四川省历年中考真题分类汇编：阅读理解（二）科普类PDF版.pdf

1、 四川省历年中考真题分类汇编：阅读理解（二）科普类四川省历年中考真题分类汇编：阅读理解（二）科普类 一、阅读理解一、阅读理解 1阅读理解 Chinese companies lead in global 5G patent applications(专利应用) with Huawei taking the crown, according to a report by IPlytics, an authorized patent data company. Three companies from China were included in the top 10 list of 5G Sta

2、ndardsEssential Patents(SEPs)family owner. Huawei ranked first. ZET Corp, and China Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT)grabbed fifth and ninth places, respectively. Chinese companies topped the list for most 5G SEPs applications in communication systems by the end of April 2019, accounti

3、ng for 34 percent of the worlds total. Chinese tech giant Huawei has taken a leading role by owning 15 percent of SEPs, according to the report Who Is Leading the 5G Patent Race？ 5G SEP are patents that any company will have to use when carrying out 5G technology and no one can avoid them. Different

4、 from 3G and 4G technologies, 5G technology will influence various industries and encourage the appearance of many new products, services and industries. The automotive sector will most likely be one of the first industries to depend on 5G, which will connect vehicles to other vehicles, roadsides, t

5、raffic lights, buildings and the Internet, according to the report. It is 5G that is going to be a huge jump forward for communication systems because only with 5Gs higher bandwidth can a number of applications be more advanced (尖端的) and used by most consumers, said Nicole Peng, senior director of t

6、he market research company Canalys. As 5G technology has combined various industries and technologies, the number of 5G SEPs rose to more than 60,000 globally by the end of April 2019, the report said. （1）What does taking the crown probably mean in Paragraph 1？ Abecoming the next king Bfinishing the

7、 task better Cbeing in the first place Dwearing the hat of the king （2）Which one was NOT on the top 10 list of 5G SEPs？ ACanalys. BHuawei. CZET Corp. DCATT. （3）What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs？ ANo companies can avoid 5G SEPs. BIPlvtics is an important data company. CChinese compani

8、es lead the 5G patent race. DChina owned 34% of the worlds 5G SEPs applications. （4）What does Nicole Peng think of 5G？ AVarious industries will be helpful for 5G a lot. BMany applications will make 5G more advanced. C5G will be used by many most advanced consumers. D5G will make great progress in co

9、mmunication systems. （5）What can you get out of the passage？ A5G will be first used by the industry of the automotive sector. BVarious industries and farming will be mostly influenced by 5G. C5G will motivate many new products, services, and industries to appear. DMore than 6 thousand 5G SEPs had be

10、en used by the end of April 2019. 2阅读理解 A If we laid all of the blood vessels (血管) in the human body end to end, they would reach about 100,000km long. Thats nearly two and a half times around Earth! B For the first time, Coca-Cola has showed that it uses 3,000,000 tons of plastic bottles each year.

11、 Thats the weight of 15,000 blue whales-the largest animal on Earth. C If your throat tickles (发痒), pressing your ear might make it go away. Thats because your throat and ears share the same group of nerves (神经). When you press your ear, the nerves in your throat can feel it. D It takes about 7 to 8

12、 trees to make enough O2 for one person to breathe for a year. Each person needs around 750kg of O2 per year. E To young children, a year might seem to last forever. But older people might say that it flies by. Why is that? According to the US scientists, young peoples brains deal with information f

13、aster than older people. They take in more information and do more things in a day. So they feel like each day lasts F About 200 muscles (肌肉) work together when you take a step. Thats a lot of work for your muscles, since many people take about 10,000 steps a day. If A large tree might make around 1

14、00kg of O2 per year. longer. However, older peoples brains take in less information and see a day pass more quickly. you want to get some easy exercise, walking is good for you. （1）Match passages AF with the two topics: People & Surroundings; The Human Body. Which of the following is right? A-AB; -C

15、DEF B-BDF; -ACE C-BD; -ACEF （2）Whats the best title for all the six passages? ASurprising Word BAmazing Facts CUnbelievable Figures （3）Why does the editor present renders the six passages? ATo help readers know more about human body and environmental protection BTo ask readers to protect the environ

16、ment and take more exercise. CTo tell readers to have unhealthy drink and plant more trees. （4）Which of the following questions is answered in the passage? AWhy do kids and older people feel a year differently? BWhy could a large tree produce about 100kg of O2 per year? CHow do our 200 muscles work

17、together when we take a step? （5）Which of the following leads to the figure 30,000? AThe amount of muscles working together by taking 150 steps. BThe length of vessels in 3 human bodies joining together. CThe weight of O2 for 40 persons to breathe n year. 3阅读理解 In recent years, a number of Chinese t

18、echnological innovations (科技创新) have been making waves around the world. Among them, four stand out. They are known as four new great inventions of modern China. They have made our daily lives more convenient. High-speed trains China created its first high-speed railway line in 2008. Since then, the

19、 number of passenger trips has grown by over 30 percent every year. By 2016, more than 5 billion trips had been taken on Chinas bullet trains(高铁), according to Xinhua News Agency. China is currently working on the next-generation bullet trains that will have a top speed of 400 kilometers per hour. B

20、y 2020, one-fifth of the countrys 150, 000-km railway network will be used by high-speed trains. This network will link more than 80 percent of major cities across China, said Xinhua. Mobile payment Mobile payment is turning China into a cashless society led by the third-party payment companies like

21、 Alipay. For example, instead of paying by cash, customers now pay for goods simply by typing a short password into Alipay app on their mobile devices. Users can also pay their bills through Alipay, such as their water and electricity bills. Alipay also supports cross-border(跨境的)online and in-store

22、payment, which allows users to buy things on international websites and apps. Shared bikes Shared bike services started in Western countries. But China has surprised the world with how quickly it has adopted dockless(无柱的) shared bikes. Unlike traditional bike-sharing method, dockless bikes allow use

23、rs to simply pick up or park a bike on the street through GPS and smartphone app. To unlock a bike, you just need to scan a QR code on a shared bike with a smartphone app. After you finish riding, you can park it at available parking areas, lock it and pay for ride through mobile payment services. O

24、nline shopping With around 751 million internet users, China has been the worlds largest and fastest-growing line shopping market. Online shopping now accounts for 15. 5 percent of total retail sales in China, according to Xinhua. Thanks to lower costs and fewer licensing requirements(执照要求), its eas

25、ier for sellers to open an online shop in China than a brick-and- mortar shop(实体店). It also helped to create jobs of rural areas. In 2016, online shopping created more than 20 million jobs in rural areas, with over 8. 1 million running their own online shops, said Xinhua. （1）What is known as four ne

26、w great inventions of modern China? AGPS, Smartphone apps, High-speed trains and Online shopping. BMobile payment, Shared bikes, Online shopping and High-speed railway network COnline shopping, Short password, High-speed railway network and Mobile payment DHigh-speed trains, Mobile payment, Shared b

27、ikes and Online shopping （2）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? AAfter you use shared hikes you can nark them everywhere BWhen users pay their water and electricity bills, they only pay them by cash CBy 2020, Chinas 30, 000-km railway network will be used by high-speed trains.

28、DIt easier for sellers to open a brick-and-mortar shop than an online shop in China. （3）The underlined phrase“ accounts for” means_ in Chinese. A占比例 B是原因 C给解释 D出单据 （4）From this passage, the writer mostly wants to tell us that_. ANowadays China has become the most developed country in the world BNowa

29、days China has made much great progress in both science and technology CNowadays China is stronger than any other country in the world DNowadays only China can make a great contribution (贡献)to human 4阅读理解 A computer program that could help catch and ever translates from aliens in outer space has bee

30、n started by a British scientist. If aliens are discovered one day, scientists fear their language may make it possible to understand them. But John Elliott of needs Metropolitan University in Britain has come up with a program that can figure out the structure(结构)of their language. He thinks thats

31、the first step in understanding what they are saying. Dr. Elliotts program would compare an alien language to a database (数据库)of 60 different languages in the world to look for a similar structure. He believes that even an alien language will have its own structure. Language has to be structured in

32、a certain way, or it will be harder to use, he told New Scientist magazine. Research had shown that it is possible to know if a signal(信号)carries a language rather than a picture or music. Dr. Elliott has gone a step further by finding a way to pick out what might be words and sentences. Because lan

33、guages have different word orders, Dr. Elliott has set up a library of the sentence structures of 60 human languages. If a message is received from outer space, it could be compared against this database. Scientist would then be able to see if tis similar to any human language, or a mix of the langu

34、age. However, Dr. Elliott also said that in order to translate what the aliens are actually saying, it may still be necessary to have a code book. （1）Why did Dr. Elliott come up with the program? ATo learn more about outer space. BTo develop a new language. CTo help translate the messages for aliens

35、. DTo compare an alien language to human languages. （2）According to Dr. Elliott, whats the first step of understanding an alien language? AComing up with a program. BKnowing a structure. CUnderstanding aliens. DDiscovering aliens. （3）What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us? ASome necessary conditions f

36、or making the program work. BDr. Elliotts findings about different kinds of languages. CThree important functions of the program. DThe number of sentence structures of human languages. （4）How does the program work when it receives a message from aliens? AMix the message with 60 human languages. BTra

37、nslate the message and send it to the database. CPick out the sentence structure and translate it. DCompare the message to the database of 60 human languages. （5）What can we infer from the story? ANot all languages have their own structure. BThe structure of alien languages is similar to that of hum

38、an languages. CTo translate alien languages, there is much work to do. DAlien languages are signals carrying pictures and music. 5阅读下列短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and le

39、arn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers smart. John McCarthy, a scientist, came up with(提出)the name artificial intelligence over 60 years ago. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as people do. An unusual goal of

40、AI research is to create computer programs. They can learn, solve problems, and think logically(逻辑地). At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别)human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. However, Some people also consi

41、der(认为）AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. A famous British scientist also was not for this kind of technology. Math is the basic language of AI. If students are good at math, they will be more likely to become successful AI designers(设计者)in the future. We need not only bright students

42、, but also average(普通的)students. As for(对于)average students ，if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing. Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力)and emotional (有感情的)AI. The AI can poss

43、ibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field. （1）From Paragraph 1, we know that _. Aall problems can be solved by computers. Bmachines with AI can think and learn. CAI has been around for only 60 years. DAI works in the sa

44、me way as people. （2）According to the passage, what cant AI do at present? AUnderstand hunman speech. BOperate self-driving cars. CCompete in some game systems. DUnderstand human feelings. （3）The underlined word it in Paragraph 2 refers to(指的是) . Achess. Ba scientist. Cthe danger. DAI. （4）According

45、to the passage, if students want to become successful AI designers, they should learn well. Amath and art. Bart and technology. Cmath and computer science. Dart and computer science. （5）Paragraph 4 mainly tells us the scientist about AI. Awishes. Bworries. Cfeelings. Ddiscoveries. 6阅读理解 Many environ

46、mental groups are warning that oceans of the world are in great danger. In the past 50 years, the number of water with zero oxygen(氧气) in the open ocean has increased more than four times. In the near coast water bodies, including the river mouth and seas, low-oxygen areas have increased more than 1

47、0 times since 1950.Scientists discover that oxygen continues dropping ever outside these zones as the Earth warms. To stop the drop, the world needs to control in both climate change and nutrient(养分) pollution. Oxygen is a must to life in the oceans. The drop in ocean oxygen is among the most seriou

48、s effects of human activities on the Earths environment. This is the first time for the scientists to take such a deep look at the causes, results and solutions to low oxygen worldwide, in both the open ocean and the near coast waters. About half of the oxygen on Earth comes from the ocean. However,

49、 mixed effects of nutrient loading and climate change are greatly increasing the number and size of dead zones in the open ocean and the near coast waters, where oxygen is too low to support most sea life. In the areas traditionally called dead zones, like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mex

50、ico, oxygen drops to levels so low that many animals have trouble in breathing and die. As fishes run away from these zones, their living areas become smaller and smaller. But the problem goes far beyond dead zones. Even smaller oxygen drops can hold up the growth in animals and lead to disease or e