Unit 4 词汇一词一图 ppt课件-（2019）新人教版高中英语必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters一词一图一词一图Natural disasterstornadodroughtlandslidetsunamifloodvolcanic eruptiontyphoonhurricaneslide v. (slid, slid)(使使)滑行滑行;滑动滑动n.滑动，滑道，滑梯，衰落滑动，滑道，滑梯，衰落, 幻灯片幻灯片The dollar continued to slide.Mom, I want to play on a slide. (1)The river was in flood after the heavy rain.(2)All t

2、he products in the supermarket are on sale so it is flooded with customers now.(3)The boss receives a flood of applications every day.Flood v. （使）淹没；泛滥；大量涌来；（感觉或回忆）涌上心头； n.洪水，水灾；大批，大量（的人或事物）；Magnitude 巨大，重要，震级巨大，重要，震级 We did not realize the magnitude of the problem.A strong 8.2-magnitude earthquake

3、has hit the northwest coast of Chile. Magnificent 壮丽的；宏伟的；值得赞扬的rescue n./v. 营救营救;救援救援The team of volunteer lifesavers rescued a drowning man in Jiangsu province, in 2019. Mercifully, a friend came to the rescue. rescue sb. (from sth.)come to the / sb.s rescue 进行援救进行援救in ruins: destroyed or severely

4、damaged This illness has ruined my life.We visited a Roman ruin.Berlin was in ruins after World War .ruins n.&vt. 废墟，毁坏废墟，毁坏The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.The court awarded 500 in damages to the injured. Smoking damages your health.damage n. vt. 损害；损害；损失损失伤害伤害destroy vt. 摧毁摧毁；毁灭；毁灭destro

5、yer n. 破坏者；驱逐舰破坏者；驱逐舰destruction n. 摧毁；毁灭；破坏摧毁；毁灭；破坏 destructive adj. 破坏的；毁灭性破坏的；毁灭性的的The building was completely destroyed by the violent earthquake.To avoid punishment, he destroyed all the evidence. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭摧毁；毁灭ruin因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义引申意义；destr

6、oy彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，导致无用，彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味；不能或很难再修复的意味；damage对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。值、破坏功能等后果。ruin destroy damageeg She fell and injured her shoulder.Two people have been seriously injured in an accident. injure vt. 损害损害; 伤害伤害 injured adj. 受伤的受伤的 be/get injured 受伤受伤 the injured 伤

7、员伤员 injury n. 伤伤; 伤口伤口; 伤害伤害 do sb. an injury / do an injury to sb. 伤害某人伤害某人injure意外事故中受伤，或健康、名誉、感情等伤害；意外事故中受伤，或健康、名誉、感情等伤害；hurt伴有强烈疼痛的创伤，也指言行给人的情感造成伴有强烈疼痛的创伤，也指言行给人的情感造成无意的、较小的伤害；无意的、较小的伤害；hurt比比injure更为通俗，更为通俗，injure比比hurt语气强。语气强。 injure hurt wound harmwound有意伤害，尤指在受伤，伤口，也可指对感情有意伤害，尤指在受伤，伤口，也可指对感情

8、上的伤害；上的伤害；harm 表示精神或肉体上的伤害，或引起不安或不便。表示精神或肉体上的伤害，或引起不安或不便。还用于抽象事物或不道德的事。还用于抽象事物或不道德的事。Evacuate 疏散，撤离；（从危险的地方）搬出，撤空Locals were told to evacuate. Police evacuated nearby buildings.helicopter n.直升机直升机Cancer is the leading cause of death in women.I dead love the movie.Death n. 死亡死亡scare/beat sb to death吓

9、吓/打死打死某人某人death rate死亡率死亡率to the death至死，至死，到底到底die of.死于死于(内因内因) die from.死于死于(外因外因)dead adj.死的死的|adv.非常，非常，十分十分dying adj.临终的，临死的临终的，临死的be affected with 被被所苦，被所苦，被所烦扰所烦扰affection n. 影响；感情；喜爱影响；感情；喜爱 affect vt. 影响；影响；(疾病疾病)侵袭；深深打动侵袭；深深打动Its a disease which affects mainly older people. The amount of

10、rain affects the growth of crops. All the people in the room were affected by her tearseffect n. 结果；作用；影响结果；作用；影响have an effect on 对对有影响有影响affect, effect & influenceaffect v.使使产生变化；对产生变化；对有影响，有影响，affect =put / have an effect oneffect n. (因某事物而导致的因某事物而导致的)变化，常与介词变化，常与介词 on搭配。搭配。have a good/bad effect

11、 on sth./sb.influence n.&v. 通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察的，生不易觉察的，潜移默化潜移默化的影响。动词时，的影响。动词时，宾语常是人、思想、性格、行为等；名词时，宾语常是人、思想、性格、行为等；名词时，常接常接on, upon, over, with等介词短语。等介词短语。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) How do you think the changes will _ you? 你认为这些变化会如何影响你？你认为这些变化会如何影响你？2) What _ do you think the c

12、hanges will _ you? 你认为这些变化会给你带来什么样的影响？你认为这些变化会给你带来什么样的影响？3) _ by a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. 在一位高中生物老师的影响下，他开始从事医学研究。在一位高中生物老师的影响下，他开始从事医学研究。 affecteffecthave onInfluencedPeople were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire.Trees are a shelter from the sun.Sh

13、elter n.避难处；居所；避难处；居所；庇护庇护vt.保护；保护；掩蔽掩蔽 vi.躲避躲避(风雨或危险）风雨或危险）Shelter sb/sth from.使某人使某人/物免受物免受under the shelter of.在在的掩护的掩护下下give sb shelter庇护庇护某人某人Crack n.裂缝裂缝，裂纹，裂纹；爆裂；爆裂声，噼啪声，噼啪声声v.使破裂使破裂The ice started to crack. Water seeped from a crack in the pipe. gas n. 气体气体；气体燃料；气体燃料The price of gas is comin

14、g down. Helium is a very light gas. As if 犹如犹如，好似，好像好似，好像I had a sensation of falling, as if in a dream. I dont feel as if I belong here. Percent百分之百分之：95 percent of these diets do not work.Costs have been cut by 30 to 50 percent. 65 percent of 65 的的Percent不加复数，不加复数，谓语动词单复数由谓语动词单复数由of后名词决定后名词决定【拓展拓展

15、】some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of 以及以及“分数分数/百分数百分数 + of+名词名词”做主语时，谓语动做主语时，谓语动词单复数由词单复数由of后面的名词或代词后面的名词或代词的单复数决定。的单复数决定。eg A lot of parcels (包裹包裹) are transported to all over China during the “Double11” festival every year.A lot of money has been wasted for

16、 no reason.More than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.Bricks n.砖砖 A brick crashed through the window. The school is built of brick. metal n.金属金属A brick crashed through the window. The school is built of brick. shock n. 震惊震惊；休克休克 vt. (使使)震惊震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊震惊；吃惊 shocked adj. 惊愕的惊愕的

17、 (人人) shocking adj. (物物) It was a real shock to hear that the factory would have to close.Rescue workers were shocked by what they saw.He looked at me in shock.electricity n. 电，电流，电力；强烈感情电，电流，电力；强烈感情He cannot fix the electricity.He thought of another way of making electricity.trap vt.使落入险境；落入圈套使落入险境

18、；落入圈套 n.险境；险境；陷阱陷阱The only way to catch mice is to set a trap.Theres no way out! Were trapped!Were you just trying to trap her into making some admission? be trapped in 被困在被困在中；陷入中；陷入中中trap sb. into doing sth. 陷害陷害/诱骗某人做某诱骗某人做某事事set a trap to do sth. 设圈套做某事设圈套做某事walk into a trap 落入落入圈套圈套bury vt. 埋葬；

19、安葬埋葬；安葬The house was buried under tenfoot snow.He was buried with his wife.Youll have to bury yourself in your studies if you want to pass the entrance examinations. bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于埋头于；专心于breathe vt.&vi. 呼吸呼吸Its good for people to breathe fresh air.Please breathe in and then breathe out slow

20、ly. breath n. 呼吸呼吸 hold ones breath 屏息屏息; 屏气屏气 take a deep breath 深呼吸深呼吸 lose ones breath 喘不过气来喘不过气来 out of breath 气喘吁吁气喘吁吁 catch ones breath 恢复正常呼吸恢复正常呼吸revive v.（使）复原，（使）复苏；使）复原，（使）复苏；the great revival of the Chinese nation The economy is beginning to revive. revival n. survive v.生存，存活，比生存，存活，比活得长

21、活得长I cant survive on $40 a week.Many strange customs have survived from earlier times.Few buildings survived the earthquake. The man survived his elder sister by three years. survival n.幸存，存活幸存，存活 survivor n. 幸存者幸存者survive sth. 在在之后仍然生存之后仍然生存survive sb.(by .) 比某人活得长比某人活得长survive on 靠靠(很少钱很少钱)继续维持生活继

22、续维持生活survive from 从从存活下来；流传下来存活下来；流传下来 effort n.努力；艰难尝试，尽力努力；艰难尝试，尽力We should spare no effort to protect our environment.You have to make every effort to appear without effort.make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事尽一切努力做某事spare no effort 不遗余力不遗余力; 尽力尽力with (an) effort 努力地努力地without

23、effort 毫不费力地毫不费力地 unify v. （使）联合，（使）统一；使协调（使）联合，（使）统一；使协调The new leader hopes to unify the country. wisdom n. 智慧，才智；明智；智慧，才智；明智；Experience is the mother of wisdom. Do you value wisdom or courage? Context n. 背景，环境；上下文，语境背景，环境；上下文，语境His decision can only be understood in context. Skilled readers make

24、use of context and prediction. suffer vt. 遭受；遭受；蒙受蒙受 vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦I cant suffer the pain in my heart.My father suffers from high blood pressure.Mr. White suffered a lot from cold and hunger.suffering n. 痛苦痛苦, 苦恼；劳苦苦恼；劳苦, 困难困难suffer from 受受折磨；患折磨；患病病volcano n. 火山火山He is painting a

25、huge volcano.The active volcano may erupt anytime.supply n.供应供应(量量);补给补给;pl. 补给品补给品 v. 供应供应;供供Demand is outstripping supply. The electricity supply here is quite erratic. Food is in short supply all over the country. provide, offer, supply词义词义用法用法provide 提供所需物，生活提供所需物，生活必需品。必需品。provide sth. for sb.

26、/ provide sb. with sth. offer提供帮助、服务或提供帮助、服务或向往之物。向往之物。常接动词不定式作宾语，常接动词不定式作宾语，或双宾语。或双宾语。offer sth. to sb.supply 供给所需或所要求供给所需或所要求之物，范围更广。之物，范围更广。supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to/for sb.in the open air adj. 露天；在户外露天；在户外We sleep out under the stars, and eat our meals in the open air. Power n. 控制力，操

27、控力；权力，职权；统治，政权控制力，操控力；权力，职权；统治，政权；电力；电力He used fear and terror to stay in power. After the serious disease he lost the power of speech.A car needs a lot of power to go fast.in power adj. 执政的；掌权的；当权执政的；掌权的；当权的的strength 人的体力、力气、强度、优点。尤指人的体力、力气、强度、优点。尤指承受重物的力量承受重物的力量force武力；暴力；力量：指人或事物撞击武力；暴力；力量：指人或事物撞

28、击所用的力；复数形式：兵力，军队所用的力；复数形式：兵力，军队energy人的精力，活力人的精力，活力power人的某种能力；机器的动力；人、国人的某种能力；机器的动力；人、国家或某个机构的权力。家或某个机构的权力。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) It is beyond my _ to help you. 我没有能力帮助你。我没有能力帮助你。2) I dont have the _ to deal with it right now. 我现在没有精力处理这件事情。我现在没有精力处理这件事情。3) The soldiers took the prisoners away by _

29、. 士兵强行把犯人带走了。士兵强行把犯人带走了。4) Tolerance is one of her many _. 宽容是她的一个优点。宽容是她的一个优点。 powerenergyforcestrengthsturn on /off the tap The tap water is usable.tap sb on the shoulderSomeone is tapping at the door.tap v. 轻叩轻叩;轻敲轻敲;轻拍轻拍 n.水龙头水龙头;轻叩轻叩;轻敲轻敲 Pipe n. Workmen cut a hole in the pipe.Plastic pipe is s

30、old in lengths.Both teams are on the ice, waiting for the whistle. whistle n. 哨子；口哨声；哨子声哨子；口哨声；哨子声The emergency exit is at the back of the bus. The government had to take emergency action. emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况；急症病人，急诊病人突发事件，紧急情况；急症病人，急诊病人；calm vt. (使使)平静平静; (使使)镇静镇静 adj. 镇静的镇静的; 沉着的沉着的calm oneself

31、 使自己平静下来使自己平静下来calm down 平静，镇静，安静平静，镇静，安静stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静保持镇静Calm down, man. Whats the trouble?She was unable to calm herself because she lost her keys.Although his bike was broken, he tried to keep calm about it.calm意为意为“镇静的，平静的镇静的，平静的”，指不受干扰时的宁静、平，指不受干扰时的宁静、平静，如天气、海洋的静，如天气、海洋的“平静平静”；用于人时

32、，指；用于人时，指“沉着，沉着，镇定，安宁镇定，安宁”quiet意为意为“安静的，静止的安静的，静止的”，指寂静的状态，没有吵闹、，指寂静的状态，没有吵闹、骚乱或指人的娴静、骚乱或指人的娴静、文静文静，也可指活动的停息，也可指活动的停息silent意为意为“沉默的，无言的沉默的，无言的”，主要用于人，指不发出声，主要用于人，指不发出声音或不说话，强调无声音或不说话，强调无声的状态的状态still意为意为“不动的，静止的，寂静的不动的，静止的，寂静的”，仅指物理上的静，仅指物理上的静止状态止状态aid n. 帮助；援助，救助帮助；援助，救助；助手；助手；v. 帮助，援助；促进，有助于帮助，援助；

33、促进，有助于Food aid is urgently needed.He aids me in English.I made progress with the aid of my teacher. with the aid/help of sb.do/give offer/perform/carry out first aidaid sb.with sth. aid sb.to do sth.aid sb.in (doing) sth.kit n. 成套工具，成套设备；配套元件成套工具，成套设备；配套元件Bring a first aid kit and know how to use it

34、. We lost 90% of our emergency kit.On hand 在在手边；在场；即将发生手边；在场；即将发生There are experts on hand to give you all the help and advice.Have the necessary medications on hand. on the other hand 另一方面另一方面shake hands 握手握手in hand 在在手头手头；在；在控制控制中中out of hand 无法无法控制控制Crash v. 撞车，坠毁；猛撞，发出巨响撞车，坠毁；猛撞，发出巨响； n. 撞车事故，失事

35、；巨响，碰撞声；撞车事故，失事；巨响，碰撞声；Its still unclear what caused the car crash. He drove after drinking and crashed his car into a wall. Crash into 撞到撞到上，闯入上，闯入Crash sth. downsweep v. 打扫打扫；清扫；清扫 n.打扫，扫除；打扫，扫除；Ben swept the path in front of the house.A sudden feeling of grief swept all my anger away.sweep away 消

36、灭消灭；彻底；彻底消除消除sweep the floor 扫地扫地strike (struck, struck/ stricken) v侵袭；突击；侵袭；突击；击打；突然想到；报时击打；突然想到；报时 n.罢工；罢课；袭击罢工；罢课；袭击A strike has shut the factory. The tree was struck by lightning . An awful thought has just struck me.As the old saying goes, strike while the iron is hot.The clock was striking ten

37、 as we went into the church. on strike 罢工，罢工罢工，罢工中中CounterStrike 反恐精英反恐精英deliver vt.&vi. 递送；递送；传达；发表；传达；发表；接生，分娩接生，分娩We deliver your order to your door. The king delivered a speech to the nation on Nov 5th.Carrie was delivered of a girl last night. deliver a babydeliver a speech length n.长，长度长，长度The river in my hometown is 300 meters in length. At length the bus arrived, forty minutes late.Sometimes we should hold people at arms length.at length 终于终于;长时间长时间in length 长度长度at arms length 在伸手可及在伸手可及处处