推动亚太经合组织城市可持续发展.pptx

1、Scaling up APEC Sustainable Urban Development from Models to Results推动亚太经合组织城市可持续发展推动亚太经合组织城市可持续发展由模式向成果迈进由模式向成果迈进14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 2APEC Sustainable Energy Center APSEC亚太经合组织可持续能源中心亚太经合组织可持续能源中心APEC Sustainable Energy Center (APSEC) was

2、established at the 11th APEC Energy Ministerial Meeting in 2014, and mentioned in the 22nd APEC Leaders Declaration. It is a major achievement of the Chinese government responding positively to the initiative of APEC leaders to participate in energy cooperation in APEC region. 23rd APEC Leaders Decl

3、aration 11th EMM, Beijing Declaration, China22nd APEC Leaders Declaration 12th EMM, Cebu Declaration, Philippines14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 3APSEC MissionAPSEC的任务的任务1. To promote pragmatic cooperation on sustainable energy development among APEC e

4、conomics;2. To act as National Energy Administrations think-tank on conducting strategic research and international cooperation in the field of sustainable energy developmentCCT Pillar ProgramClean Coal TechnologyCNSC Pillar Program Cooperative Network of Sustainable CitiesEvents:Two WorkshopsThe An

5、nual Forum 14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 4亚太经合组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织可持续发展赤字亚太经合组织可持续发展赤字2015 - 20302015 - 2030年的应对政策年的应对政策结论结论: :合作策略合作策略14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 5APEC Sustainable Urban Develop

6、ment Report亚太经合组织可持续城市发展报告亚太经合组织可持续城市发展报告Output of self-funded project EWG 11 2018 S First draft presented at the 4th Asia-Pacific Energy Sustainable Development Forum, September 2018Final draft endorsed by APEC-EWGElectronic version https:/www.apec.org/Publications/2019/04/APEC-Sustainable-Urban-De

7、velopment-Report-From-Models-to-Results 14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 6Urbanization trends in APEC亚太经合组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织城市化趋势Urban Population (Millions) 1950 - 2050APEC: 85% contribution of cities to GDP growth APEC201914th Conference on Urban Development

8、 and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 7Per capita GDP 1990 - 2015Per capita GDP vs % urban population (World Bank)Urbanized yet poor countriesRural yet (a little bit) better off countriesAPECWorldUrbanization trends in APEC亚太经合组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织城市化趋势14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning

9、, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 8Role of concentration集中的角色集中的角色High-rise buildingsMore and more traffic lanes14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 9Vicious growth circle of cities城市恶性循环城市恶性循环Six of the twelve biggest citiesof the world are in APECCities are

10、engines of economic growthMore than 90% of all supertall builings (300 meters) being constructed, planned or envisioned are in APEC citiesAdditional traffic lanes do notnecessarily diminish congestionLack of growth14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 10亚太经合

11、组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织可持续发展赤字亚太经合组织可持续发展赤字2015 - 20302015 - 2030年的应对政策年的应对政策结论结论: :合作策略合作策略14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 11General lack of circularity普遍缺乏循环性普遍缺乏循环性Uncollected plastic wasteMunicipal solid waste collection rate14th Conference on Urb

12、an Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 12Insufficient disaster resilience灾难恢复能力不足灾难恢复能力不足Insufficient disaster resilienceHigh economic losses due to disastersAPEC harder hit than the rest of the world14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 1

13、3Insufficient GDP-CO2 Decoupling不足不足GDP-CO2解耦解耦CO2 not yet peakingCO2 intensity improvingWorldAPECGT/yearAPECWorldTons/million ppp USDIPCC: phase out CO2 by 20501% improvement p.a. 1990 2014 not enoughchange14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 14Danger of s

14、lum formation贫民窟形成的危险贫民窟形成的危险Good news: % slum declines with increasing urban share . Bad news: . But not below 30%.Reason: Income inequality not disappearingwith trade14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 15Lack of SDG relevant data缺乏缺乏SDGSDG相关数据相关数据0102030

15、40506070801 No poverty2 Zero hunger3 Good health and well-being4 Quality education5 Gender equality6 Clean water and sanitation7 Affordable and clean energy8 Decent work and economic growth9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure10 Reduced inequalities11 Sustainable cities and communities12 Respons

16、ible consumption and production13 Climate action14 Life below water15 Life on land16 Peace, justice and strong institutionsPercentage of data available in UN-ESCAP countriesOverall average: 27%SDG 7 (Energy): bestSDG 13 & 14: worst (0)At urban level: even less data available14th Conference on Urban

17、Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 16Synopsis of 5 sustainability deficits of APEC cities亚太经合组织城市可持续发展赤字概述亚太经合组织城市可持续发展赤字概述Sustainability deficitsGeneral lack of circularityInsufficient disasterresilienceLack of decoupling of CO2emissions from economic growthDanger of slum format

18、ionLack of city statistics14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 17亚太经合组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织可持续发展赤字亚太经合组织可持续发展赤字2015 - 20302015 - 2030年的应对政策年的应对政策结论结论: :合作策略合作策略14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 18Policy Respon

19、ses by the UN: Sendai DRR Framework联合国的政策回应联合国的政策回应:仙台仙台DRR框架框架Adopted in March 2015 at the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, JapanEndorsed by the UN General Assembly in June 2015Quantitative targets:1) Substantially reduce global disaster mortality per 100,000 in the decad

20、e 2020-2030 compared to 2005 - 20152) Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally per 100,000 in the decade 2020-2030 compared to 2005 - 20153) Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030;4) Substantially reduce disaster damage to c

21、ritical infrastructure and disruption of basic services including through developing their resilience by 20305) Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020Explicitly referenced in SDG target 11.b adopted in September 201514th Conf

22、erence on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 19Policy Responses by the UN: SDGs联合国的政策回应联合国的政策回应:可持续发展目标可持续发展目标Goal 13: Acknowledges that the UNFCCC is the primary forum for negotiating the global response to climate changeAdopted in September 2015 by the UN General Assembly

23、 as integral part of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable DevelopmentComprehensively addressing development issues of the developing as well as developed countries 17 goals containing 169 targetsQuantifiable targets (e.g. “substantially reduce”) can be quantified at national or local levels14th Confer

24、ence on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 20Policy Responses by the UN: Paris Climate Agreement联合国的政策回应联合国的政策回应:巴黎气候协议巴黎气候协议Adopted in December 2015 at the 21st Conference of the UNFCCC in Paris Objective: to hold the global average temperature increase “well below 2C abov

25、e pre-industrial levels”, with efforts to limit it to 1.5C above pre-industrial levelInvites contracting parties to submit intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) for the time horizon 2030 and to update them every five years14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 2

26、7 28 August 2019 21Synopsis of the Policy Responses by the UN联合国政策回应概要联合国政策回应概要Included inConcretized by14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 22APEC Policy Responses on Energy亚太经合组织能源政策回应亚太经合组织能源政策回应APEC Energy Ministers Meeting Beijing 2014: “We aspire to t

27、he goal of doubling the share of renewables in the APEC energy mix, including in power generation, from 2010 levels by 2030”.2010: “We will create low-carbon communities in the region”.2000: “We welcome the new energy security initiative”2009: “We will rationalise and phase out fossil fuel subsidies

28、 .”14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 23APEC Policy Responses on Urbanization (2014)亚太经合组织城镇化政策回应亚太经合组织城镇化政策回应(2014)(2014)2014: “We endorse the APEC Cooperation Initiative for Jointly Establishing an Asia-Pacific Urbanization Partnership”.2014 Ministerial

29、 Meeting also agreed 1) to set up a Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) Friends of the Chair on Urbanization and 2) to establish a cooperative network of sustainable cities in APEC economies 14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 24APEC Policy Response on DRR (201

30、5)亚太经合组织亚太经合组织DRR政策回应政策回应(2015)“We endorse the APEC Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Framework”Explicitly referencing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 25亚太经合组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织城市化趋势亚太经合组织可持续发展赤字亚太经合组织可持续发展赤字2015 -

31、 20302015 - 2030年的应对政策年的应对政策结论结论: :合作策略合作策略14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 26Elements of the Results-Oriented Cooperative Strategy以成果为导向的合作战略要素以成果为导向的合作战略要素Objective:Scale up APEC sustainable urbanization within EWG and link it to other APEC bodies wit

32、hin and beyond EWG.Method:Introduce results-oriented monitoring (ROM) into the integrated urban planning of volunteering cities14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 27Monitored Energy Indicators能源监测指标能源监测指标APEC energy targetCity-level targetCity-level annual

33、 data series Reducing energy intensity by 45% (2005 2035)City-level energy intensity City-level energy consumption (or supply), and city-level GDPDoubling renewables share from 10 to 20% (2010 2030)City-level renewables shareCity-level energy consumption (or supply), and city-level renewables consum

34、ption (or supply)Enhancing energy securityEnergy storage within cityInstalled energy storage capacity within cityLow-carbon development City-level low carbon energy production (incl. waste to energy and wastewater to energy)City-level low carbon energy consumption (or supply)Phasing out fossil fuel

35、subsidiesNot directly applicable to cities; hence use a proxy: Proportion of waste treatment cost that is covered by sale of municipal solid waste-to-energy or wastewater-to-energyAnnual cost of treating municipal solid waste, and annual revenue from sale of municipal solid waste-to-energy incinerat

36、ion or wastewater-to-energy treatment 14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 28Monitored Emissions Indicators监控排放指标监控排放指标UNFCCC emissions targetsCity-level targetCity-level annual data seriesParis Agreement INDCsCity-level INDC proxies, depending on the caseC

37、ity-level CO2 emissions, and possibly city-level BAU, or city-level base year, or city-level GDP, or city-level reforestation (depending on the respective INDC)14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 29Monitored DRR IndicatorsDRR监测指标监测指标Sendai framework target

38、sCity-level targetCity-level annual data seriesSubstantially reduce global disaster mortality per 100,000 in period 2020-2030 compared to period 2005 - 2015idemAnnual city-level disaster mortality since 2005, and local populationSubstantially reduce people affected by disasters per 100,000 ) in peri

39、od 2020-2030 compared to period 2005 - 2015idemAnnual number of city-level people affected by disasters since 2005, and local populationReduce economic loss from disaster in relation to GDPidemAnnual economic city-level disaster-related loss, and city-level GDPSubstantially reduce disaster damage to

40、 critical infrastructureidemAnnual damage to municipal infrastructures (incl. energy, transport, water, health, education, communication)Elaborate economy-wide disaster risk reduction strategyElaborate city-level disaster risk reduction strategyElaborate city-level disaster risk reduction strategy a

41、nd establish coherence with integrated urban planning14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 30Integration into the policy cycle融入政策周期融入政策周期Provide assistance to cities at each step14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019

42、 31Compatibility with GPC: international reporting standard for cities与与GPCGPC兼容兼容: :国际城市报告标准国际城市报告标准GPC has been specially created for allowing aggregation of local data to higher levels, avoiding double-counting or omissions14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August

43、 2019 32APEC Cooperation partners亚太经合组织合作伙伴亚太经合组织合作伙伴APEC CitiesPlatformConceptorAdopting authorityInterested EWG bodiesInformed authorities14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 33Desired APEC city spectrum亚太经合组织城市频谱亚太经合组织城市频谱Geographic diversity within APEC

44、: at least one city from each APEC sub-region; build upon the existing APSEC City Network CNSC City size: Representing a mix of very large, large, medium and small citiesSustainability Deficit: High Disaster Risk or High per capita CO2 emissions or High energy intensity Low level of Integrated Urban

45、 Planning: level felt to be insufficientEnhancing city-to-city cooperation: choose a few advanced cities as knowledge partners14th Conference on Urban Development and Planning, Zhengzhou, 27 28 August 2019 34Possible Follow up projects 2019 20212019 - 2021年可能跟进的项目年可能跟进的项目Supporting Key SDGs and APEC

46、 goals with Integrated Urban Planning Case studies for selected APEC cities Self-funded project to be submitted to EWGTimeline: June 2019 - December 2019Results-Oriented Monitoring of APEC cities APEC funded project to follow after completion of the preceding projectTimeline: 2020 - 202135THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION！