史上最全英语四级作文题型和模版讲解课件.ppt

1、四级作文第一部分 四级作文的评分标准和要求一、考核目的考核学生用英语进行书面表达的初步能力。二、考核要求： 1. 时间：30分钟 2. 字数：120词以上 （120150） 3. 题型： 1）根据给出的段首句续写 2）根据中文提要作文 3）根据图表写作4）书信写作三、评分原则：1. 大学英语考试的目的是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评分应以此要求为准则。2. 大学英语考试作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判

2、。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。4. 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分;该给低分的给低分,包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。 四、评分标准：四、评分标准： 1 1作文题满分为作文题满分为1515分。分。阅卷标准共人为五等：阅卷标准共人为五等：2 2分，分，5 5分，分，8 8分，分，1111分及分及1414分。分。2 2分分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数

3、为严重错误。条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5 5分分-基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。8 8分分-基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。1111分分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。1414分分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。阅卷人员根根据阅卷标准，对照样卷

4、评分，若认为某一分数文件次（如阅卷人员根根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为某一分数文件次（如8 8分）相似，即定为（分）相似，即定为（8 8分）；若认为稍优或劣于该档次，分）；若认为稍优或劣于该档次，则可加一分（则可加一分（9 9分）或减一分（分）或减一分（7 7分），但不得加减半分。分），但不得加减半分。字数不足应酌情扣分：字数不足应酌情扣分：少少1010字字少少2020字字少少3030字字少少4040字字少少5050字字少少5151字字累计字数累计字数110110119119100100109109909099998080898970707979 69 69扣分扣分1 12 23 34 4

5、5 55 5注：注：1 1、如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得记入所写字数。、如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得记入所写字数。2 2、 只写一段者：只写一段者：0 04 4分，只写两段者：分，只写两段者：0 09 9分（指规定三段的作文）分（指规定三段的作文）3 3、白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想、白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想, ,则给零分。则给零分。2. 2. 设作文最低分，采用下列成绩计算方法：设作文最低分，采用下列成绩计算方法： 1 1）作文分为）作文分为0 0分者，总分即使高于分者，总分即使高于6060分，一律作

6、不及格处理；分，一律作不及格处理； 2 2）作文分大于）作文分大于 0 0 分小于分小于 6 6 分者，按下分者，按下 列方式计算成绩：列方式计算成绩： 最后报道分最后报道分 = = 原计算总分原计算总分 6 + 6 + 作文实得分作文实得分 一、四级作文的段落基本结构：一、四级作文的段落基本结构：主题句主题句扩展句扩展句终结句终结句连接词连接词连接词连接词段段落落第第二二部分部分 四级作文的结构四级作文的结构1.主题句主题句表明全段是关于什么及讨论什么的段落中心句，即：明确地表示全段要展开的中心点,四级短文写作中最好是把主题句放在段首。2.扩展句扩展句是用来说明，解释，引申，或论证主题句所表

7、达的中心思想的句子。3.结尾句结尾句是用一句话对段落的主题进行重述,评论,或总结,借以强化主题,加深读者的印象. It is not difficult to make a right choice It is not difficult to make a right choice between buying a house in the low-rise area between buying a house in the low-rise area and buying one in the high-rise area (and buying one in the high-rise

8、 area (主题主题句句). ).If we want to economize and get more If we want to economize and get more personal area, we can choose the low-rise; personal area, we can choose the low-rise; but if we want to live more comfortably, we but if we want to live more comfortably, we will choose the high-rise (will ch

9、oose the high-rise (扩展句扩展句). ). In a word, In a word, the key lies in the alternative of economy the key lies in the alternative of economy and comfort (and comfort (结尾句结尾句). ). 二、全文二、全文( (议论文议论文) )基本结构：基本结构：主题段主题段扩展段扩展段(1-2段段)终结段终结段主题句（第主题句（第1句）句）扩展句（扩展句（1到到2句）句）终结句（引出下文）终结句（引出下文）132终结句（最后终结句（最后1 1

10、句）句）扩展句扩展句主题句（第主题句（第1句）句）过渡词过渡词过渡词过渡词第第二二部分部分 四级作文的结构四级作文的结构KeytoSuccessIn such a competitive society, everyone has In such a competitive society, everyone has a strong desire to be successful and in his a strong desire to be successful and in his life.life. But how to achieve success? But how to ac

11、hieve success? In my In my opinion, there are three main keys opinion, there are three main keys a clear a clear objective, strong willpower and diligence.objective, strong willpower and diligence.FirstFirst, it is very important to set up a goal , it is very important to set up a goal before you st

12、art. No one can be successful before you start. No one can be successful without a goal in his mind. without a goal in his mind. BesidesBesides, you need , you need a strong willpower to keep you go ahead. There a strong willpower to keep you go ahead. There always are tough stones in every road to

13、always are tough stones in every road to success. Whether you can go through it depends success. Whether you can go through it depends on whether you are persistent enough. on whether you are persistent enough. Last but Last but not leastnot least, everyone who wants to succeed , everyone who wants

14、to succeed should be diligent. There is and old saying, should be diligent. There is and old saying, “No pains, no gains.No pains, no gains.” Most successful people Most successful people owe their success to hard working, such as owe their success to hard working, such as Einstein.Einstein.In concl

15、usion, if we want to be successful, In conclusion, if we want to be successful, we have to master the three main keys we have to master the three main keys mentioned above. mentioned above. There is no shortcut to There is no shortcut to success. success. The three keys will assure you to The three

16、keys will assure you to realize your beautiful dream.realize your beautiful dream.第三第三部分部分 常见的错误和问题常见的错误和问题注意方面：注意方面：1切题 2结构（三段式） 3落题快（主题句在每段句首，不要绕圈） 4长度（120150字，卷面第二页中间或到三分之二处，不要过多）语言方面须注意的问题：语言方面须注意的问题：1题目的大写An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident It Pays to Be Honest How to Succeed in a Job

17、Interview2句子错误1）语态时态不正确I read the passage carefully and several mistakes were found.( 语态不一致 )I read the passage carefully and found several mistakes.I am very grateful if you could help me with this problem.(时态不一致)I will be very grateful if you could help me with this problem.2）主谓不一致He like playing

18、football very much.He likes playing football very much.3）中式英语My English has made great progress.I have made great progress in English.Work makes me feel satisfied.Work is a source of satisfaction to me.4)结构不完整Although had many difficulties in studying English, I finally passed the exam.Although I ha

19、d many difficulties in studying English, I finally passed the exam. 基本句型： 主谓：I succeed. 主谓宾：I like Caicai. 主系表：ZY is smart. 主谓双宾：Wei Xiaobao gave Ake an English dictionary. 主谓宾宾补：Tulongdao makes many people selfish.句型句型第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式句型句型第四部分第四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式一、

20、开头常用语式一、开头常用语式(主题段的引入主题段的引入)AproverbsaysAstheproverbsaysSomepeoplesaythatManypeoplebelievethatItisgenerallybelievedthatWeallknowthatAsweallknowItisquiteclearthatVariousviewsexistasto,butTherearemanyarguments/opinions/viewsaboutThereismuchdiscussionabout/attentiontoItiswellknownthatItissaidthatIthasb

21、eenfoundthatItiseasytoseethatThepiegraphshowsArecentsurveyprovidesThechart/graph/tableshowsNoonecandenythatNowadays,.Atpresent例例1 My View on Animal Communication Many people think that animals cannot communicate with each other. In their opinion, they cannot speak or write. However, I hold that they

22、 can communicate. The following examples serve as proofs to support my view.例例2 1）中国人才流失的现状；）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。）如何解决人才流失。Brain Drain in ChinaNowadays, one of the most serious problems China is faced with is brain drain. While shortages of talent trouble many universities and

23、state-owned enterprises, millions of talented people either emigrate to developed countries or work for foreign companies. At the same time, a big crowd of well-educated people who are determined to follow their footsteps take TOEFL or GRE as their passport to the West.第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式 举例举例

24、练习练习1 SmokingIt is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health. Scientific researchs show that smoking can lead to heart disease,cancer and other problem.The World Health Organization says diseases linked to smoking kill at least two million five-hundred-thousand persons each year.练习练

25、习2 Health and Life As the saying goes, you don t know what happiness is until you lose it.you don t know what health is until you are ill. “ “Health is of vital importance to life” ” sounds like a cliche to everyone, but it is absolutely true. 第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式 举例举例二、二、 中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（

26、扩展段的连接）通常按重要程度排列，我们习惯于先说最重要的，西方人则通常按重要程度排列，我们习惯于先说最重要的，西方人则相反，但都得符合逻辑顺序。相反，但都得符合逻辑顺序。1表示表示“首先首先”first, firstly, first of all, to begin ，但不可但不可用用 at first。2表示表示“第二第二”、“此外此外”“”“其次其次”、“况且况且”second, secondly, and, besides, moreover, additionally, furthermore, whats more, in addition, besides+名词短语，名词短语，i

27、n addition to+名词短语，名词短语，another+名词短语名词短语3表示表示 “最后最后”finally, last, lastly, last but not least 最后最后但并非最不重要的是。但并非最不重要的是。但不可用但不可用at last 或或 in the end。4表示表示 “最重要的是最重要的是” above all, most important of all5.表示表示“更严重的是更严重的是”、“更糟糕的是更糟糕的是” more serious, even worse, to make matter worse6. 表示表示“最为严重的是最为严重的是”、“

28、最糟糕的是最糟糕的是”most serious of all, worst of all第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式二、二、 中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）例如：例如：1）First of all, 论据论据1. More importantly, 论据论据2. Most important of all, 论论据据3. In summary, 总结观点总结观点.2) The advantages can be listed as follows：First, 好处好处1. Besides, 好处好处2. Most important of al

29、l, 好处好处3. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with,坏处坏处1. To make matter worse,坏处坏处2. Worst of all,坏处坏处3. From the above analysis, I believe 观点观点.3）For one thing, 论据论据1. For another, 论据论据2. Last but not the least, 论据论据3. To conclude, 总结观点或总结观点或 From above,

30、we can predict that 预测预测. 4）First of all, 论据论据1。 Furthermore, 论据论据2。 Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。总结观点。 或或 From above, we can predict that 预测预测.第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式例文例文Key to Success In su

31、ch a competitive society, everyone has a strong desire to be successful and in his life. But how to achieve success? In my opinion, there are three main keys a clear objective, strong willpower and diligence. First, it is very important to set up a goal before you start. No one can be successful wit

32、hout a goal in his mind. Besides, you need a strong willpower to keep you go ahead. There always are tough stones in every road to success. Whether you can go through it depends on whether you are persistent enough. Last but not least, everyone who wants to suceed should be diligent. There is and ol

33、d saying, “No pains, no gains.” Most successful people owe their success to hard working, such as Einstein.In conclusion, if we want to be successful, we have to master the three main keys mentioned above.There is no shortcut to success. The three keys will assure you to realize your beautiful dream

34、.第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式练习：练习：Advertisement 1） 广告给人们带来的益处。广告给人们带来的益处。 2） 广告给人们带来的烦恼。广告给人们带来的烦恼。Advertisement can be a service to people. First, it is informative, and can help people buy and sell goods. Second, it can widen peoples knowledge, and make people more experienced. Lastly, people can en

35、joy themselves through those programs which advertisements have been put into. Some advertisements, however, are not very useful to people, sometimes even harmful. An advertisement like this, for example, may put thousands of women and girls into trouble. Disillusioned with life, love, marriage? You

36、 need help. Phone me. And the Savior gives his phone number to his sheep. 第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式二、二、 中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接） 其他词语或句式：其他词语或句式：1）用于强调：afterall,anyway,infact,indeed,apparently,clearly,obviously,especially,2）用于对比：however,ononehand,ontheotherhand,incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrar

37、y,while,whereas,instead,but,differentfrom,3）用于比较：similarly,likewise,like,inthesameway,4）用于列举：forexample,forinstance,suchas,takeforgranted,except(for)5）表示时间：later,then,next,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile,afterthat,fromnowon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,aftersometime,intheend,immediately,intheme

38、antime,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,presently,since,assoonas,afterwards,sometimelater,temporally,inthemeanwhile,afterawhile,6）用于解释：inotherwords,asamatteroffact,thatis,7)用于让步：although,inspiteof,despite,eventhough,evenif,though,nomatterhow8)用于结果：consequently,thus,asaresult,asaconsequence,h

39、ence,so,therefore,accordingly9)其他：notonlybutalso,asfarasIamconcerned,whenitcomesto,inpractice,inprinciple,anotherkeyaspectofis,itistruethat,whatismoreseriousis,thereisnodoubtthat,butitisapitythat,butthetrouble/problem/pointis第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式二、二、 中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接） 其他词语或句式：其他词语或句式：

40、例1BrainDraininChina(接开头)1）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。However, people see this phenomenon in different perspectives.SomeholdtheopinionthatChinasuffersalotfrombraindrain.Theyargue,ontheonehand,thatbraindrainconsiderablyweakensourinternationalcompetitiveness.Ontheotherhand,theybelievethatthetalent

41、shouldservetheirnativecountryfirst.Incontrast,othershighlighttheadvantagesofinternationalexchangeandcooperation.TheyclaimthatChineseyouthsshouldgoabroadtostudyandgainmoreexperience.Whatsmore,thelong-termbenefitswilloutweighlosseswesuffernow.第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式练习练习1Computer1)计算机的广泛应用计算机的广泛应用2)计

42、算机给人们的帮助计算机给人们的帮助3)计算机带来的问题（无示范）4）我的看法（无示范）Thecomputeriswidelyusedinallfieldsofsociety.Today,whereveryougo,youwillfindcomputersbeingused.Forexample,computersareusedinuniversities,largecorporations,andsmalloffices,etc.Ithasevenenteredthehomesofordinarypeople.Asitisabletostoreandprocessalargeamountofi

43、nformation,thecomputerbringaboutgreatconvenienceandhighefficiencytopeopleofallwalksoflife.Computerscanhelppeopleindifferentways.For example,computerhelpscientistsinanalyzingdataanddoingcomplexcalculation.For another example,computersaremadeuseofbyengineersindesigningaplane,oraspaceship.Besides,compu

44、tersmayalsoplayagreatroleinhelpingchildrenwiththeirlesson.Whateveryouaredoing,youmanyfindcomputerausefulaid.第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式二、二、 中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接） 其他词语或句式：其他词语或句式：三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）1表示表示 “总之总之 ”、 “总而言之总而言之 ”、 “简言之简言之 ”in conclusion, in summary, to conclude, to summa

45、rize, to sum up, in short, in brief, in a word, on the whole2“综上所述综上所述 ”from the foregoing, from what has been discussed above, from what has been mentioned above, from the above analysisObviously（此为过渡短语）（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion thatThus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find

46、thatObviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）例例1 Vacation, Long or ShortOne the whole, eit

47、her long or short vacation has its advantages and disadvantages. What matters is how to make use of it.例例2 Good Health1身体健康的重要性。身体健康的重要性。2保持健康的途径。保持健康的途径。3我自己的实践。我自己的实践。 As for me, I like playing tennis in the morning. I also attach much importance to enough sleep and relaxation. I believe this will

48、 ensure my good health for the rest of my life.例例3 Hope Project希望工程希望工程In my opinion, this project is of great importance to our country at the present time. And it also will have a profound effect on the future achievements of our country. I suggest that more work be done so that every child in the

49、 countryside can receive elementary education.练习：练习：Is Failure a Bad ThingIn my opinion, failure is not a bad thing, the really bad thing is taking a failure as failure or even lose our heart after failure. 第第四部分四部分 写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式1 1对立观点式对立观点式1）有人赞成X. 2）有人反对X. 3）我的看法。第第五部分五部分 写作写作模式模式一一、议论文议论文例文：1

50、. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2. 也有人持不同意见， 3. 我的看法和打算 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? Different people have different opinions about the necessity of a test of spoken English in the College English Test. Some people believe that a test of spoken English is necessary because spoken English is an impo