介词用法大全-ppt课件.ppt

1、2020/10/151Grammar2020/10/152介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续六六年的广东高考中都有专门考查介词的，年的广东高考中都有专门考查介词的，占语法填空的五分之一。主要考点有：占语法填空的五分之一。主要考点有：考点解密考点解密精品资料2020/10/154the villagers who had gathered around the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have me were arguing as to who shou

2、ld have the honour of receiving me _a guest the honour of receiving me _a guest in their house. in their house. (2007NMET)(2007NMET)思路分析：句意是思路分析：句意是“把我作为客人接待把我作为客人接待”，表示表示“当作，作为当作，作为”用介词用介词asas。asas2020/10/155I wanted to reward the old woman I wanted to reward the old woman _the trouble I had caused

3、 her. _the trouble I had caused her. (2007NMET)(2007NMET)思路分析：句意是思路分析：句意是“我想酬谢我给她造成我想酬谢我给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。” ” 表示表示“因因而酬谢而酬谢/ /报答某人报答某人”，是，是reward reward sb.sb. for sth, for sth,即用即用forfor引出原因引出原因, ,故填故填forfor。类似的。类似的还有还有thank you sb. for sth; thank you sb. for sth; praise sb. for sth.; pun

4、ish sb. for sth.praise sb. for sth.; punish sb. for sth.forfor2020/10/156He was very tired _ doing this for a He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day. whole day. (2008NMET(2008NMET广东广东) )思路分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之思路分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填后，故填afterafter；另外，表示；另外，表示“因因而而累累”，be tired frombe tired from也是固定短

5、语，故也也是固定短语，故也可填可填fromfrom。Be tired of Be tired of 对对厌倦厌倦I am tired of living abroad. I am tired of living abroad. 我对生活在国外感到厌倦了。我对生活在国外感到厌倦了。after/after/fromfrom2020/10/157Chinese proverbs are rich and they are Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily still wi

6、dely used in Chinese peoples daily life. life. _ these proverbs there are often these proverbs there are often interesting stories. interesting stories. (2008NMET(2008NMET广东广东) )思路分析：因思路分析：因these proverbsthese proverbs是名词，且不是名词，且不是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是填介词；句意是“在中国的这些成语故事在中国的这些成语故

7、事的背后常常有有趣的故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示，表示“在在背后背后”，用介词，用介词behindbehind。BehindBehind/In/In2020/10/158Jane stopped where a small crowd of menJane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _ sale. (2009) quality pipes _ sale. (2009)因表示因表示“出

8、售出售”的的on saleon sale是固定搭配。是固定搭配。 ononWhen Jane got home, with her small but When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having supper. already _ table having supper. Her mother was excited. “

9、Your father has at last Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane decided to stop smoking,” Jane _( (inform). (2009NMETinform). (2009NMET广东广东) )at was informed2020/10/159His teacher took a deep drink,smiledHis teacher took a deep drink,smiled_(warm), and thanked

10、 his_(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home_The young man went home_a happy heart.(2010a happy heart.(2010广东广东) ) We understand this lesson best _ We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from chil

11、dren.we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea withinappreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. th

12、e gift rather than the thing. warmlywarmlywithwithwhenwhen2020/10/1510 I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him_ him but I didnt like leaving him_ 23_his own either.(201123_his own either.(2011广东）广东）.the new boy looked

13、 at the teacher _ 23_ .the new boy looked at the teacher _ 23_ a few seconds .a few seconds .（20122012广东）广东）onfor2020/10/15111. 1. 什么情况下可能是填介词？什么情况下可能是填介词？我们首先必须知道两点：我们首先必须知道两点：(1)(1)介词必须要接宾语介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者词、代词、动名词，或者whatwhat从句；从句；(2)(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主主语、动词的宾语、介词的

14、宾语语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。因此，我们在解答语法填空时，因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。这个格空就很可能是填介词。解题技巧解题技巧2020/10/15122. 应该填哪个介词？应该填哪个介词？在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。2020/

15、10/1513第一类：和时间有关的介词第一类：和时间有关的介词 2020/10/15141. in at on1) _ the day 2) _ the evening 3) _ daybreak 4) _ midnight5)_ six oclock 6) _ dusk7) _ a cold day 8) _ a summer evening9) _ Sunday 10) _ December 12th 2009早、晚早、晚 都要用都要用inat 黎明、午、夜、点与分黎明、午、夜、点与分on在特定的某一天或某天的上午在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午下午,晚上等晚上等ininatatatato

16、nononon2020/10/1515 注：注：1)_ weekends 2)_ Christmas/ Easter3)_ May 4) _ a week 5)_ the fall6) He will come back _ ten days7) _ arriving, we started to work.8）He jumped with joy_ hearing the news. 在周末和泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节等前用在周末和泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节等前用at说到星期，月份，季节，世纪等较长的时间时，说到星期，月份，季节，世纪等较长的时间时，要用要用in在将来时中，在将来时中，in加

17、加一一段时间表示多久以后段时间表示多久以后 on+ doing “一一就就.”= on +该动词的名词形式该动词的名词形式 atatininininonOn2020/10/15162. before / after ; ago / later 1) _ supper 2) _1970 3) _ coming to college4) A week _ 5) a minute _6) Ten days _ before, after表表时间时间点；点；ago, later表表时间时间段段注：注：1) He had studied French for four years _ he came h

18、ere.2) He fell ill three days _ before可接完成时，可接完成时，ago过去时有限过去时有限before/afterbefore/afterbefore/afterago/laterago/laterago/laterbeforeago2020/10/15173. to till/ untilThey worked from five _ ten Lets start now and work _ darkHe usually pays me on Friday but last week he didnt pay me _ the fol-lowing Mo

19、ndayWell stay here _ it stops raining from.to till / until not.untiltotill/untiltill/untiltill/until2020/10/15184. from, since , forShe is singing_ morning to night. He has been here_ Monday He left school in 1983I havent seen him _ thenI havent seen Tom _ two years.He travelled in the desert _ six

20、monthsfrom和和to不可分；不可分； since只用完成时只用完成时, 从句常是一般过从句常是一般过去时去时for常接常接一段时一段时间间fromsince since forfor2020/10/15195. by +时间时间 “在这一时刻或者是在这一时刻在这一时刻或者是在这一时刻之前之前”，且常常可以和完成时连用，且常常可以和完成时连用火车火车6点点10分发车，所以你最好在分发车，所以你最好在6点之前到点之前到达火车站。达火车站。The train starts at 6 10，so you had better be at the station by 6 00.到到7月底我将已

21、把那些书全读完了。月底我将已把那些书全读完了。By the end of July Ill have read all those books2020/10/15206. during in within1) I learned a lot _ the holiday/my stay there.2) She was born _ 1997.3) Mr Black visited our school _ 2009, not 20084) They worked hard. They finished the work _ 2 days at last. During和和in两者在一般情况下可

22、以相互替换，但是两者在一般情况下可以相互替换，但是强调动作的强调动作的延续性延续性时候常用时候常用during，而强调动作，而强调动作发生在段时间中的发生在段时间中的某一点某一点时候常用时候常用in，同，同时，当表示时，当表示对比对比的时候，常用的时候，常用in。within强调的是强调的是不超过不超过.， 在在之内之内During ininwithin2020/10/15217. over+时间时间 强调强调“过完过完”，有时表示，有时表示“一一边边一边一边”他的孙儿孙女们将在这过完周末。他的孙儿孙女们将在这过完周末。 His grandchildren will stay over the

23、 weekends.他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。 They chatted over a cup of coffee. 8. throughout强调强调 “从头至尾从头至尾”， “至始至至始至终终”整个会议过程中他一句话都没有说。整个会议过程中他一句话都没有说。He kept silent throughout the meeting.2020/10/15229. towards +时间时间 表示表示 “接近，快到接近，快到”快到半夜了他们才离开。快到半夜了他们才离开。They left towards midnight.注：注：1) Our teacher is ver

24、y patient towards us.2) The little boy ran towards his mother. towards 还可表示对待还可表示对待(某人某人)和和(朝朝)方向方向 相当于相当于to2. in + 时间段时间段 在在之后（内），之后（内），多用于将来时多用于将来时 after +时间段时间段 在在之后，之后， 多用于过去时多用于过去时 1. Mr Brown has gone to Canada.He will be back _ two weeks. A. for B. after C. in 2. Our manager came back _ an ho

25、ur. A. in B. after C. at 3. They have been here _ an hour. A. for B. after C. in2020/10/1524第二类第二类 表示方位的介词表示方位的介词2020/10/1525in at 1)He lives _ a great city while his parents live _ a village.2)There is a shop _the corner of the street.3) He hid the book _ the corner of the desk.4). He was swimming

26、_ the lake.5). They were walking _ the lake. 小小地方地方at, 大大地方地方in; at表附近，表附近，in表里表里注意：注意：at seainininatatat2020/10/1526in intoI poured the beer _ the cup.He put his hands _ his pockets.Someone must have broken _. into常常表示进入常常表示进入.；而；而in一般无此用一般无此用3. in to onTaiwan lies _ the east of China Taiwan is _ t

27、he southeast of Fujian .China faces the Pacific _ the east. in内内 to外，外，on表接壤表接壤intointoinintoon2020/10/1527on above over; below underThere is a lake_ the village, further down the valley. Theres a bridge _ the river.Theres a bag _ the desk. above, below斜上斜上/下方下方，over, under垂直垂直上上/下方下方， on是一般要接触是一般要接

28、触They are children above six years old. In the company, Dick ranks above Tom He considered himself above doing such things. above还可表年龄、职位和不屑还可表年龄、职位和不屑The car is under repair.under还可以表示正在还可以表示正在之中之中under discussion/ constructionbelowoveron2020/10/1528beneath太阳此刻落到地平线下了。太阳此刻落到地平线下了。 The sun is now be

29、neath the horizon beneath 可以代替可以代替underHe is beneath his brother intellectually. He considered that job beneath him beneath也可表抽象和比喻也可表抽象和比喻 “低于低于” “不适合不适合”2020/10/15296. through, across, over, by1) He went _ the forest by himself.2) He walked _ me without speaking.3) You must be careful when you wal

30、k _ the road.4) He jumped _ the wall across (从物体从物体表面表面)跨越跨越, 越过越过 through (从物体从物体中间中间)穿透穿透, 穿越穿越 over (从物体从物体上面上面）跃过）跃过by 在在.旁边旁边through byacrossover2020/10/1530 across (从物体从物体表面表面)跨越跨越, 越过越过 through (从物体从物体中间中间)穿透穿透, 穿越穿越 over (从物体从物体上面上面）跃过）跃过2020/10/15317. to at He shouted _ me with anger.He sho

31、uted _ me so that I could hear him. at 侧重是攻击，侧重是攻击，to一般是善意一般是善意 come to/at talk to/ at present (a knife) to/atatto2020/10/15328. between, among1). The girl sits _ Jane and Mary.2). The teacher is standing _ the students. between 是两，是两，among 是大于等于三是大于等于三注：注：1) She takes some medicine _ three meals.三者

32、以上事物三者以上事物, 把这些事物分别看待，强调两两之间把这些事物分别看待，强调两两之间的时候仍用的时候仍用between2) I am _ the top students. among还可表示包括在其中还可表示包括在其中=be included inbetweenamong2020/10/15339. beyond 在在的那一边的那一边山那边是一片浓密的森林。山那边是一片浓密的森林。 Beyond the mountains is a thick forest. 注：注：1) Its benefits go beyond this. 2) Dont stay there beyond th

33、e visiting hours.3) The road continues beyond the village upinto the hill.beyond还可以表示超出还可以表示超出.范围范围beyond the ordinary/ the age of 20/ones reach/ ones description/ ones grasp2020/10/1534against 表示靠着，依着表示靠着，依着他的办公桌靠墙放着。他的办公桌靠墙放着。 His desk lies against the wall. 注：注：1) We bought some warm clothes agai

34、nst the coming winter 2) The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 3) She has said nothing against you. 4) It is against the school rules to speak in class.against还可以表示还可以表示预防预防，以以为背景为背景，不利不利于于， 违反违反等意思等意思2020/10/1535along 沿着，顺着沿着，顺着沿着长平路一直往前走沿着长平路一直往前走, 穿过两个十字路口穿过两个十字路口后你就会发现

35、沃尔玛超市在你的左手边后你就会发现沃尔玛超市在你的左手边.Walk along Changping Road and go across two crossings. And then you will find the Wal-Mart Market is on your left.注：注：1). Come along with us.2). Get along well with others. along还可以表示还可以表示 “和和.一起一起”2020/10/153612. off (从从上上)移开、落下、离开移开、落下、离开 see / take / set / fall. off 在

36、在(离岸边不远的离岸边不远的)海面海面; 与与相距相距 islands off the coast The ship sank off the harbor. 注：注：1) My hometown is more than 1,000 off. 2) The day for CEE is about 200 days off. 空间或时间上的相距空间或时间上的相距 3) I will be off tomorrow. 离开或休假离开或休假 4) The electricity is off. 断电断电 5) He offered to take 10% off the price. 低于低于.

37、; 折价折价2020/10/1537第三类第三类 和原因有关的介词和原因有关的介词1. for表示原因经常用在一些固定搭配中：表示原因经常用在一些固定搭配中：thank /forgive/reward/admirefor2. with 后面接词或短语后面接词或短语他们欣喜若狂。他们欣喜若狂。 They were wild with joy. tremble with fear/laughter/ cold be tired with/ hands are rough with work3. at 常放在表示情绪变化的此后常放在表示情绪变化的此后be shocked at/ puzzled at

38、/ amused at/ delighted at/ angry at sth2020/10/1538 in 用材料、语言、声音、现金等用材料、语言、声音、现金等with 用具体的工具、身体器官等用具体的工具、身体器官等（有形的）（有形的）by 用方式、方法、手段用方式、方法、手段（无形的）（无形的）;交通通讯工具交通通讯工具1. My mother often go to work _ bike.2. If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me _ phone.3.The teacher is writing on

39、the paper _ red ink and the blackboard _ a piece of chalk.4.Can you say it _ English?5. Please pay _ cash.6. My American friend is learning to eat _ chopsticks. 7. One smells _his nose.第四类 表示方式、手段的介词bybyinwithininwithwith2020/10/1539注注: by+交通工具的名词交通工具的名词=in /on+冠词冠词+交通工具交通工具 by bike= on a bike by bu

40、s= on a bus by car= in a car 但是但是on foot 例外例外 2020/10/1540第五类第五类 表示除外的介词表示除外的介词1. but 表示排除表示排除, 多与多与nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who 等连用。等连用。当当but前有前有do的任何形式，后接动词原形。的任何形式，后接动词原形。2. besides 表示包含表示包含, 除除 . 之外还有之外还有.3. except 表示排除表示排除, 除除 .之外。之外。指的是同一类中除去指的是同一类中除去其他个体。其他个体。4.

41、 except for 表示除去整体中的部分表示除去整体中的部分,指的是同一物中指的是同一物中除去例外的一部分除去例外的一部分 “只是只是, 只不过只不过”5. apart from =except / besides 2020/10/15411. There is no one here _ me.2. Last night I did nothing _ watch TV.3. We go there every day _Sunday.4. The composition is quite good _ the spelling.5. _ basketball, I like playi

42、ng Pingpang.6. You have no choice _ to wait.7. Li Long is a good student _ his laziness. butbutexceptexcept forBesidesbutexcept for2020/10/1542第六类第六类 表示所属关系的介词表示所属关系的介词 to, of, for to, of, for1) Have you got the key _ the lock?2) Do you know the answer _ the question?3) He broke one leg _ the table.

43、4) Are you used to the customs _ the country?5) There is not enough food _ supper.6) I have two tickets _ the film. to key、answer、reply、invitation、Monument、note、exit、entrances 、bridge、road、way、solution、visit of 表表“所有所有”关系。关系。(即即: 介词介词of前的事物是后面事前的事物是后面事物不可分割的部分物不可分割的部分) for 表表 “适合适合”关系关系.(即即:介词介词for前

44、的事物只适合后面前的事物只适合后面这一特定事物这一特定事物)totoofofforfor2020/10/1543第第七七类类 表示关于的表示关于的onon和和aboutabout1) The teacher told us a story _ Lei Feng. 2) Were going to listen to a lecture _ African history this afternoon. on与与about 一般情况下，二者可以互相替换一般情况下，二者可以互相替换。about 常用于简单的或浅显的论述等，是一常用于简单的或浅显的论述等，是一般用语，多用于讲故事，谈话；思考等般用语

45、，多用于讲故事，谈话；思考等 on 多用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等，多用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等，具有学术性具有学术性abouton2020/10/1544第第八八类类 表示增加或减少表示增加或减少 1) Compared with last year, the price has risen _ 30%.2) The population has increased from 1.2milion _ 1.8 million. by表示在原有的基础上增加或减少表示在原有的基础上增加或减少了了 to表示总数增加或减少表示总数增加或减少到到.byto2020/10/1545第第九九类类 表示

46、价格表示价格, ,比率比率, ,标准标准, ,速度的介词速度的介词 at 表示价值，价格表示价值，价格, 比率或速度比率或速度, 表单价表单价. for 表示交换表示交换, 指总价钱指总价钱 by 表示度量单位或标准表示度量单位或标准. 后接表计量单位的名词一后接表计量单位的名词一般是单数般是单数,前面需加定冠词前面需加定冠词the. 数词或复数名词数词或复数名词前不加前不加.1. We are flying _ a speed of 400kms/hr.2. I bought these books _ 5 dollars each.3. I bought these books _ 30

47、dollars.4. He is paid _ the week.atatforby2020/10/1546第第十十类类 as , likeHe has been playing tennis as a professional for two years.He plays tennis like a professional.The wine improves with age.Do as I do.as: 介词介词-作为，如同作为，如同 连词连词-随着随着; 按照按照 with-介词介词随着随着”like: 介词介词-像，跟像，跟.一样一样 unlike; “比如比如” 动词动词-喜欢喜欢

48、 dislike1. 随着时间的流逝，她原谅了他。随着时间的流逝，她原谅了他。As time went by, she forgave him.With time going by, she forgave him.2. _ a student, you should study hard.3. _ many students, he studies hard.AsLike2020/10/15471. The old man cannot walk _ a stick.2. We got there _ any trouble. 3. It wasnt very polite of you t

49、o serve yourself _ asking. 4. We were _ electricity for three hours but its on again now. withoutwithoutwithoutwithout2020/10/1548 1. without +宾语+形容词 All the things in his house were stolen without the door open. 他屋里的所有东西都被偷了，而门没有打开。 2. without+宾语+副词Id be lost without you here. 没有你在这儿，我会一筹莫展。3. with

50、out+宾语+介词短语I dont like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it. 我不喜欢加糖的咖啡，里边不加糖我更喜欢。4. without+宾语+动名词 He left without saying goodbye. 没说再见，他就走了。5. without+宾语+不定式It was boring to sit there without anything to do. 无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了。6. without+宾语+过去分词Without any problem solved , they left. 没有解决任