人教版(2019)新教材高中英语必修第一册第四单元词汇学案.doc

1、人教版(2019)新教材高中英语必修第一册第四单元词汇学案UNIT FOUR 1. disaster dz:st(r): n.灾难; 灾害1)The earthquake is a natural disaster.2)An air disaster happened in India yesterday.3)They overcame the natural disaster and even had a good harvest. 2. tornado t:ned (-oes/-os): n. 龙卷风; 旋风1)When a tornado touches the ground, it d

2、oes a lot of damage.2)I felt the tornado was right over our house. 3)A tornados speed may reach up to 480 km per hour.3. drought drat : n. 旱灾; 久旱flood fld: n.洪水; 水灾The summer drought has killed at least two thousand animals in Africa.4. landslide lndslad: n. (landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡land: n. 陆地; 大地;

3、土地slide: v. 滑行;滑动The ten-hour heavy rain caused lots of landslides in the small country. 5. slide slad (slid, slid): v. (使)滑行;滑动1)Its fun to slide on the ice.2)Boys like to slide over ice.3)The boy slid into the first seat.4)A truck slid into the river.6. tsunami tsu:n:mi : n. 海啸1)More than 200,000

4、people lost their lives in the 2004 tsunami.2)When the tsunami struck the islands, only five people were killed.7. flood fld: n. 洪水;大量 v. 淹没; 大量涌入; 使灌满水blood: n. 血a flood of (人/东西): 大量的; 大批的1)The river has flooded the whole village.2)The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.3)Mo

5、re than 20 people were killed in the floods.8. volcanic eruption vlknk rpn: 火山喷发The place was recently visited by a serious volcanic eruption.9. magnitude mntju:d : n. (地)震级; 重大the/a magnitude 9 earthquake: 九级地震1)What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Ecuador?2)The earthquake measured 7.8 on th

6、e Richter scale.10. rescue reskju: : n./v. 营救;救援a rescue team: 救援队a rescue worker: 救援人员1)They rescued the boy from the earthquake.2)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?11. damage dmd : v. 损害;破坏 n.损坏; 损失; 赔偿金(复数)do damage/harm to: 对造成损害1)His car was badly damaged in t

7、he accident.2)This kind of light will do damage to your eyes. 12. destroy dstr: v. 摧毁; 毁灭 (destroyed/destroying)1)About 2,400 homes were destroyed in the wildfire.2)The fire destroyed several paintings at the museum.3)Many good men have been destroyed by drink. (damage destroy ruin)damage: 指部分性的,不严重

8、的破坏 。destroy: 严重的破坏 ,往往不可修复。ruin: 比destroy造成的破坏更严重。也可指破坏名声,期望等等。 1)Their houses were damaged by the earthquake.2)The enemy destroyed/ruined the city.3)The storm ruined the crops.13. evacuate vkjuet: v. 疏散; 撤出; 撤离1)Almost 8,800 people were evacuated before the typhoon.2)The soldiers were evacuated fr

9、om the front.3)Since 2010, 50,000 people have been evacuated from that poor area. 4)They had all evacuated when the enemy reached the city.14. helicopter helkpt(r) : n. 直升机Planes and helicopters were used to fight the fire.15. death de: n. 死;死亡die: v. 死亡 dead: adj. 死的pass away: 去世deadly: 致命的1)The wi

10、ldfire caused no deaths and no injuries.2)The flood caused eight deaths.16. affect fekt: v. 影响; (疾病)侵袭; 感染; 深深打动effect: n. 影响; 效果effort: n. 努力make an/no effort to do.: (没)努力做.have an/no effect on/upon.: 对.有/无影响/效果1)In the flood 82 people were killed and 500,000 people were affected.2)Their opinions

11、will not affect my decision. 3)They were deeply affected/moved/touched/struck by her words.17. shelter elt: n. 避难处;居所;庇护 v. 保护; 掩蔽; 躲避(风/雨/危险)shelter/protect .from.: 保护.免遭.1)Shelters were set up for the homeless by the government.2)We must shelter/protect the people from the hurricane.18. crack krk:

12、 n. 裂纹;裂缝 v. (使)破裂There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.19. as if/though: 似乎;好像;仿佛even if/though: 即使; 纵然; 虽然1)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.2)It looks as if it is going to rain hard.20. ruin ru:n: n./v. 破坏;毁坏 (be/lie) in ruins : 严重受损; 破败不堪; 成废墟1)In less than one mi

13、nute, a large city lay in ruins.2)The bad weather will ruin your trip.3)The flood ruined lots of the houses. 21. percent psent: n. 百分之 . = per centAbout 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone.22. brick brk: n. 砖; 砖块brics: 金砖国家(金砖国

14、家指的是巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非) 这五个国家的英语名称分别是: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South AfricaBricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.23. metal metl: n. 金属medal: n. 奖章; 勋章model: n. 模特儿modern: adj. 现代的; 现代化的The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.24. shock k: v.

15、(使)震惊 n.震惊; 令人震惊的事; 休克 shocked: adj. (人/动物) 震惊的shocking: adj. 令人/使人震惊的be shocked at/by.: 对.感到震惊1)The woman died of shock last night.2)His sudden death was a great shock to his family.3)The news will shock the whole world.4)He was very much shocked at the news.5)The news is shocking. (surprise - surp

16、rised - surprising) (shock - shocked - shocking)25. in shock: 震惊; 吃惊in surprise: 惊奇地People were in shock and then, later that afternoon, another quake shook Tangshan again.26. electricity ,lektrst: n. 电;电能power: n. 电力; 电力供应; 力量university: n. 大学make/produce electricity: 发电1)Water, food and electricit

17、y were hard to get.2)The power is/went out. 停电了。3)The power came back again. 电来了。27. trap trp: n. 险境;陷阱v. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 set/lay a trap(for): 设陷阱(捕)be/become trapped in: 陷入1)They have laid a trap for the Japanese soldiers.2)She was trapped in the burning house last night.28. bury beri : v. 埋葬; 安葬bury o

18、neself in.: 专心致志于.1)Soon after the quake, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.2)His grandfather was buried alive by the Japanese soldiers. 29. breathe bri: v.呼吸breath bre: n.呼吸take a (deep) breath: 呼吸hold ones breath： 屏住呼吸out of breath：上气

19、不接下气1)Slowly the city began to breathe again.2)He breathed deeply before speaking again.3)The air is so cold that we can hardly breathe.30. revive rvav : v. 复活;(使)苏醒revise: v.修改;修订;复习1)Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. (重新站起来) 2)Some water will soon revive the plant. 3)T

20、he nurse failed to revive the child. 31. revival rvavl: n. 振兴; 复苏32. effort eft : n.努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力make an/no effort to do.: (没)努力做.1)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquakes ruins.2)We must make an effort to ach

21、ieve our big dreams.33. unify ju:nfa: v. 统一; (使)成一体1)The new leader hopes to unify the country.2)Emperor Qinshihuang unified China in 221 B.C.3)Germany was unified again in 1990.34. wisdom wzdm: n.智慧;才智wise: adj. 明智的; 英明的1)Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of

22、disaster, people must unify and show the wisdomto stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.2)You can do the work well with knowledge and wisdom.35. context kntekst : n. 上下文; 语境;背景text tekst: n. 课文; 文本; 短信1)If you continue reading, the context will probably help you understand what the word me

23、ans.2)Can you guess the meaning of the word from the context?36. suffer sf(r): vt. 遭受; 蒙受 vi. (因疾病/痛苦/悲伤等)受苦 suffer from.: 因而痛苦;患有(疾病等)suffer pain/defeat/hunger/cold/trouble: 经历/遭受1)Some were found alive,though they were suffering from terrible injuries.2) She is more likely to suffer from heart dis

24、ease.37. volcano vlken : n. 火山【volcanoes/ volcanos 】38. erupt rpt: v. (火山)爆发; (岩浆/烟等)喷出1)The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.2)An active volcano may erupt at any time.3)The volcano erupted last year, killing about 137 people.39. supply spla: n. 供应(量);补给; 复数 补

25、给品 v. 供应; 供给supply sb with= supplyto/for sb: 向提供= provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb = offer sb sth = offer sth to sb1)Our emergency supplies are running out.2)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the world.3)We will supply enough water and food for

26、the poor people.40. typhoon tafu:n : 台风The typhoon struck/hit many countries in Asia.41. in the open (air): 露天;在户外The film will be shown in the open air tonight. 42. hurricane hrkn : n. 飓风; 风暴1)HurricaneBetty ismovingtothewestatabout30milesperhour.2)Six days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Can

27、ada.43. survive svav: vt. 幸存;艰难度过 vi.生存;存活survivalsvav()l：n. 生存;幸存; 幸存物survivor svav: n. 幸存者survive the earthquake/fire/flood/war: 从.中幸存/活下来1)She is feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.2)Many animals wont survive the cold winter.44. power pa(r) : n. 电力供应; 力量; 控制力1)The worker have turned off

28、/on the power.2)There will be a power failure tonight. 3)The power is/went out. 停电了。4)The power came back again. 电来了。5)Knowledge is power.45. tap tp: v. 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍 n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲tap on/at.: 轻敲.knock on/at.: 敲.1)She has turned on/off all the taps.2)Grace tapped on/at the office door and went in. 46. pipe

29、pap: n. 管子;管道 1)Ifthepipeburstsitcouldfloodthewholehouse.2) The workercutaholeinthegas pipe.47. whistle wsl : v. 吹口哨;发出笛声 n. 哨子(声);呼啸声1)After an earthquake (if you are trapped in a room), you can tap on a pipe or a wall or whistle for help.2)Far away in the distance, a train whistled.3)The coach fin

30、ally blew the whistle to stop the game.4)The train whistle blew as we left the station. 48. emergency im:dnsi: n. 突发事件;紧急情况emergency shelter: 应急避难场所1)You can call an emergency number when you are trapped in a fire.2)This door should only be used in an emergency.3)The local government had to take eme

31、rgency action.49. calm k:m : adj. 镇静的;沉着的 v. 使平静;使镇静calmly: adv.镇定自若地; 镇静地calmness: n.冷静; 镇静; 平静calm down: 平静; 镇静;安静1)Stay calm no matter what happens.2)It is important to keep/remain calm in an emergency.3)He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.50. aid ed: n. 援助; 帮助; 救援物资 v. (formal)帮助; 援助

32、1)Some westerncountrieshaveofferedaid after the earthquake.2)The poor people were aided by the UN.51. kit kt: n. 成套工具;成套设备 tool: n. 工具1)Where is my football kit? 2) I forgot my gym kit. 52. first aid kit: 急救箱1)First, bring a first aid kit and know how to use it. 2)Is there a first aid kit on every f

33、loor of the factory?53. on hand: 现有(尤指帮助)in hand: 手头现有的1)I will explain what emergency supplies people shoud have on hand.2)I have no money on/in hand to buy some food for you.54. crash kr: v. 碰撞;撞击; 坠毁 n. 撞车;碰撞; 坠毁crash into.: 碰撞.车辆 + hit/strike sb/sth: 车辆碰撞.1)His eldest son was killed in a car cra

34、sh a few years ago.2)A small plane crashed near the island of Taiwan.3)The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in India, Indonesia,Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.55. s

35、weep swi:p ( swept-swept): v. 打扫;清扫clean up: 打扫/清除干净; 清除;清理We sweep the floor every afternoon. 56. sweep away: 消灭;彻底消除; 冲走;卷走Mr Black told Tom to sweep away the dead leaves under the trees.57. wave wev: n. 海浪; 波浪 v. 挥手; 招手1)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves c

36、aused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.2)He waved at the girl, who was singing on the stage.58. strikestrak: v. 侵袭;突击;击打; 报时 (struck - struck/stricken) n.罢工;罢课; 袭击自然灾害 + strike/hit + 地方：袭击; 攻击; 重创stick: v. 粘贴; 刺; 戳; 插入; 粘住 (stuck - stuck) 1)The undersea quake struck around 7:

37、 00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island.2)The man struck the boy with his stick.3)A powerful earthquake struck/hit the island last night.4)The clock has just struck eight. (报时)5)Will you take part in the strike tomorrow?59. deliver dlv(r): v.递送; 传达; 发表1)However, dangerous co

38、nditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.2)The president will deliver a speech about Covid-19 this evening. 60. summary smri: n.总结; 概括;概要summer: n. 夏天in summary/short: 总之1)Here is a summary of the article.2)In summary, this was a disappointing movie.61. effect f

39、ekt :n. 影响; 结果; 效果have an/no effect on/upon.: 对.有/无影响/效果1)We should know the cause and effect of this event. 2)Every word from the parents will have an effect on their children.62. length le: n.长;长度long: adj. 长的lengthen: v. 变长strong - strength - strengthenA summary should around one third thelength

40、of the original text.63. Ecuador ekwd: : 厄瓜多尔(国家名)64. Memphis memfis : 孟菲斯(美国城市)65. Alberta lb:t : 艾伯塔省(加拿大省份)66. Colombo klmbu: 科伦坡(斯里兰卡首都)67. Sri lanka ,sr lk : 斯里兰卡(国家名)68. Indonesia ,ndni: 印度尼西亚(国家名)69. Thailand tailnd: 泰国(国家名)70. Malaysia mlei: 马来西亚(国家名)71. Sumatra Island: 苏门答腊岛 sumtr72. Chandra Theeravit : 钱德拉特拉维 tndr i:rvit- 8 -