可用高中英语被动语态PPT课件.ppt

1、 GrammarThe passive voice语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The cl

2、assroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态的定义：We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+ done (+ by)在被动句中有时用在被动句中有时用by-

3、 词组，有时不用。一般词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用必须使用 by 词组。例如：词组。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。是莎士比亚写的。The task has been finished. 任务已经完成了。任务已经完成了。结构： be+ done (+ by)一般现在时：一般现在时：

4、am / is / are doneam / is / are done一般过去时：一般过去时： was / were donewas / were done现在进行时：现在进行时： am / is / are being doneam / is / are being done过去进行时：过去进行时： was / were being donewas / were being done现在完成时：现在完成时： have / has been donehave / has been done过去完成时：过去完成时： had been donehad been done一般将来时：一般将来时：

5、shall / will be done ; be going shall / will be done ; be going to be doneto be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must can / must / have tobe done/ have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。This book was written in 1969. 这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being re

6、paired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已经开张。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三

7、小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。三、各种时态的被动语态：The structure of the simple future voicebe going to do sth.be about to do sth.shall/will do sth.be to do sth. GrammarThe usage of the future passive voice 将来时的被动语态将来时的被动语态1.We will discuss the problem at the meeti

8、ng.The problem will be discussed at the meeting.2.I will finish my homework in ten minutes.My. Homework will be finished in ten minutes.3.They will invite us to the party.We will/shall be invited to the party.将来时的被动语态的基本形式：将来时的被动语态的基本形式：主语主语+will/shall be doneShall 用于第一人称，用于第一人称，will用于各种人称用于各种人称They

9、 will have a show tomorrow. A show will be had (by them) tomorrow.A talk will be given(by him) soon.He will give a talk soon.Have a try!Turn the following sentences into the future passive voice. 一般将来时的被动语态在各种句式中的用法一般将来时的被动语态在各种句式中的用法The 30th Olympic Games will be hosted by London in the year 2012.否

10、定式：否定式： The 30th Olympic Games will not be hosted by London in the year 2012.一般疑问式：一般疑问式： Will the 30th Olympic Games be hosted by London in the year 2012?特殊疑问式：特殊疑问式： When will the 30th Olympic Games be hosted in the year 2012?主语主语+will/shall not be doneWill +主语主语+be done?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+will+主语主语+be do

11、ne?1.The rabbits will eat the carrots.被动形式：被动形式：被动句的一般疑问句：被动句的一般疑问句：Will the carrots be eaten by the rabbits?对被动句划线部分提问：对被动句划线部分提问：What will be eaten by the rabbits?被动句的否定式：被动句的否定式： The carrots will be eaten by the rabbits. The carrots will not be eaten by the rabbits.practice一般将来时的其他常见的被动语态形式一般将来时的

12、其他常见的被动语态形式1be going to do sth. be going to be done常用来表示按计划或安排将来要发生的常用来表示按计划或安排将来要发生的被动动作。被动动作。The old library is going to be pulled down soon.E.g.:那座旧的图书馆很快要被拆除了。那座旧的图书馆很快要被拆除了。E.g.:他的新书下个月就要出版了。他的新书下个月就要出版了。His new book is going to be published next month.be to do sth. be to be doneYour homework i

13、s to be handed in tomorrow.E.g.:你们的家庭作业明天必须要交上来。你们的家庭作业明天必须要交上来。E.g.:这个任务要在这个任务要在10分钟之内完成。分钟之内完成。The task is to be finished in ten minutes.be about to do sth. be about to be done The wall is about to be painted by the worker.E.g.:工人将要去粉刷那堵墙。工人将要去粉刷那堵墙。 1.They will give her a gold medal.（被动语态）（被动语态）

14、2.The construction workers are going to put down the old temple.（被动语态）（被动语态） 3. We are to repair the machine tomorrow.（被动语（被动语态）态） 4. These trees are going to be cut down (否定式）否定式）She will be given a gold medal.The old temple is going to be pulled down.The machine is to be repaired by us tomorrow.Th

15、ese trees are not going to be cut downLet us practice5.many new sport venues will be built for the Beijing Olympic Games.(一般疑问句）一般疑问句）Will many new sport venues be built for the Beijing Olympic Games?6. The sports meeting is to be held on Dec. 5.When is the sports meeting to be held?7.The football m

16、atch is going to be held in our school next week . Where is the football match going to be held next week?People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。世界各地都有人讲英语。English is spoken almost all over the world.1 1含有单宾语的句子转换：含有单宾语的句子转换：四、四、 主动变被动中的几个问题：主动变被动中的几个问题：2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换含有双宾语的主动句的转换

17、(学案学案p26)I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。是个诚实的孩子。 It is believed that he is an honest boy.The boy is believed

18、 to be an honest one.方法方法1) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语谓语变成不定式短语。方法方法2) 用先行的用先行的it作形式主语作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；置的主语从句；另：另：当主动句的宾语是当主动句的宾语是thatthat引导的宾语从引导的宾语从 句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。练习： We all think that we could win the game. we are thought to win th

19、e game.It is thought that we could win the game.3. 3. 含有动词短语的句子转换。含有动词短语的句子转换。They have never listened to him. 人家从不听他的话。人家从不听他的话。He has never been listened to.练习：They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来,不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词。He made me do th

20、e work.I was made to do the work by him.4. 主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中带to的几种情况：练习： we heard him say good-bye to his friends.He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.注意：make, let, have/feel, hear, see, watch等词等词在主动句中动词不带在主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中要带但在被动句中要带to五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况： 1、主语是物，谓语是表示主

21、语、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run等等。这些动词常与副词。这些动词常与副词连用。例如：连用。例如： The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smoothly. This kind of book sells well. 2、表示主语状态特征的、表示主语状态特征的连系动词连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。等。例如：例如： Do you

22、 like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltCYour idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct. 3. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 His suggestion is not worth considering. 4、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人说有人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。等时。It is said that o

23、ne day he climbed to the top of a house.It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that高考直击：1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week Aare to be held B. is to be held C. are holding Dwill hold2. Every possible means _, but none _ s

24、uccessful(2000年上海春招题） A. has tried; has proved Btried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved3.The question he asked is hard _ A. for answer B. to answer C. to be answered D. answering BCBl4By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.(2003年上海春招题) A. would be co

25、mpleted B. was beingcompleted C. has been complete D. had been completedl5More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year. (2005年上海高考题) A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent DBl6.Why did you leave that position? I a better position at IBM. (2005年北京高考题) A. off

26、er B. offered C. am offered D. was offered l7. More patients in hospital this year than last year. (2004年江苏高考题) A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated l8. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wouldnt have time to before the party. (2004 年全国高考卷) A. get changed B. get change C.

27、get changing D. get to changeDDAl9. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the future. (2002年上海春招题) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut l 10. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment. (2005年北京春招题) A. is damaged B. had been damage

28、d C. damaged D. was damagedCBl11.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006. (2004年北京卷) A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completedl12. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. (2002年上海高考题) A. is t

29、o blame B. is doing to blame C. is to be blame D. should blamel13.Great changes _in the city ,and a lot of factories_.（2003NMET) A. have been taken placehave been set up B. have taken placehave been set up C. have taken placehave set up D. were taken placewere set upCABl14.Do you like the material?

30、Yes, it_ very soft. (NMET) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltl15. The Olympic Games, _in 776 BC ,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET) A.first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playingCC结束语当你尽了自己的最大努力时，失败也是伟大的，所以不要放弃，坚持就是正确的。When You Do Your Best, Failure Is Great, So DonT Give Up, Stick To The End感谢聆听不足之处请大家批评指导Please Criticize And Guide The Shortcomings演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日