2015年8月托福真题回忆及解析.doc

1、2015年8月托福真题回忆及解析【导语】梯子的梯阶从来不是用来搁脚的，它只是让人们的脚放上一段时间，以便让别一只脚能够再往上登。以下是无忧考网小编搜集整理的2015年8月托福部分真题，欢迎阅读！2015年8月托福共举行了两场考试，分别是8月22日、8月30日8 月 22 日托福独立写作范文Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The most effective way for government to encourage energy conservation is increasing the price of ga

2、soline and electricity.Nowadays, frequent power cut or the drain of oil supply has become a serious problem that concerns us with its damage to not only the environment, but also our efficiency in work and study. Although some people propose to raise the cost of fuel as a solution to this issue, I p

3、ersonally believe that it is not the best way to solve the problem of air pollution.Indeed, increasing the cost of gasoline and electricity can conserve energy to some extents. Considering the higher price of the fuel, more people would reduce their use of private cars or shut down lights and the ai

4、r-conditioner when leaving home. As a result, the reduced number of cars leads to a decrease in demand to the gasoline and hence make the use of energy more efficiency. However, this solution does not solve the problem completely. Even the price of the gas goes up, most people would still choose to

5、paybecause fuels are the basic need for them to work and travel. Such necessity is not able to be replaced, and conservative problems would continue to be a problem. For example, my mom drives to work every day because there are no subway or buses between our home and her working place. Moreover, th

6、e public transportation is way too time-consuming and less comfortable.For government, exploiting new energy sources, on the other hand, is a better alternative to energy conservation because its a stable solution that will solve the problem eternally. Cars that are powered by solar energy, for exam

7、ple, do not have to worry about the limited power supply, since it uses a long-lasting and powerful battery to absorb and store the energy from the sunlight and then use this energy to power the cars. According to research conducted by scientists in Japan and China, by holding the transformation rat

8、e between solar energy to electricity to 28 percent, the solar energy cars do not have to recharge itself and can keep running under the sun for 18 hours. Based on this, cars driven by solar energy would push the limits of energy to a new level.Moreover, spreading out the concept of conserving energ

9、y is another more effective way to achieve the goal. In fact, there are certain group of citizens who are concerned with extravagant energy use, and they are quite cautious in using electricity, water and oiling their cars. If the government can take measures to educate more people with the same pri

10、nciples, energy consumption might drop considerately. Henrys father used to be a truck driver when he was young. He is so fond of driving truck that he even go to nearby Walmart by his Toyota Tundra. After Henry was lectured about the energy crisis in many developing countries like India, he was awa

11、re of the fact that by saving energy as much as possible himself, he was able to help a family in New Deli to use electricity constantly for a night. Furthermore, he asked his father to join him and persuaded him to change driving truck into some clean energy car, namely Prius. By doing this, they m

12、ight save certain amount of gasoline that could help poor people in Northwest Tibet use heaters in winter.All in all, I believe raising the cost of the fuel is not the best way to conserve energy, since they are better alternatives such as applying new energy sources and necessary education to more

13、people about necessity on energy crisis.8 月 22 日托福听力真题回忆：两篇 conversation , 篇是服务咨询，一篇是办公时间，四篇 lecture 文章分别为自然科学 T 生命科学及会科学，还有文学艺术的文章，文章题材形式都是同学在课上精听精做过的文章。但是目前 2015 年的托福考试趋势：需要同学具备很好的托福听力实力，因为其中一个 section 难度系数略高。Conversation 1学生想数学换成 biology，因为她很喜欢这个专业，但是老师说如果要换专业它它需要推迟两年毕业，建议她等研究生的时候再选择 biology。她问有没

14、有什么 summer plan 可以做，并且可以转换成本专业的学分，然后教授就推荐了一个纽约的 summer plan，但是这个 plan 的老师今年走了，所以她必须推迟年，然后他就要申请这个项目，问题又来了 ，她的成绩录入错误，所以他担心这个会影响她的申请，然后老师也提供了建议。解析：听到文章中学生来的目的-产生问题的原因-解决问题的方案学生来的目的：数学专业换成生物专业。产生问题的原因：老师说如果要换专业它需要推迟两年毕业，建议她等研究生的 时候再去选择生物解决问题的方案：教授推荐了一个纽约的 summer plan ,但是这个plan 的老 师今年走了，所以她必须推迟年Lecture 1

15、天文学的文章开始说到一个星座，后来说了一个什么组织，这个组织吧一块区域分成很多块，然后把一个什么星座定义成了 asterism (不知道拼的又寸不对）解析：文章难度系数略高,需要具备良好的听力实力才会拿下本篇文章。但是此种难度的文章都是精讲精练班里大量联系过的文章文章中提到了 constellation 和很多关键词。Lecture 2讲的是动物的伪装，一种是 uniform stripped ，种是 disruptive ,然后讲到了老虎之类的。解析：难度系数不高的一篇文章，想 camouflage/disguise 这样的有关于动物伪装的单词必须要认识，其中会有很多动物名称的出现，需要同学

16、们记好。Conversation 2一小伙子在外边要做兼职写文章，然后找了一个老师，这个老师说要他帮忙要 几张照片一起研究一个什么 erosion 的问题，然后这个同学找老师帮忙，说想去 哪个社团活动，因为便宜。这个小伙子因为没有交钱，不在这个社团了。解析：Conversation 2 难度系数不高，老师需要学生提供帮助。TPO 中有大量此种类型的文章，考前都要做完Lecture 3讲的叫 John locke 的人第一次提到小孩子和大人是不一样的，以前小朋 友在家里帮大人做事， 和大人一模一样。然后那个人说童话故事不好，因为童话 故事里坏的事都发生在森林里，很多人长大以后很怕黑。然后有一个人

17、写了 不一样的童话故事，这个人打开了儿童书籍的市场， 很多妈妈者都在看。解析：有关于心理学的一片文章：亚里士多德提出教育理念，寓教于乐。约翰洛克让这个理论变得更加流行John Newbery 真正实践了这个理念。同学们在做的时候，能够真正听到这个三个人，把名字记好；每个人提出的 教育理念需要听清楚。另外心理学的文章，会大量提出假设，观点，例子，验证假设，验证观点，验证例子Lecture4一个经常演莎士比亚剧的 theater ，这个 theater 在伦敦，已经被毁了。大家就 在讨论这个theater，的外形是不是圆形的，有记录说这个记录是圆的，有说是六 边形的，教授提了这个建筑的缺点，就是在

18、下雨的时候台上是 dry 的，但是 观众会 get wet ，有一个 map 比较可信， 上面画的这个 theater 是圆的，还有 一个 map 画的不是圆的，还有就是一本书上说它不是圆的，但这个书的作者出生的时候个 theater 已经没有了，所以教授觉得不可信。第 一个 map 之所 以可信是因为那个 map 上面的有些建筑现在还在，然后形状和 map 上的是一 样的，所以就觉得 map 上圆形 theater 应该也是对的。解析：文学艺术的文章讨论演莎士比亚的 theater 是否是圆的。8 月 22 日托福口语真题回忆：s1: what should we do to help th

19、e elder in our community?SampleI like to help the old to do the following stuff. First, give them a hand with house chores. Some of them have trouble moving around, if I assist them with housework, they would be really grateful. Take my neighbor as an example, she has been lying on bed for years, I

20、always help her cook and sweep the floor. Second, reading to the elder is a good way to help them get rid of loneliness. Some of the old people live far away from their sons and daughters, and they feel isolated. If I read stories to them, they will feel released and happy, and they rebuild their co

21、nfidence in life.s2: which do you prefer? watch a movie silently or chatting with others？SampleI prefer to watch a movie silently for the following reasons. First, Im a movie buff.Sometimes I go to the movie theatre by myself. That way, I can enjoy the movie and relate the story to my life. If I wer

22、e accompanied by someone else, I would be disturbed while watching the movie. Last time, I went to the cinema with my classmates, they actually annoyed me. They kept talking during the movie, having popcorns and even taking photos during the movie. I was ashamed of staying with them because I heard

23、other people were judging us. I wont watch movies with them again, and I think its definitely impolite to talk while others are enjoying themselves.s3: The school should list the menu in the canteen. firstly, the student could know the ingredients of the dish and make a healthier choice. secondly, t

24、he students could eat those food at home and practice cooking skill. The woman agrees with that suggestion. firstly, the student could avoid choosing the unhealthy dishes like sauce with abundant sugar. secondly, the students should have cooking skills after graduation and that policy could help the

25、m enhance cooking skills.s4: the professor illustrates the concept of bidirection, which means the kids and parents influence each other. the professor make an example that Max always yells and shouts but her parents always smile back to him. His parents spend more time on him to teach and influence

26、 him.s5: a student would prepare for an exam tonight. but an author would make a presentation at the same time. he has two opinions . 1 does not go to the presentation 2 listen the presentation and prepare the exam after the presentation. I think the first opinion is better because the student could

27、 have a good sleep and it could be helpful for the exam.s6: the professor illustrate why many insects release chemical material. firstly the insects do so to locate where the food is .secondly, the insects do so to mate with each other.8 月 22 日托福真题回忆：阅读部分机经词汇：altogether=fully tangible=physical seque

28、nce=series exploitation=use steadily=unvarying reflect=indicate subsequent=later第一篇考生回忆：本文主要讲述的是对于测算地球年龄的各种尝试。一共是三个方法。第一个方法是试图通过计算演化的速率来来推断地球年龄。演化的速率是由生物来化石来推断的，但是这个方法得出来的地球年龄只有几百万年，和真实的地球年龄(46 亿年)相距甚远。这个方法的缺陷有两个，第一个是它默认所有的化石的演化速率是一致的，实际上不是。第二个是一些很古老的化石极度缺失，导致计算结果有偏差。第二个方法是试图通过海洋里面的沉淀物的厚度来推断地球年龄。具体的

29、计算方法就是用总体沉淀物的厚度除以每年沉淀的厚度就得到沉淀所花费的时间。这个方法误差还是很大， 主要是缺陷在于很多沉淀物与别的沉淀物混合在一起，形成新的沉淀物。还有一些沉淀进入了水循环，测算不到。第三个方法是试图通过推算海洋的年龄来推算地球的年龄，因为地球诞生之初就有海洋。然后科学家(哈雷爵士，发现哈雷彗星)认为可以通过计算海里的含盐量来计算海洋的年龄，方法是把海洋的总含盐量除以平均每年进入海洋的盐量来最终得出海洋存在的年龄。同样， 这个方法计算出来的偏差也是很大，比地球实际年龄少了 50 倍。但是这个方法已经是这个几个方法里面最靠谱的了，因为它支持了达尔文和赫胥黎等对于演化速率的观点。总体而

30、言还是很有指导意义的。第二篇考生回忆：本文讲述旧石器时代的起源。最初科学家以为它是起源于欧洲，因为很多化石正是了这一点。后来再非洲也挖掘出代表人类文明的工具，更重要的是，其年代比欧洲更古老，由此重新修订了关于旧石器时代起源的答案。然而，后来又在澳洲发现了同样久远的人类工具。文章的后面讲述了科学家如何论证旧石器时代源于非洲，但是缺乏实在的物质证据，也不能解释欧洲的问题。第三篇考生回忆：讲的是静止型与运动型的两种蜥蜴。静止型的蜥蜴靠眼睛来观察和捕捉猎物， 猎物一般都比较大。运动型的蜥蜴主要靠化学线索，一般捉到的是一群集中的小猎物。然后谈到了他们的捕食习惯影响了被捕获的可能。静止型的蜥蜴经常被运动型

31、的捕食者捕获，而运动型的蜥蜴则是相反。最后说他们的能源获取方法。静止型主要靠无氧呼吸，爆发力好;而运动型主要靠有氧呼吸，持续性强，同时由大心脏，供血充足。【Task1】是在问你愿意为老年中心的人做点啥。回忆一下之前我讲过的机经:Which of the following volunteer work would you choose and why?(1) Working as a home tutor(2) Helping adults to read(3) Providing transportation for elder people 091108 CNIf you could do

32、 one thing for your community, what will you do and why?论刷机经的好处就在于机经的 3 选 1 的题经常会为我们提供其他题的语料。第一道题不就为第二道题提供语料了吗?而 8 月 22 日的 Task1 不就是第二道题的变形吗。(同学们，考前机经还是要刷起来啊)那么，随便选一个呗。教他们识字吧。但是咱们貌似不能一天之内教会吧亲们? 所以换一下罗，给他们读新闻呗!Brainstorm 一下： 给老人读新闻opportunity to learn stay updated lonely intimate careeg. grandma uned

33、ucated eager to learn注意，这道题，咱们把一件事儿说清楚就行了。如果你非要正反面答法，那就简单说说别的点坏处，不要展开，比如补一刀说最后一个选项的坏处就是你自己暂时还买不起车，所以实现不了。参考答案：If I ever had the chance to do something with the elderly in a senior center. I woulddefinitely choose to read some news to them because itll provide them an opportunity to learn more about

34、the current trends.For most seniors, such as my grandma, she didnt have the luxury of going to a proper school when she was young so it was very difficult for her to read about stuff in a book or ina newspaper. And some of them are very eager to be updated with whats really going ondomestically or i

35、nternationally. Moreover, old people in the senior centers are very lonely, so I think it will mean a lot to them if someone is patient enough to read some news to them intimately.注意：观点理由一两句话快速搞定，重点放在举例子上。发挥你的小学神功，总分结构走起来。说太多怎么办?别忘了在最后几秒快速切到 thats why 来补刀，告诉考官你的结构是完整的!【Task2】Which do you prefer when

36、 watching movies/TV: Talk with your family/friends or watch quietly?Brainstorm 一下：1.watch quietly优点：more focused wont miss details discuss better 缺 点 ：ignore others bad atmosphere embarrassing 2.talk while watching优点：讨论泪点或者笑点，放松，融洽 knee-slapper缺点：分心，漏掉电影内容，要聊就应该专心聊参考答案：Well, personally, for a hardco

37、re movie fan like me, definitely I will choose to watch amovie quietly whether Im with my family or friends cause for me, it is the qualitydiscussion after the movie that really matters the most. So if we stay focused on the whole movie and everyone is engaged in the details of the drama we wont get

38、 distracted and all of us will understand the film better. Then later we can share valuable insights on the movie we watch, which is way more interesting than getting distracted by small talks in the course of watching. Cause obviously, the movie then will be a distraction instead of the communicati

39、on you have with your family or friends, not to mention youll ruin a great movie together by missing out on the important details.注意：这种标准的二选一的题，其实跟 Task5 的答题方式差不多，正反面开展，说你选择那方的优点，然后说一说你不选那方的缺点。如果采用双正面的答法，在风暴第二个点的时候很容易断片。【Task3】学校要把餐厅的菜谱 po 到网上，这样大家就可以看到菜单和原料了。woman 在听力中同意这个公告，因为首先可以先提前看看想吃什么，其次呢还可以鼓

40、励大家在家里自己试着cook，女生本人貌似是学厨的，所以对她帮助很大。注意：第三题，当填空题做，框架就是“一个事儿，两个点”(阅读)和“一个观点，两个点”(听力)，6 分点抓到就好说了。注意在回答的时候，总结阅读的时间不宜超过 20 秒， 因为你要留至少 40 秒的时间去把听力的内容说完整。在总结这些点的时候不要太粗暴，语言要有灵魂，“起因经过结果”答完整，不能直接跳经过或者结果，这样答题是得不到高分的。分析一下 8 月 22 日的 Task3，阅读中三个点就是：1.学校决定把菜谱 po 出来;2.学生可以查阅菜单;3.学生可以根据原料在家自己做。听力的三个点：1.woman 同意;2.学生可

41、以根据菜单提前想好吃什么;3.鼓励更多的学生在家自己做，对学厨的学生非常有帮助。【Task4】阅读的名词是 Bidirectionality 双向性between parent & children one acts, the other respond听力中举的例子是：6 months old baby Max，当他 make noise 的时候，父母会觉得他是想要跟他们交流(父母行为被影响)，同样的，Max 也会因此受到影响，今后就会知道用什么方式吸引父母的注意或交流了。解题思路：第四题，是咱们很多学生最头疼的题，经常找不出定义，或者说找出了定义却来不及找细节。一旦出现没找到或者没找完的情

42、况，不要慌，听清楚听力中的例子是什么， 绝对是跟阅读的点是对应的。拿 8 月 22 日这到 Task4 来分析，例子很简单，就是 Max 这个baby 与父母的互动。很明显，Bidirectionality 指的是“孩子和家长的行为可以互相影响对方的行为”，咱们答题时如果条件允许(比如你的语言组织能力并不差)，可以试着用自己的理解说一说，Bidirectionality is that the behaviors of children or parents can influence each other bidirectionally。如果你的语言组织能力并不好，但是听力的例子是听懂了的，

43、那么可以在说完例子的时候补刀，说一句，and this is how bidirectionality works in real life 之类的来暗示考官其实你还是看懂了的。做过第四题的同学们应该都能体会到，第四题的听力例子并不难，比阅读部分的难度小了好几个等级。【Task 5】这道题是说一个男生要物理考试了，约好朋友们一起复习，但他又想去参加他最喜欢的作家的 presentation。和朋友们的学习不能延后，因为朋友很忙。如果参加 presentation，他可以自己学习，但是有些问题不太会，就不能问他一个成绩很好的朋友。话外音：这不就是非常经典的 scheduling conflict

44、 题型吗!解题思路：跟第三题一样，第五题的框架也很明显，“一个冲突，两个解决方案”， “一个解决方案，两个优缺点”。所以咱们第五题要抓到 7 个点，当然解决方案的优缺点部分，试题里是不一定都会说出来的，20s 准备时间是需要我们去脑补的。如果你 Task2 的观点选择题说得溜，那么这道题你的脑补速度绝对不会慢。正反面答法，先说你选择那方的优点，再说你不选那方的缺点，尽量脑补。虽然这道题是主观题，但是咱们发挥是需要根据题意去发挥，不能把理由说得太离谱了。【Task6】这道题在说 Pheromones 费洛蒙(昆虫分泌以刺激同种昆虫之化合物质) 教授说了两个方面，一是 Locating 定位;二是

45、 Mating 交配Locating 的例子是 bees 出去找 food，通过 receive 和 release 费洛蒙来沿着气味回蜂巢Mating 的例子是 bees 的 female 会释放Pheromones 来作为 signal 吸引 male bee。解题思路：第六题，大部分情况下，教授说的前几句话都是可以忽略掉的，咱们一定要抓住整篇讨论的关键词是什么，比如这篇就是 Pheromones，不会写没关系，模仿发音写拼音(咱们记口语笔记坚持的方针就是要不择手段)，另外这种主题关键词一般会出现至少 2 次， 所以第一遍不记得发音了第二遍再补。第六题的框架其实也很明显，就是开头一段引语(

46、并没有你想象的那么重要)，然后开始说出主题(一般是个你不熟悉的名词概念)，然后教授会说关于这个概念的两个方面，一般都是先说理，后举例。那么说理部分咱们记不住没关系，例子部分一定不能断片儿。以这道题为例，虽然我们不知道教授一开始说了些什么，但是可以直接答题了：the professor is talking about 2 different ways for insects to communicatethrough pheromones. He/she first talks about how insects use it for locating, for example, bees最后

47、总结一下，咱们这次的独立题没出现三选一;第三题的餐厅问题其实也属于老生常谈; 第四题中规中矩像 TPO1-4 或 3-4 一样，只举了一个例子说明;第五题的 scheduling conflict 也是老生常谈;第六题谢天谢地没出现实验题和植物学，并且框架非常明了。8 月 22 日托福写作真题回忆：Integrated Writing:READNINGLISTENINGprescribed burning 的利弊1 do harm to animals1 plan time to non-reproducing reason: less young animals, mature are ab

48、le toescape;2 increase pollution level; carbon dioxide heating atmosphere and otherchemicals cause acid rain.2 trees can absorb and fire usually small, guarantee new trees to grow3 cause natural fires, so that it will haveto spend more time, money and resources.3 prescribed burns clear dead woodand decrease fire.Independent Writing:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The most effective way for government to encourage energy conservation is increasing the price of gasoline and ele