初中元旦节课件ppt.pptx

1、2021元旦简介元旦的由来各国元旦趣闻新年寄语第一部分元 旦 简 介元旦简介元旦，即公历的1月1日，是世界多数国家通称的“新年”。元，谓“始”，凡数之始称为“元”；旦，谓“日”；“元旦”意即“初始之日”。元旦又称“三元”，即岁之元、月之元、时之元。由于地理环境和历法的不同，在不同时代，世界各国、各民族元旦的时间定位各不尽相同。现在，公历日益为世界各国所公认。世界上大多数国家都采用了国际通行的公历，把每年1月1日作为“元旦”。以公历为历法的国家，都以每年公历1月1日为元旦日，举国放假。元旦简介中 国 “ 元 旦 ”中国历史上的“元旦”一词最早出现于晋书。中国历史上的“元旦”指的是“正月一日”，“

2、正月”的计算方法，在汉武帝时期以前是很不统一的，历代的元旦日期并不一致。从汉武帝起，规定阴历一月为“正月”，把一月的第一天称为元旦，一直沿用到清朝末年。辛亥革命后，为了“行夏正，所以顺农时，从西历，所以便统计”，民国元年决定使用公历（实际使用是1912年），并规定阳历1月1日为“新年”，但并不叫“元旦”。1949年中华人民共和国以公历1月1日为元旦，因此“元旦”在中国也被称为“阳历年”、“新历年”或“公历年”。第二部分元旦的由来元 旦 的 由 来元，谓“始”，凡数之始称为“元”；旦，谓“日”；“元旦”意即“初始之日”。元旦又称“三元”，即岁之元、月之元、时之元。由于地理环境和历法的不同，在不同

3、时代，世界各国、各民族元旦的时间定位各不尽相同。现在，公历日益为世界各国所公认。世界上大多数国家都采用了国际通行的公历，把每年1月1日作为“元旦”。以公历为历法的国家，都以每年公历1月1日为元旦日，举国放假在古代中国人的心目中，“元”，是开始的意思；“旦”，是早晨的意思。据史料记载，在中国历史上，“元旦”有许多称谓，如元日、元正、元辰、开年、元春、上日、华岁等，但在诸多称谓中还是以称“元旦”最普遍，时间最长久。元 旦 的 由 来“元旦”的概念，在不同时代、不同国家，具体所指也不尽相同。中国的“元旦”这一概念，历来指的是正月一日。“正月”的计算方法，在汉武帝时期以前也是很不统一的。因此，历代的元

4、旦月、日也并不一致。夏朝的夏历以春季一月为正月，商朝的殷历以冬季十二月为正月，周朝的周历以冬季十一月为正月。秦始皇统一中国后，又以冬季十月为正月，即十月初一为元旦。从汉武帝起，规定春季一月为正月，把一月的第一天称为元旦，一直沿用到清朝末年。发展变化元 旦 的 由 来发展变化“元旦”一词最早出现于晋书：“颛帝以孟夏正月为元，其实正朔元旦之春。 ”汉代崔瑗三子钗铭中叫“元正”、晋代庾阐扬都赋一赋中称作“元辰”、北齐时的元会大享歌皇夏辞一辞中呼为“元春”、唐德宗-李适元日退朝观军仗归营一诗中谓之“元朔”。南北朝时，南朝文史学家萧子云的介雅诗中有“四季新元旦，万寿初春朝”的记载。宋代吴自牧梦粱录中有关

5、于：“正月朔日，谓之元旦，俗呼为新年。一岁节序，此为之首。”的记载。“元旦”一词系中国“土产” ，在中国农历中已沿用4000多年，但现行公历“元旦”为1949年所定，随着2016年的到来，它只有“70岁”。每年1月1日，标志着新一年的到来，人们习惯将这一天称为“元旦”，俗称“公历年”、“阳历年”或“新历年”。元 旦 的 由 来相关传说中国的元旦起于三皇五帝之一的颛顼，距今已有5000多年的历史。传说二：在4000多年前远古的尧、舜盛世之时，尧在位时勤政于民为百姓办了很多好事，很受广大百姓爱戴，但因其子无才不太成器，他没把“部落联盟”的首领位传给自己的儿子，而是传给了品德才能兼备的舜。尧对舜说：

6、“你今后一定要把帝位传交好，待我死后也可安心瞑目了。”后来舜把帝位传给了治洪水有功的禹，禹亦像舜那样亲民爱民为百姓做了很多好事，都十分受人爱戴。后来人们把尧死后，舜帝祭祀天地和先帝尧的那一天，当作一年的开始之日，把农历正月初一称为“元旦”，或“元正”。据说这就是古代“元旦”的由来。 第三部分各国元旦趣闻各 国 元 旦 趣 闻晋代诗人辛兰曾有元正诗：“元正启令节，嘉庆肇自兹。咸奏万年觞，小大同悦熙。”记述元旦庆贺情景。现代中国的元旦，根据中国政府将其列入法定假日，成为全国人民的节日。放假一天，后常常将当日前或后双休日调整，一般连续休息三天。现代中国对元旦的庆祝较之春节，重要性要小得多。一般机关、

7、企业会举行年终集体庆祝活动，但民间活动很少。习俗文化西方元旦：西元前46年，古罗马凯撒把这一天定为西历新年的开始，为了祝福双面神“Janus”，这位罗马神话中的门神，“Janus”后来也演化为英文一月“January”这个词。各 国 元 旦 趣 闻元旦前一天，家家户户都必须做到瓶中有酒，橱中有肉。英国人认为，如果没有余下的酒肉，来年便会贫穷。除此之外，英国还流行新年“打井水”的风俗，人们都争取第一个去打水，认为第一个打水的人为幸福之人，打来的水是吉祥之水。英国在比利时，元旦的早上，农村中的第一件事便是向畜拜年。人们走到牛、马、羊、狗、猫等动物身边，煞有介事地向这些生灵通明：“新年快乐！”比利时

8、各 国 元 旦 趣 闻德国人在元旦期间，家家户户都要摆上一棵枞树和横树，树叶间系满绢花，表示繁花似锦，春满人间。他们在除夕午夜新年光临前一刻，爬到椅子上，钟声一响，他们就跳下椅子，并将一重物抛向椅背后，以示甩去祸患，跳入新年。在德国的农村还流传着一种“爬树比赛”的过新年风俗，以示步步高升。德国以酒来庆祝新年，人们从除夕起开始狂欢痛饮，直到1月3日才终止。法国人认为元旦这一天的天气预示着新的一年的年景。元旦清晨他们就上街看风向来占卜：刮南风，预兆风调雨顺，这一年会是平安而炎热；刮西风，有一个捕鱼和挤奶的丰收年；刮东风，水果将高产；刮北风，则是歉收年。法国各 国 元 旦 趣 闻意大利的除夕是一个狂

9、欢之夜，当夜幕开始降临，成千上万的人们涌向街头，点燃爆竹和焰火，甚至鸣放真枪实弹。男男女女翩翩起舞，直至午夜。家家户户收拾旧物，将屋子里一些可打碎的东西，摔个粉碎，旧盆子、瓶瓶罐罐统统扔到门外，表示去掉厄运和烦恼，这是他们辞旧岁迎新年的传统方式。意大利瑞士人有元旦健身的习惯，他们有的成群结队去爬山，站在山顶面对冰天雪地，大声歌唱美好的生活；有的在山林中沿着长长的雪道滑雪，仿佛在寻找幸福之路；有的举行踩高跷比赛，男女老幼齐上阵，互祝身体健康。他们以健身来迎接新一年的到来。瑞士各 国 元 旦 趣 闻元旦前夜，人们在广场上竖起高大的圣诞树，搭起舞台。市民们一边烧着焰火，一边载歌载舞。农村人拉着木犁，

10、上面装饰着各种彩花，庆祝新年。罗马尼亚元旦用餐时，谁打喷嚏谁准会给全家人带来幸福，家主将第一只羊、牛或马驹许给他，以祝愿他给全家人带来幸福。保加利亚元旦时，家家都要做一个大蛋糕，里面放一枚银币。主人将蛋糕切若干块，分给家人或来访的亲朋好友。谁吃到带有银币的那块蛋糕，谁就成了新年最幸运的人，大家都向他祝贺。希腊各 国 元 旦 趣 闻西班牙人在元旦前夕，所有家庭成员都团聚在一起，以音乐和游戏相庆贺。午夜来临，十二点的钟声刚开始敲第一响，大家便争着吃葡萄。如果能按钟声吃下12颗，便象征着新年的每个月都一切如意。西班牙第四部分新 年 寄 语新 年 寄 语老师：过年好!您的博爱给予我灵魂，您的艰辛教育我

11、成长。愿您的汗水化做无数颗冰凌花让您欣慰!让您快乐! 这一刻，有我最深的思念。让云捎去满心的祝福，点缀你甜蜜的梦，愿你拥有一个幸福快乐的新年! 我把新世纪的祝福和希望，悄悄地放在将融的雪被下，让它们，沿着春天的秧苗生长，送给你满年的丰硕与芬芳!祝福是份真心意，不是千言万语的表白。感谢你的关怀，感谢你的帮助，感谢你对我做的一切任何时间，请接受我最真心的祝愿! 在这个充满喜悦的日子里，在长久的离别后，愿新年的钟声代给你一份宁静和喜悦，和新世纪的祝福。元旦表示年新的一年，新的开始，万事从头起，良好的开端是成功的一半祝你永远是成功者!感谢大家聆听2121赠送2套彩色创意商务可一键删除可一键删除并列关系

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