Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures （RestrictiveRelativeClause） ppt课件-（2019）新人教版高中英语必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersPeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句定语从句The Attributive Clause1.What is attribute?2.What is the restrictive relative clause?3.Relative word4.TipsCONTENTSWhat is attribute?1、My brother likes playing basketball.2、I have something important to tell you.3、The boy in blue i

2、s Tom.4、The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.在句中修饰在句中修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的成分成分叫定语。叫定语。常译为：常译为：“的的”4They are talking about a maths problem.It is very near from here to his school.The man upstairs is a professor of Shandong University.The picture on the wall was drawn by my daughter.The dormitory

3、 built last year is for freshmen. There are ten students in the classroom. 限定词限定词+名词名词形物代形物代形容词形容词介短介短分词分词Summary:1st:定语位置？定语位置？2nd:什么可以做定语？什么可以做定语？ 数词数词What is the relative/attributive clause?1、Definition2、FormWhich robot do you prefer?Robot?Hi, I can clean the house.Hello, I can play the guitar.I

4、prefer the robot can play the guitarwhichthe robotThe robotI have read the book is called Jane Eyre.whichthe bookThe bookI love the boy is very kind and handsome.whothe boyThe boy简化图示简化图示The structure of the Attributive Clause:共有词共有词主句：主句：从句：从句：共有词共有词关系词关系词主句主句 从句从句先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句 The man who r

5、an fastest is Liuxiang.先行词先行词(antecedent)关系词关系词(relatives)定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clause)注意注意:1.1.先行词一定是名词或者是代词先行词一定是名词或者是代词. .2. 2. 关系词处在先行词和定语从句之间关系词处在先行词和定语从句之间主句主句3.3.从句一般情况下都紧跟着先行词从句一般情况下都紧跟着先行词. .PracticeUse the Relatives to combine two sentences into one.The woman is a teacher.She lives next doo

6、r.The woman is a teacher.who lives next doorThe tree is very old.It is in front of my houseThe tree is very old.which is in front of my house 121. She is a bank teller. She helped us open an account.2. Mr. Li is an architect. His designs for the new town have won praise.3. The supplies were provided

7、 to the disaster area. They where collected from around the country.4. She is feeding the baby. The baby survived the earthquake.She is a bank teller who helped us open an account.Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.The supplies which were provided to the disaster a

8、rea were collected from around the country.She is feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.Summary: 什么是定语从句？ 定语从句的功能？ 定语从句的构成？ 定语从句的写法？13Relative Word1、Function2、Classification关系词关系词指代先行词指代先行词连接主句和从句连接主句和从句在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分Relative Word16Relative Pronoun关系代词 Relative Adverb关系副词关系限定词关系代词的选用取决于被修饰词

9、（先行词）关系代词的选用取决于被修饰词（先行词）which, who, whom, that, whose, asWhere, when, whyRelative Pronoun关系代词 The fish (which) I bought this morning was not fresh. They ignored the details which might account for the accident. You are concerned about people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake. Danny was the m

10、an (who) we rescued from the ruins. Zhong Nanshan is our national hero (whom) we should respect. The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. This is the suitcase (that) she is looking for. This is a book that interests me. China is not the country (that) it was.

11、She is the girl whose brother works abroad.17指物，作宾语指物，作主语指人，作宾语指人，作主语指人，作宾语指人，作主语指物，作宾语指物，作主语指物，作表语指的,表所属关系，作定语关系代词关系代词as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。 它常用在它常用在 the sameas，such as.等结构中等结构中as不能省略。不能省略。Such reasons _we give can persuade him to give up his foolish

12、 plan.Ill buy the same dictionary_ you have.as as 当先行词被当先行词被 the same修饰时，也可用修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句引导定语从句 但指同一物，而不是同一类。但指同一物，而不是同一类。This is the same bike_ l lost two months ago这就是两个月前我丢的一辆自行车。This is the same bike _l lost two months ago这辆自行跟两个月前我丢的那辆一样。thatas( (同一辆自行同一辆自行车车) )( (同样的自行车，但不是同一辆同样的自行车，但不是同一辆

13、) )19关系代词关系代词先行词先行词在句子所做的成分在句子所做的成分Show timethatwhichwhomwho人、物人、物物物人人人人主语、宾语主语、宾语主语、宾语主语、宾语宾语宾语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人、物人、物定语定语as人、物人、物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语20PS.关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。(whom /who/that )昨天晚上我们看的两部电影非常吓人The film that /which we saw it last night was very frigh

14、tening.The film (that /which) we saw last night was very frightening. 关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。那就是你前几天所提的女孩吗?Is that the girl you spoke of the other day.判断关系代词的步骤判断关系代词的步骤steps：21确定先行词表述的是“人” 还是“物”Step 1：找出先行词看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（主语、宾语）Step 2：找到谓语动词（前主谓/介后宾）选择合适的关系词Step 3：找到定语从句例句分析例句分析22这是一本吸引了很多人的书。(i

15、nterest)句子主干：这是一本书。This is a book.这本书吸引了很多人The book interests many people.Step 1：被限定的名词，即先行词为：a book，指代物指代物的关系词为which/thatStep 2：谓语动词为 interest宾语：many peopleStep 3：谓语动词前缺失主语成分，先行词=关系词，a book，指代物，作主语，关系代词为which/that，三单主语，动词为三单which/that interests many people关系代词既作主语又作引导词This is a book which/that inte

16、rests many people.猜一猜！看谁反应快!1. The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang.2. The girl _ I met is Lucy. 3. A child _parents are dead is called Tom.4. I like the book _ you bought yesterday. 5. We shall never forget the days _we spent together. 6. I like the person _you just talked.7. I have a room _wind

17、ow faces south.8. Rose is the person you should care about.9. I know the person_ house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.who, thatwhom, that, who, /whosethat, which, /that, which, /to whomwhose用适当的关系代词填空用适当的关系代词填空whom, that, who, /whoseTips1. 只能用that不用which的情况2. 只用which不用that的情况3. 只用who的情况4. 表

18、所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用whose转换。(1) 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等等不定代词不定代词时。时。I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.(2)先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books _ you lend me. 1、只能用、只能用that不用不用which的情况的情况(that)t

19、hatDo you have anything _ you dont understand?(that)Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.that(3)先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the first book _ he has read.(that)It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.that(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。T

20、his is the very book _ belongs to him.thatHe is the only person _ was present at the time.that(6)先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句。引导的主句。 (7)先行词在从句中作先行词在从句中作表表语语 (5)先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时。时。The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.thatthatthatthatWho is the girl _ drove t

21、he car? The village is no longer the one _ it used to be. He is no longer the boy _ he used to be. Which is the T-shirt fits me most?that(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。介词作宾语（介词提前）。 2、只用、只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。 under whichon whichwhichThere are many trees they c

22、an have a rest.This is the ring she spent 1000 dollars.Football, _ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.(3) 当先行词本身为当先行词本身为指示代词指示代词 that 时时What about that which had appeared in recent activities.那个怎么样，在最近的活动中出现过. (结合具体语境看that所指代的是什么)3、只用、只用who的情况的情况One _ has nothing to fear dares to t

23、ell the truth.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.whowhowhowho先行词是先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用时用who.4、定语从句中的主谓一致、定语从句中的主谓一致31 关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据谓语动词的形式

24、根据_的形式确定的形式确定. .The old town has narrow streets and small houses that_ built close to each other.Im fond of that Piece of music which _popular with the teenage.先行词先行词are is one of+复数名词复数名词+ +定语从句定语从句( (复数谓语复数谓语) ) the only one of+复数名词复数名词+ +定语从句定语从句( (单数谓语单数谓语) )2He is one of the students who_ a goo

25、d command of French.他是精通法语的学生之。他是精通法语的学生之。( the students为先行词为先行词)He is the only one of the students who_ a good command of French.他是学生中唯一精通法语的。他是学生中唯一精通法语的。( the only one为先行词为先行词)havehas4、 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用有时可用whose转换。转换。Im painting a house _ is round.2) They live in

26、 a house, _ windows face south.They live in a house, the windows _ face south. of whichwhoseof whichwhose roof1) Im painting a house, the roof _ is round.1.1. 引导词用错引导词用错. . 如：如：The book which cover is green was lost yesterday.( (应改为应改为_) _) 2.2. 语序用错语序用错. . 如：如：Is there anything else that can I do f

27、or you? ( (应应改为改为_) _) 3.3. 无先行词如：无先行词如：Is this museum _ you visited last Saturday? ( (应该填应该填_ )_ ) Is this the museum _ we visited last Saturday? ( (应该填应该填_ )_ )4.4.关系词代替的成分在从句中又出现。如：关系词代替的成分在从句中又出现。如： Do you know the boy whom / who / that I talked with him just now? ( (应改为应改为_ )_ )whoseI canthe on

28、ethat定语从句常犯的问题定语从句常犯的问题him/Are you clear now?OK . Lets do some exercise!Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or “/”Then translate the sentences into Chinese.361. Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up al

29、l the people _ were asleep.3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4. Several days later, most of the buildings _had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5. The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6. The woma

30、n wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _she was rescued.7. Is this the young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings.that或或whichthat或或/who或或thatwhosewho或或thatwhomwhoseRelative Adverb关系副词关系副词37时间时间地点地点原因原因It was a time when people were divided geographically. 那是一个人们在地理上被分开的时代

31、。Beijing is the place where I was born.北京是我出生的地方。 Is this the reason why he refused to offer help.这是他拒绝帮忙的理由吗？关系副词有关系副词有什么作用？什么作用？如果定语从句的如果定语从句的主语主语位和位和宾语宾语位都被占，位都被占，则关系词不能为关系代词则关系词不能为关系代词关系副词关系副词when: 先行词为表示时间的名词，在定语从句中作时间状语；如：day, time, holiday, year, times(时代), period(期间) , point(时刻)等；when常可以替换成d

32、uring/ on/ in/at whichBy the time _ you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。Each time _ he goes on a business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带着生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他东西。定语从句的主语位已占定语从句的主语位已占谓语动词谓语动词定语从句的宾语位

33、已占定语从句的宾语位已占when 定语从句的主语位已占定语从句的主语位已占谓语动词谓语动词定语从句的宾语位已占定语从句的宾语位已占when 关系副词where: 先行词为表示地点的名词，在定语从句中作地点状语；如：place, school, hotel, city, country, factory, park, yard等；where常可以替换成 on/ in/at whichI still remember the place _ I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方。Thats the hotel _ we are staying

34、next week. 这就是我们下周要住的旅馆。This is the village _ he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。where 先行词先行词定语从句的主语已占定语从句的主语已占, 而且而且stay为不及物为不及物先行词先行词先行词先行词where where 定语从句的主语已占定语从句的主语已占, 而且而且“出生出生”后面不能后面不能 带宾语带宾语定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占关系副词why: 先行词为reason，在定语从句中作原因状语； why常可以替换成for whichWe dont know the reason _ he didnt

35、show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。She didnt tell me the reason _ she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占why why 先行词先行词先行词先行词定语从句的主语位已占定语从句的主语位已占, show up为不及物动词短语为不及物动词短语The main reason _ he lost his job was that he drank. 他丢掉工作的原因是他酗酒。We all didnt believe the reason _he explained to

36、us.我们都不相信他向我们解释的那个原因。注意辨析注意辨析先行词先行词先行词先行词定语从句的主语位已占定语从句的主语位已占,谓语动词谓语动词explained为及物动词，为及物动词，先行词在先行词在explained后作宾语后作宾语why which/that 定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占将介词将介词+ +先行词先行词还原到定语从句中还原到定语从句中Do you remember the day _ you joined the singing club？你 还记得你加入唱歌俱乐部的那一天吗？先行词先行词定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占whe

37、n/ on which you joined the singing club on the day,在先行词前加介词on，作定语从句的时间状语 将介词将介词+ +先行词先行词还原到定语从句中还原到定语从句中This is the house _I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。先行词先行词定语从句的主语位已占，谓语动词定语从句的主语位已占，谓语动词live为不及物动词为不及物动词where/ in which 还原定语从句为I lived in the house在先行词前加介词in，作定语从句的地点状语 定语从句的谓语动词为不及物动词将介词将介词+ +先

38、行词先行词还原到定语从句中还原到定语从句中The boss accepted the reason _he was not available for the meeting. 老板接受了他没有参加会议的原因。先行词先行词定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占why/ for which he was not available for the meeting for the reason在先行词前加介词for，作定语从句的原因状语 Those days_you could travel without a passport has gone.那些你不用带护照可以旅行的日子一

39、去不复返了。Thats the motel _we stayed several years ago.那是我们许多年以前住过的汽车旅馆。The house _ I bought has a lovely garden.我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园。The house _ I m living has a lovely garden.我住房子带着个漂亮的花园。Give me one good reason _ I should help you. 给我一个我应该帮助你的充分的理由。when/on whichwhere/at whichthat/whichwhere/in whichwhy/for

40、which根据汉义用定语从句补全句子1. There are many reasons_.(人们学习一门外语的）2. He couldnt remember the place_(他藏钱的).3. Are you the person_(他们正在寻找的).4. For the young people _(想出国学习的)our school is a good choice.5. The days_(中国人被人看不起的) are gone.6. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _ (他长大

41、的)as a child.7. This is the reason _.(他开会迟到的)why people learn a foreign languagewhere he hid the moneywhom they are looking forwho want to go abroad to study when Chinese were looked down uponwhere he grew up why he was late for the meetingUnderline the clauses in the sentences and decide whether th

42、ey are restrictive relative clauses or object clauses.1. The reason why he found German so difficult was because of its grammar.2. A: Have you decided where we should go for our holiday yet? B: After learning for two years, I really want to visit a country where French is spoken.3. According to an o

43、ld story, there was once a time when the whole world spoke only one language.4. This passage introduces how Chinese characters have changed over time.a restrictive relative clausea restrictive relative clausea restrictive relative clausean object clausean object clause要点：名词后跟定语从句要点：名词后跟定语从句 动词后跟宾语从句

44、动词后跟宾语从句Fill in the blanks :(using relatives pronouns) There was a typhoon _ attacked Huzhou on Oct. 7th this year. It was a strong typhoon _ stayed in Zhejiang for a long time. It brought strong wind and heavy rain, _ caused a lot of damage. More than 5 million people went through the typhoon, amon

45、g _ many people were trapped or injured. Many buildings fell down. It caused flood and mud-rock flow in many places, _ resulted in a loss of more than 4.5 billion money. Teams were organized to rescue those _ were trapped and help was given to those _ suffered from the typhoon. Luckily, it was repor

46、ted that no one was killed.thatthat / whichwhichwhomwhichwhowho 瞧，这是一张我们班级的照片。我们班是一个由瞧，这是一张我们班级的照片。我们班是一个由2727个男个男生和生和2626个女生组成的大家庭。那个留着短发的女老师是个女生组成的大家庭。那个留着短发的女老师是我们的班主任周老师。班长是一个喜欢体育的男孩。你我们的班主任周老师。班长是一个喜欢体育的男孩。你能找出他吗？站在第三排中间最高的那个就是我们的班能找出他吗？站在第三排中间最高的那个就是我们的班长长李明。笑得最开心的是我那可爱的同桌。我永远李明。笑得最开心的是我那可爱的同桌

47、。我永远不会忘记那些我们一起学习和生活的难忘的日子。不会忘记那些我们一起学习和生活的难忘的日子。能力提升能力提升写一篇含有多个定语从句的文章写一篇含有多个定语从句的文章 Look！This is a photo of our class. Our class is a big family which is made up of 27 boys and 26 girls. The woman teacher who wears short hair is our head teacher，Miss Zhou. Our monitor is a boy who likes sports. Can

48、 you find him out？The tallest boy who is standing in the middle of Line 3 is our monitorLi Ming. The girl whose smile is the biggest is my lovely deskmate. I will never forget the unforgettable days when we studied and lived together带定语从句的谚语带定语从句的谚语：1. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。自助者天助之。2. He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。Homework:1. Make 5 sentences to describe the important person and your favorite thing in your life.2. Review the Attributive ClauseThanks