which限定词名词”来代替。例如：Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?Please pass me the book whose cover is green.Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.as引导定语从句part four 4 1） as引导限制性定语从句主句中出现the same，as，such，so修饰先行词，需选择作关系代词在定语从句中，常见结构the

14、same.as.，such.as.，as/so.as.等。例如：Its person we wanted to find yesterday. girls he knows are good at English.She will marry wealthy a man she can find.4 2） as引导非限制性定语从句常有正如的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主句之前， 也可置于主句之后。as多用于固定搭配中：as is known to all 众所周知as has been said before 如上所述as is often the case 通常就是这样as may be im

15、agined 正如可以想象的那样as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as is mentioned 正如上面所提到的4 2） as引导非限制性定语从句As you know, David is a photographer. =David, as you know, is a photographer. = David is a photographer, as you know.4 【易混辨析】as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别aswhich指代指代整个主句所表达的内容既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句

16、中的一部分位置as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、句中或主句之后which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后意义常常有正如，正像，关于这一点的含义which引导的从句常常说明主句的情况，和主句往往有逻辑上的因果关系。which的意思相当于and this介词+关系代词的用法part five 5 “介词关系代词”引导定语从句1） 介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，即：介词which/whom。不能用that 和who。例如：This is the teacher weve learned a lot.这就是那位老师，我们从他那里学到了很多东西Great chan

17、ges have taken place in the city we live.我们居住的城市发生了巨大的变化5 “介词关系代词”引导定语从句2）“名词/代词/数词等ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句。介词of表示整体和部分的关系John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most are family members.(2013重庆，24)约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他的家人。5 “介词关系代词”引导定语从句3） 介词which名词His wife got seriously ill， case he had to giv

18、e up the chance of going abroad.他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。4） 复合介词短语which”引导的定语从句。此结构常与先行词用逗号分开，且定语从句常用倒装语序。They arrived at the house， sat a little boy.他们到达了那所房子，房子前面坐着一个小男孩。总结1. 引导词的确定必须用还原法2. 先行词还原后如果在它前面要加上一个介词，那么说明它在定语从句中充当状语，通常用 “when/where/why” 来引导3. “when/where/why” 通常可以替换成 “介词which”(仅限于定语从句

19、中)4. 如果先行词是表示 “时间/地点/原因”的词, 引导词并不一定是 “when/where/why”，也有可能是 “which/that”，practice(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous in the world. who whom that(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.

20、which practice(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with. who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen. 单击此处添加副标题内容待续待续when, where, why 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句part six 如何来确定引导词?方法一：根据

21、先行词方法二：还原法 ( (把先行词还原到定语从句中去) )例一： The mines _ I worked were 9 km from my home. I worked _. in the mines地点状语where / in which例二： The reason _I got a job was because of my hard work.I got a job _. for the reason原因状语why / for which例三： The time _I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.I joined the ANC _. at the time时间状语when / at which例四： The government building_ we voted(投票) was very tall.We voted _. in the building地点状语where / in which例五： The date _I arrived was late at night.I arrived _. on the date时间状语when / on which