人教版(2019)新教材高中英语必修第一册第五单元词汇学案.doc

1、人教版(2019)新教材高中英语必修第一册第五单元词汇学案UNIT FIVE 1. billion bljn : n.十亿hundred: 百thousand: 千million mljn : 一百万 trillion: 万亿; 兆dozen: 打; 十二score: 二十two billion people: 二十亿人billions of people: 数十亿人2. native netv : n.本地人;当地人 adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的local: n. 当地人; 本地人 adj. 当地的; 本地的; 地方的1)How many million people speak the

2、 UNs official languages as their native or second language?2)She speaks not only her native language, German, but also English.3)Im a native of Bishan District.4)He speaks Chinese like a native.3. attitudettju:d titu:d: n. 态度;看法attitude towards/to.: 对.的态度1)What is the attitude of the speaker towards

3、 foreign language learning? 2)What is your attitude towards/to the plan? 4. reference refrns: n.指称关系;参考Reference News: 参考消息 (中国报纸名)1)These reference books are necessary to us.2)This article can be read for reference.5. refer rf:(r) : v. 提到; 参考; 查阅; 查询;叫求助于refer to.: 指的是; 描述; 提到; 查阅1)Dont refer to th

4、is matter again, please. 2)Whos the man that you refer to?3)Refer to the dictionary when you dont know how to use a word.6. system sstm: n.体系;制度;系统sisiter sst: n. 姐; 妹1)Have you explored the Chinese writing system?2)He played an important role in setting up the new system. 3)Maybe our system is new

5、to you.4)We are trying to assess(评估) how well the system works. 7. despite dspat: prep. 即使; 尽管 = regardless/despite of = in despite of = in spite of 1)Despite of that, both his parents supported him.2)Chinas economy remains strong in despite of Covid-19.8. ups and downs: 浮沉; 兴衰; 荣辱1)China is widely

6、known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.2)In a long life he had many ups and downs.3)The organisation has had its ups and downs.4)Why is my life always full of ups and downs?9. factor fkt(r): n.因素;要素f

7、actory fktri fktri: n. 工厂1)There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.2)Several factors ruined our plans.3)A number of factors decide whether a movie will be successful (or not).10. based beist: adj. 以.为基础的; 以为重要部分/特征的be based o

8、n/upon:以.为基础/根据1)At the biginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.2)The film is based on a novel by Mo Yan.3)The novel is based on a true story.4)Your grade will be based on three papers and a final exam.11. base bes : n. 底部;根据;基础 v.以.为据点/基础 base.on/upon.:以.为基础/根据1)The scientist based

9、his ideas on scientific experiments.2)The book is based on personal experience. 3)She used her familys history as a base for her novel.12. date/go back to .: 追溯到; 始于= date from.1)This temple dates back to 1650.2)Most of the beds in this room date from the nineteenth century.13. bone bn: n.骨头;骨(质)1)S

10、he survived the accident with no broken bones.2)That physical activity can improve your bones as well. 14. shell el: n.壳; 壳状物The girl likes to look for shells on the seashore.15. symbol smbl : n. 符号; 象征1)In China, the dragon is a symbol of the nation.2)Whats the chemical symbol for iron?16. carve kv

11、: v. 雕刻1)It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu-animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in todays hanzi.2)He picked up a piece of wood and started carving.3)These words are carved on the stone be

12、side his tomb.17. dynasty dnsti dainsti : n. 王朝;朝代1)The Tang Dynasty made Changan its capital.2) The last Ming Dynasty emperor hanged himself from this tree.3)By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. 18. varietyvrat: n. (植物/语言等的)变体;异体;多样化various vers：adj. 不同的;

13、各种各样的different: adj. 不同的; 有区别的; 有差异的1)We all need variety in our diet.2)I want more variety in my work.3)American English is a variety of British English.4)China English, as an English variety, is going to be accepted by more and more people. a variety of/ varieties of : 各种多样A. a variety of + 复数名词 +

14、 复数动词B. a variety of + 不可数名词 + 单数动词C. varieties of + 复数名词 + 复数动词1)A variety of food is sold at the supermarket. 2) A variety of books have been sent to the school in the village. 3)Varieties of English dictionaries are being sold at this bookstore.19. dialect dalekt: n. 地方话;方言1)She can fluently spea

15、k English and different dialects of Chinese.2)It was difficult to understand the local dialect.3)She speaks Guangdong dialect.4)They began to speak rapidly in dialect. 20. character krkt(r): n. 文字;符号;角色;品质;特点have a strong/weak character: 个性强 /不强1)Over the years,the system developed into different fo

16、rms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.2)He is a man of fine character.3)The man is a major character in the film.4) The biggest character is that it can improve the environment of the whole earth.21. majormed(r): adj.主要的;重

17、要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 v.主修;专门研究major in.: 主修; 专修1)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 2)I major in physics and chemistry.3)Her major is history/physics. 22. no matter where/who/what/when/how/whose/

18、which .: 不论;不管1)Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak they can all still communicate in writing.2)No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.3)No matter how busy she is, she should do the work well.23. means mi:nz : n.方式;方法;途径 【means:单数复数同形】by this means: 通过这

19、种方式;用这种方法by all means: 当然; 完全可以by no means: 决不1)Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connect with its past. 2)The American used all means to find out our secrets.24. classic klsk: n. 经典作品;名著 adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的class kls: n. 班; 课; 班级; 上课; 阶级; 等级1)People in modern

20、 times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. 2)A Tale of Two Cities is my favorite English classic. 双城记25. regard rg:d: n. 尊重; 关注 v. 把.视为;看待regard.as.: 认为.是.= consider.as. = have/ treat/take .as. = look on/upon.as. = think of .as.1)The high regard for the Chinese

21、 writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form.2)I have great regard for the headmaster.3)He was driving without regard to the speed limits.4)It is funny that some people regard their pets as children. 5)She is regarded as the best physics teacher in the senior h

22、igh school.6)Her novel is highly regarded by the farmers.26. calligraphy klrfi : n./u.书法;书法艺术handwriting: n./u. 书法; 笔迹The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part o

23、f Chinese culture. 27. global glbl: adj. 全球的;全世界的globe: n. 地球仪;地球;世界world: n.世界; 天下; 地球1)Global warming is a real problem. 2)Now that we are all part of the globalvillage, everyone becomes a neighbour.28 . affair fe(r): n.公共事务复数;事件;关系have an affair with.: 与私通/有暧昧关系 The Department of Foreign Affairs:

24、 外交部1)Your brother has forgotten the whole affair.2)She is interested in public affairs.3)Some people think that the affair will do harm to the factory. 29. appreciate pri:iet: v. 欣赏;重视; 感激;领会;增值appreciate doing.: 喜欢/感激做.1)As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of inte

25、rnational students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and historythrough this amazing language.2)I much appreciate your help. 3)We shall appreciate hearing from you again.30. specific spsfk: adj.特定的;明确的;具体的special: adj. 特殊的; 特别的especial: adj. 特殊的; 特别的especially: adv. 尤其; 特别; 非常1)Scanning(浏览)

26、 is looking at the text quickly to find specific information, such as dates or numbers.2)The money was collected for a specific purpose.31. CE/AD: 公元BC/BCE: 公元前It is believed that Chinses calligraphy dates back to the Han Dynasty (202BCE-220CE).32. struggle strgl: n.斗争;奋斗;努力;难事 v.斗争;奋斗;搏斗;努力struggle

27、 for.: 为.而努力/拼搏/奋斗struggle to do.: 努力做.make an/no effort to do.: (没)努力做.1)When I startedstudying German, it was a struggle.2)The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.33. tongue t : n.舌头;语言(正式/文学)language: n. 语言mother/native tongue: 母语mother/native language: 母语1)The words felt str

28、ange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head.2)French is her native tongue.3)All the people speak the same tongue.34. point of view: 观点;看法from ones point of view: 依某人的观点/看法in ones view: 依某人的观点/看法in ones opinion：据某人看来; 根据某人的看法1)I had finally come to a place where I could think in this

29、 foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view.2)You may have to accept their point of view in the future.3)From my point of view, this book is worth reading carefully. 35. semester smest(r): n.学期(US)term: 学期(UK)the spring/fall semester: 春季/秋季学期the spring/summer/autumn(f

30、all) term: 春季/夏季/秋季学期She got good grades last term/semester.36. gas s: n.汽油;气体; 燃气a gas/petrol station: 加油站fill up the (gas) tank: 加满油箱37. petrol(UK) /gas(US) petrl: n. 汽油fill up . with petrol:加满油箱fill up the car: 加油38. subway(US) /underground(UK) sbwe : n.地铁1)We have to go home by subway.2)I happen

31、ed to meet an old friend on the subway.3)She always goes to work by underground.39. apartment(US)/flat(UK) p:tmnt: n. 公寓; 套房Theyrefusedtorenttheapartmenttoan unmarriedcouple.40. pants pnts: n. 内裤; 短裤(UK) ; 长裤(US) trousers: n. 长裤(US)shorts: n. 短裤1)I really need to buy some pants.2)Your pants are dirt

32、y now. 3)He rushed out in pants when the earthquake happened.41. beg beg:v. 恳求;祈求;哀求beggar: n. 叫花子; 乞丐beg to do.: beg sb. to do.: 1)I beg your pardon.我请求你的原谅/宽恕。请再说一遍。2)New York is full of homeless people begging in the streets. 3)The old man is begging for food. 4)She begged that she (should) be al

33、lowed to go home.42. equal i:kwl: n. 同等的人;相等物 adj. 相同的;同样的 v. 等于;和相等;比得上be equal to.: 等于; 胜任1)Women demand equal pay for equal work.2)We are all equals at the school.3)Nobody can equal him in maths.4)Three and five equals eight.43. gap gp: n.间隔;开口;差距a gap year: 间隔年(常指中学毕业后上大学前所休的一年假期, 用于实习或旅游)1)If I

34、m talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window” - our relationship is close and were equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. (缩小差距)2)They met again in Chongqing after a gap of 30 years.44. demand dm:nd: n. 要求;需求 v. 强烈要求;需要 ;查问meet/satisfy/fill/c

35、over ones need/demand: 满足需要 demand(.) + that 句子(should 结构)demand/ask to do.:request/require/ask sb. to do.: 1)I demand that John (should) get off work at once. 2)She demanded that he (should) be taken to the police station. 3) This sport demands both speed and strength.4)He demanded a clear answer f

36、rom the government.5)But if Im talking to someone who isnt very close to me, I must make my request longer-and I must make it a question, not a demand , e.g., “Could you open the window, please? ”6)The boss has refused our demand for a pay rise.desire, suggest, propose, recommend, order/instruct/com

37、mand, demand, request, require, ask, urge(强烈要求), insist(坚决要求)等接that宾语从句时,从句用 should do/be 结构, should可省。45. vocabulary vkbjlr: n.词汇have a large/limited vocabulary: 词汇量大/有限1)For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem-there are just SO MANY new words! 2)Reading will increase your vocabulary.3)When did th

38、e word tofu first enter the vocabulary?46. description dskrpn: n. 描写(文字);形容describe dskrab: v.描写; 形容1)Does the writer give a clear description of the problem? 2)The police have given a description of the killer.47. relate rlet: v.联系;讲述 1)She will relate her childhood in the article.2)We found it dif

39、ficult to relate the two cases.48. relate to.: 与相关; 涉及; 谈到1)Does each sentence relate to the main idea?2)The report relates to the situation in the USA.49. Korean kri:n: n. 朝鲜/韩国语;朝鲜/韩国人 adj. 朝鲜/韩国的50. Danish den: n. 丹麦语;丹麦人 adj. 丹麦的51. Denmark denm:k : 丹麦(国家名)52. Arabic rbk: n. 阿拉伯语 adj. 阿拉伯语的; 阿拉伯

40、文学的53. FIFA fi:f: (源自法语) 国际足联; 国际足球联合会= Fdration Internationale de Football Association 国际足球联合会(Fdration Internationale de Football Association, FIFA,简称国际足联),由比利时、法国、丹麦、瑞典、荷兰、瑞士和西班牙(皇家马德里代表西班牙,西班牙皇家足球协会到1913年才成立)倡议,于1904年5月21日在法国巴黎成立,现有会员211个,是国际单项体育联合会总会成员。其总部于1932年由法国巴黎移至瑞士苏黎世。工作用语为英、法、西班牙和德语, 如有语言冲突时,以英语为准。- 7 -