新概念第三册Lesson53课件.pptx

1、听听 写写Lesson52 Multiple Choice1.a 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.a 9.c 10.d 11.a 12.d Lesson 53 In the public interestLingIN THE PUBLIC INTERESTWhat could not be reported in the official files?uThe fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners.Why did Sweden introduce the institution of Ombuds

2、man?uSweden introduced the institution of Ombudsman to investigate private grievances against the State.How is an Ombudsman chosen in Sweden?uAn Ombudsman is chosen by a parliamentary committee which represents all political parties.How can the public find out about the Ombudsmans work?uThe public c

3、an find out the Os work through his correspondence which is open to public inspection.New words and expressionsevolvehigh-handedincompetentover-zealouslysafeguardparliamentaryqualifiedgrievancejustiteombudsmansecretivecorrespondencealteraccusationascertainprejudicedprompt evolve v. 1)逐渐形成（develop gr

4、adually） e.g - a system for doing - 形成了一套的体系 e.g - He has d a new system for running the school. e.g - 这个想法是从我在阁楼里发现的一幅画得到启发的 - The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic. 2）进化，进化形成(biology) from/ into e.g - The three species evolved from a single ancestor. - 这三种生物从同一祖先进化而来 e.g - 鱼是由史

5、前海洋生物进化而来的 - Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creature. evolution n.发展，演变（revolution 革命） evolutionism n.进化论（theory of evolution） evolutionist 进化论者 revolve, evolve, involve volve : 转，卷 前缀re-表示again (and again ),所以是旋转 前缀e- (= -ex)表示向外）（卷着的东西）展开-v. (使）发展，（使）进化 Man has evolved from the ape. 前缀in-表示“入内”

6、，involve:卷入，涉及： Dont involve other people in your trouble. 别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。 high-handed adj.高压的，专横的 = overbearing e.g - 实在没有必要这样专横行事 - There was really no need for such high-handed behaviour. henpeck “high-” high-born 出生高贵的 high-class 极好的；上流社会的 high-definition 高清晰度的；高分辨率的 high-end 高档的 high-flying 十分成功

7、的 high-level 级别高的 high-maintenance 费神费力的 high-minded 高尚的 high-perfomance 高性能的 incompetent adj.不够格的 competent adj. 足以胜任的；有能力的 be competent to do/ for sth.= be qualified to do/ for sth.= have competence to do/ for= have qualification to do/ for e.g - 他能够胜任这份工作 - He is competent to do the job. safeguar

8、d v.保护 sth/sb (against/from sth) e.g - 新的安保系统将保护公司免遭盗窃 - The new security system will the company against theft. n. 保护措施 e.g - 强有力的法律保护 - strong legal safeguard grievance n.不平，冤屈 air ones 诉说苦衷 nurse a grievence against sb 对某人心怀不满 grieve v.使悲伤 to: e.g - It s me to see this tragic movie. that: e.g - I

9、t grieved him that he could do nothing to help her. for/over sb/sth 为而悲伤 grief n. correspondence n. 1）来往信件；通信；通信联系 personal/private keep with sb. 保持通信联系 be in column/page 读者来信专栏 2)一致，符合 in with sb.与相一致；与有通信 bring sth. into with sth. 使一致 a between A and B e.g - 这两段摘录如出一辙 - There is a close correspond

10、ence between the two extracts. correspond v. correspondent n. 通讯员，通信者 accusation n.谴责，指控 e.g - 我要有一些证据以后才提出控告 - I dont want to make an until I have some proof. of 关于的指控 (accuse sb. of) e.g - of corrupton/cruelty/racism - 对贪腐/暴行/种族主义的控告 anonymous 匿名指控 against 对.的谴责/指责 e.g - 无人相信她对她丈夫的无端指责 - No one be

11、lieved her wild s against her husband ascertain v.查出，查明(formal) e.g - It can be difficult to ascertain the fact. ascertain that. e.g - 我已查清，驾驶员伤势不重 - I ascertained that the driver was not bady hurt. ascertain wh-. e.g - 警方正设法查清到底发生了什么事 - The police are trying to ascertain what really happened.Pride

12、and Prejudice 简.奥斯汀 prejudiced adj.有偏见的，不公平的 be against sb/sth 对有偏见 e.g - Many employers are against women enployees. e.g - 很少有人会承认自己有种族偏见 - Few people will admit to being racially prejudiced. e.g - I think its an excellent article, but then Im prejudiced - I wrote it! prejudice n.Close your book an

13、d listen again. The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. enlighten 启动；开导；阐明 e.g - 她未向他讲明自己的出身背景 - She didnt him about her background.Text enlightenment n. the Enlightenment （18世纪欧洲的）启蒙运动 enlightening adj. 有启迪作用的 e.g - It was a very ing int

14、erview. enlightened adj.开明的；文明的 e.g - policy/ management Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. protect = safeguard (more formal) The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too. 形近词

15、辨析： adopt v. 采用；收养 e.g - All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem. adoption n. adapt v. 适应； e.g - The organisms were forced to adapt in order to survive. adept adj.&n. be at/in sth/doing sth 熟练的;内行，能手 e.g - Silas proved adept in the art of avoiding potholes in the road. e.g - He i

16、s an adept in the art of persuasion.*the art of. 方法；诀窍；本领 The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. zealous adj. zeal n. 热情；激情 for/in sth zealot n. （尤指宗教或政治的）狂热分

17、子，狂热者 zealotry n. 狂热分子的态度（或行为） civil adj. 1)公民的，民用的，民事的 rights 公民权 servant lawcriminal law case 民事案件 2)国内的 war 内战 3)文明的 e.g - As visitors, the least we can do is be civil to the people in their own land. civilize v. civilization n. .in the belief that they are serving the public. in the believe that

18、 = believe in e.g - He turned to me for help because he believed that I could help him. - He turned to me for help in the belief that I could lend him a hand. - He turned to me for help, believing that I could lend him a hand.informal in the hope that. = hoping in the thought that. = thinking under

19、the impression that. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. introduce 引进；采用，推行 e.g - 推行新的经济措施 - new economic measures e.g - 以民主的方法推行社会改革 - the social changes in democratic way .the interest of the individual. interest usually pl.

20、promote/protect/safeguard sbs interests 为某人的利益游说；保护、维护某人的利益 in ones own interests 为了某人自己的好处 in the best interests of. 对.最有利 in the public interest 为了公众的利益 A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances agains

21、t the State. appoint v. 1)任命，委派 sb. as /to be manager appointee n. 被任命者/律指定的遗产 2)指定（时间、地点），约定 -The date for the sport meet is still to be ed. 尚未确定（有待确定） appointment n.指定，约会 make an 约会；预约（电话） first 第一次约会 The official title of the person is Justiteombudsman, but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the

22、 J.O. or Ombudsman. refer to sb as . 称呼某人为. e.g - 她总是称Ben为“那个大好人” - She always referred to Ben as that nice man. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. be subject to sth/sb 受.支配；服从于 e.g - 我们都要受自然规律的支配 - We are all to the laws of nature. subject 1) n.主题，题目 a book on the of sailing主题为航海的书

23、 chage the 改变话题 2）n.主语object subject clause 主语从句 subjective主观的objective 3）学科n. e.g - Chemistry is not my favourite subject. pressure n.压力 v.强制，压迫 air 大气压力 psychological exert/ put on under the of 在的压力下 -We are ed into making a difficult decision. -我们被迫做出一个艰难的决定。 He investigates complaints large and

24、small that come to him from all levels of society. 形容词短语做定语通常放在被修饰名词的后面 e.g - A great many students boy and girl went to the party yesterday. e.g - Many people old and young visited the shop. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year. be made in

25、 writing = be written down an average of. 平均 e.g - 我平均每天工作8小时 - I work for an average of eight hours a day. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail. in detail(s) 详细地. go into detil(s) 详细叙述；逐一说明 e.g - I cant go into details onw; it would take too long.

26、 - 我现在不能细说，太费工夫。 sb has/have an eye for detail 善于发现并记住细节 the details 细节 反 the main points There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsmans work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. be open to sth 1) 思想开明的；不固执己见的 e.g - Im open to suggestions for what you would like to do in our classe

27、s. - 我很乐意听听你们对课堂活动的建议。 2) 未决定的；待决定的 e.g - The price is not open to negotiation. - 价格不容商议。 an open question have/keep an open mind (about/on sth) keep ones eyes/ears open (for sth) an open book If a citizens complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. on sbs behalf/on behalf of sb 代

28、表（或代替）某人 e.g - On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all. in sbs behalf/in behalf of sb 为帮助某人（US） e.g - We collected money in behalf of the homeless. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law (should) be altered. The following case is a typical exam

29、ple of the Ombudsmans work. (常用句式) e.g - The following article is a fictitious case study designed to demonstrate the practical application of Fair Housing laws in issues faced by landlords and tenants. A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-t

30、reated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. simply because = only because = just because There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigners complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but wh

31、en he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this

32、out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. it is only possible to.by e.g - With pinhole cameras and camera obscura it was only possible to project an image of actual scene, such as an image of the sun, on a surface. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was inform

33、ed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. in question 议论中的/有疑问的 out of the question 不可能；不允许；不值得讨论 prosecute (sb) (for sth/doing sth) 起诉，控告，检举 The Ombudsmans prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed. put an end

34、 to . make an end of. 结束. e.g - 让我们结束这场愚蠢的争吵吧！ - Lets put an end to this foolish quarrel. - Lets make an end of this foolish quarrel. The Ombudsmans prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed. may/ might +have done用法 1）都可用于对过去事物的怀疑和推测，might 比may可能性小 -I

35、t may / might have rained yesterday. 2）may不能用疑问句，通常用might/can 代替 -Might you have met him somewhere? -你是否可能在其他地方见过他呢？ 3)might have done“本来可以/有可能”表感叹或遗憾- might not have done -You might not have told us about it. -你本来可以不告诉我们这件事的。 （might not have done比should not have done委婉）Close your book and listen again.Tell us about any time you have complained about something, and why-in a shop, for example.Topics for discussionPeople wearing uniforms can sometimes be high-handed.What do you think?Do you think that having an Ombudsman is a good idea? Why/Why not?单词背诵课后习题听抄（第三段）HomeworkTHE END