第四讲 句子成分 衔接学案-（2019）新人教版高中英语必修第一册.doc

1、初高中衔接点津第四讲【语言知识概要】I词汇搜索enjoy anyway greeting sweep tradition revise sightseeing chalk comfortable population boring until special sock subway express professor well-behaved somewhere enter unhappy asleep December marry hero background safely spend hope grand II单词拼写1. 酒馆 2. 龙 3. 骑自行车 4. 因此，所以 5. 低的 6

2、. 放松的，轻松自在的 7. 装满 8. 拥挤的 9. 浴室 n. 10.睡着的adj. III短语填空1. time美好时光 2. .at 在工作 3. look to期待 4. 变暖 5. 思考 6. be 出生于7. go a 去乘.骑， 8. away 走开离开9. go 穿过 10. with和一起玩IV语法扫描句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。1. 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中

3、，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the he

4、alth.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2. 谓语：在英语中，谓语只能够用动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：(1) 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.(2) 复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for tw

5、o weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.3. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is excitin

6、g.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）4. 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me from

7、 coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your d

8、ictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.5. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force h

9、im to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）6. 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下词性表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers in our scho

10、ol.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）7. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travel

11、s most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last ni

12、ght she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work hard

13、er.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）句子成分练习指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分。1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese

14、painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.选择填空1. _ _ will leave for Beijin

15、g.A. Now there the man B. The man now is here C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now2. The weather _ _. A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted _ _. A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet4. He got up _ _ yesterday morning.A. lately B.

16、late C. latest D. latter5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded6. _ _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly8. I think _ _necessary to lea

17、rn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is9. The dog _ _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. was looked D. is being looked10. I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where【语言技能引领】I句型转换1. They go shopping for presents and they get lots of food ready.They go shoppi

18、ng for presents and get food ready.2. Im going to pay a visit to my uncle.Im going to my uncle.3. Tom is the tallest student in his class.Tom is taller than in his class.4. What do you think of your new teacher? do you your new teacher?5. He married in 1980. He in 1980.II根据汉语意思完成英语句子。1.这个小男孩能自己穿衣服了。

19、 The boy can dress .2.汤姆正在阳光下踢足球。Tom is football the sun.3.今晚将有大风和大雨。There will be wind and rain.4.伦敦位于英国南部，法国也位于英国南部。London is the south of England，and France is also the south of England. 5.他是世界上最著名的作家之一。He is one of the the most famous in the world.III根据短文意思，用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空。five what paint includ

20、e in damage progress on like education involve other message suggest goodWith his drawing 1_ _ hand, 12-year-old Zhang Wenpeng said people must wake up to the fact that 2_ _ the environment was destroying everything 3_ _ had worked for. “To save water is to save our lives.” he saidHis classmate in t

21、he 4_ _ grade of Guiyang Experimental Primary School in Guizhou Province, 11-year-old Zhou Zhiyun, 5_ _ a big shining bulb(电灯泡)，with the 6_ that people mustnt waste electricity.The students were 7_ _ in a project to discuss “What is climate change and 8 _ _ we can do.”The school 9_ that the students

22、 should pass on what they have learnt in school to their parents and 10 _ people in the neighbourhood.“I helped my family to understand why we shouldnt keep all the lights in our house 11_ all night,” said one student.China has now 16,933 green schools like this one.In order to become a “green schoo

23、l” 12 _ Guiyang Experimental Primary School, a school must 13 _ _ environmental education as part of the timetable.“14 _ is important and can help children and young people develop 15_ _ habits. In the same time, they can pass on knowledge to the neighbourhood,” said Jiao Zhiyan, one of the director

24、s of the State Environmental Protection Administration(国家环保总局)。【学习策略指导】没有唯一的最佳的学习方法，但你可以找到适合你自己的最好的学习方法。你应该不定期反思、总结、评估自己的学习效率，从而不断优化自己的学习方法。会说就会听，会说就会读，会说就会写，会说就会译，一个“说”字解决一切！ Believe in yourself! You are the best!第四讲答案II单词拼写1. pub 2. dragon 3. cycle 4. so 5. low 6. relaxing 7. fill 8. crowed 9. bat

25、hroom 10. asleepIII短语填空1. a good 2. work 3. forward 4. get warm 5. think about 6. born 7. for ride 8. go away 9. through 10. playIV语法扫描 (选择题部分) 1-5. CBDBB 6-10. ACBABI句型转换1. a lot of 2. visit 3. any other students 4. How like 5. got marriedII.完成句子1. himself 2. playing; in 3. strong; heavy 4. in ; to 5. writersIII.短文意思填空in damaging progress fifth has painted message involved what suggests other on like include Education better