国际支付与结算4课件.ppt

1、International bank Remittance国际银行汇兑国际银行汇兑.Some key points:n1. Methods, parties and procedures of remittancen2. Advantages and disadvantages of remittancen3. Practice of remittancen4. The function of remittance in international trade.New words and expressionsn1. Remittance：汇款：汇款n2. CorrespondentCorre

2、spondent：代理行：代理行n3. 3. Remitter：汇款人：汇款人n4. Payee：收款人：收款人n5. Domicile：住所：住所n6. Entertain：娱乐，招待，持有：娱乐，招待，持有n7. Subsidiary：辅助的，：辅助的， 补充的补充的n8. Solvency：偿付能力：偿付能力n9.duplicate：副本：副本n10. Surrender：交出，放弃：交出，放弃.n11.beneficiary：受益人：受益人n12. Remitting bank：汇出行：汇出行n13. Paying bank：汇入行，解付行：汇入行，解付行n14. Telegraphi

3、c transfer：电汇：电汇n15. Demand draft transfer：票汇：票汇n16. Mail transfer：信汇：信汇n17. Mail Remittance ：信汇：信汇n18. Money order：邮政汇票，汇款单：邮政汇票，汇款单n19. Debit advice：借记通知单：借记通知单n20. Payment order：支付委托书：支付委托书n21. On ones own initiative：主动的：主动的n22. Designated bank：指定银行：指定银行n23. Home country：母国：母国.n24. Outward Remitt

4、ance：汇出：汇出n25. Inward Remittance：汇入：汇入n26. Cash deposit：现金存款：现金存款n27. In line with：根据，按照：根据，按照n28. Letter of indemnity：赔偿保证金书：赔偿保证金书n29. Cash before shipment：付款后装运：付款后装运n30. Shipment at first settlement later：先装运后结算：先装运后结算n31. Down payment：定金，首批付款：定金，首批付款n32. In due course：在适当的时候：在适当的时候n33. Financia

5、l status ：财务状况：财务状况n34. Clearing account：清算帐户：清算帐户.4.1 General Description汇兑方式概述汇兑方式概述nIn international trade, the settlement of claims and debts and the transfer of money are carried out by several methods of transmission.n国际贸易中权利、债务结算和资金转移是通过几种方式实现国际贸易中权利、债务结算和资金转移是通过几种方式实现nInternational remittanc

6、e happens when a client(payer)asks his bank to send a sum of money to a beneficiary abroad by one of the transfer methods at his option. The beneficiary can be paid at the designated bank, which is either the Remitting banks overseas branch or its Correspondent.Correspondent.n国际汇兑是指银行接受客户（付款人）委托向其国外

7、国际汇兑是指银行接受客户（付款人）委托向其国外受益人转移资金的一种方式。受益人能在指定的银行受益人转移资金的一种方式。受益人能在指定的银行（汇出银行海外支行或代理行）收款。（汇出银行海外支行或代理行）收款。.nThat is to say, when remittance is That is to say, when remittance is adopted in adopted in international trade, the buyer on his own initiative remits money to the seller through a bank in accor

8、dance with the terms and time stipulated in the contract.n汇款在国际贸易中被使用时买方根据合同定汇款在国际贸易中被使用时买方根据合同定义的时间和条件义的时间和条件主动主动把款项划拨到卖方银行。把款项划拨到卖方银行。.4.1.1 Parties concerned and methods汇兑当事人及方式汇兑当事人及方式nParties involved in in international bank remittance include the following:n(1) The remitter: 汇款人汇款人nThe remitt

9、er is the person who requests his bank to remit funds to beneficiary in a foreign country. The remitter is also the payer.n汇款人是要求银行把资金转移给国外受益人汇款人是要求银行把资金转移给国外受益人的人，就是付款人。的人，就是付款人。.n(2) Remitting bank 汇出行汇出行nRemitting bank is the bank transferring funds at the request of a remitter to its Corresponde

10、nt or its Correspondent or its branch in another country and instructing the branch in another country and instructing the latter to pay a certain amount of money to a latter to pay a certain amount of money to a beneficiary.n汇出行是应汇款人要求通过其国外分支行或代理行把汇出行是应汇款人要求通过其国外分支行或代理行把资金转移到国外并指示其支付一定金额给受益人的银资金转移到

11、国外并指示其支付一定金额给受益人的银行。行。n(3)The payee收款人收款人nThe payee (beneficiary) is a person who is addressed to receive the remittance.n(4)paying bank付款行付款行npaying bank is the bank entrusted by the remitting bank to pay a certain amount of money to a beneficiary named in the remittance advice.n付款行是受汇出行委托按照汇款指示给付款

12、行是受汇出行委托按照汇款指示给受益人支付一定数额款项的银行。受益人支付一定数额款项的银行。.nThere are three basic ways for a bank to transfer funds for its client from the home country to abroad. They are mail remittance, telegraphic remittance and demand draft.n1. Remittance by airmail信汇信汇n2. Remittance by cable/telex/SWIFT电汇电汇n3. Remittance

13、by banks demand draft票汇票汇.n1. Remittance by airmail M/T：信汇信汇nRemittance by airmail transfer funds by means of a payment order, a mail advice, or sometimes an advice issued by a remitting bank, at the request of the remitter. It is more generally known as mail transfer or M/T.nA payment order , mail

14、advice or credit advice/ please debit advice（贷记（贷记/借记通知单）借记通知单） is an authenticated order in writing addressed by one bank to another instructing the latter to pay a sum certain in money to a specified person or a beneficiary named thereon.n2. Remittance by cable/telex/SWIFT： T/TnRemittance by cable

15、/telex/SWIFT is often referred to as cable transfer or telegraphic transfer, namely T/T. It is exactly the same as a mail transfer, except that instructions from the remitting bank to the paying bank are transmitted by cable instead of by mail.（电（电报报/电传通知代替信件通知）电传通知代替信件通知）nIt is therefore quicker, b

16、ut more expensive than mail transfer is. It is often used when the remittance amount is large and the transfer of funds is subject to a times limit.（比信汇更快更贵，金额较大或时间紧（比信汇更快更贵，金额较大或时间紧迫）迫）nThe only means of authenticating a cable transfer is the test key. However, remittance by SWIFT should be authent

17、icated by SWIFT authentic key.（电报密押）（电报密押）.n3. Remittance by banks demand draftn通过银行即期汇票（票汇）通过银行即期汇票（票汇）nRemittance by banks demand draft is often referred to as demand draft(D/D). nA banks draft is a negotiable instrument drawn by a bank on its overseas branch or its Correspondent Correspondent abr

18、oad ordering the latter to pay on demand abroad ordering the latter to pay on demand the stated amount to the holder of the draft. the stated amount to the holder of the draft. It is often used when the client wants to It is often used when the client wants to transfer the funds to his transfer the

19、funds to his beneficiary himself. .nThe process of a demand draft is as follows:nFirst of all the draft is drawn;（银行签发汇票）（银行签发汇票）nAfter the draft is drawn, it is handed to the remitter（交给汇款人）（交给汇款人）, who may send or carry it abroad to the person in whose favor it is drawn;（寄给国外收款（寄给国外收款人）人）nUpon rec

20、eipt of the draft, the payee namely the beneficiary can either present it for payment at the counter of the drawee bank or collect the proceeds through his own bank for his account.收款人收到汇票收款人收到汇票后可以提示给受票银行柜台付款，也可以转帐到自己后可以提示给受票银行柜台付款，也可以转帐到自己银行帐户上。银行帐户上。.4.1.2 Procedure 汇兑业务流程汇兑业务流程n1. Procedure for

21、M/T and T/Tn信汇和电汇信汇和电汇n2. Procedure for D/D票汇票汇.1. Procedure for M/T and T/TnThe operations conducted by the remitting bank are called the outward remittance （汇（汇出汇款）出汇款）and those carried out by the paying bank are called the inward remittance（汇入（汇入汇款）汇款）. The procedure for bank remittance by mail o

22、r by cable usually comprise the following steps:.n(1)The remitter (a banks customer) makes out the necessary application form and gives his signed written application to his bank instructing it to issue an M/T or T/T, indicating the beneficiary s full name, address and the name of beneficiary s bank

23、er(if any).n汇款人向汇出行提出正式申请，指示它汇款，注目受汇款人向汇出行提出正式申请，指示它汇款，注目受益人全名、地址和受益人银行。益人全名、地址和受益人银行。nThis actually means that the remitter sends a written order to the remitting bank to pay the debit of remitters account or against cash deposit.n实际意味着汇款人向汇出行发出书面命令，让其借汇实际意味着汇款人向汇出行发出书面命令，让其借汇款人的帐户或现金存款。款人的帐户或现金存款。

24、.n(2)The remitting bank debits his customers account with the amount to be remitted together with its commission and expense (if any).n汇出行借汇款人帐户的金额（包括佣金与其汇出行借汇款人帐户的金额（包括佣金与其他支出）他支出）n(3) The remitting bank issues a payment order to its branch or correspondent in the place where the beneficiary is dom

25、iciled.n汇出行给它分支行或代理行发出向指定受益汇出行给它分支行或代理行发出向指定受益人付款的命令。人付款的命令。.nThe payment order specifies the details of the payment:namount, name and address of the beneficiary , and name of the remitter.金额；受益人的姓名和地址，汇金额；受益人的姓名和地址，汇款人姓名。款人姓名。nThe payment order must be authenticated with the authorized signatures o

26、f the remitting bank.n支付命令必须由汇出行的授权签字。支付命令必须由汇出行的授权签字。.n(4)Upon receipt of payment order, the paying bank verifies the authorized signatures notifies the beneficiary, and pays to him the stated amount minus expenses charged by itself. n收到支付通知后，付款银行确认授权签字后收到支付通知后，付款银行确认授权签字后通知受益人，然后扣除自己的费用后支付给通知受益人，然

27、后扣除自己的费用后支付给受益人指定金额。受益人指定金额。n(5)The paying bank claims reimbursement from the remitting bank in accordance with latters instruction.n付款银行根据后面的指示从汇出行得到偿付。付款银行根据后面的指示从汇出行得到偿付。.nThe whole procedure virtually is done entries over banking accounts, where the buyers bank(remitting bank ) debits his accoun

28、t and credits the account of the correspondent instructions, the latter(the paying bank)passes a reciprocal entry over its account with the remitting bank and pays the money over to the exporter.n The following diagram illustrates the procedures.n整个过程实质上是通过银行帐户完成的，买方银行整个过程实质上是通过银行帐户完成的，买方银行（汇出行）借买方帐

29、户、然后贷代理行帐户；付款银（汇出行）借买方帐户、然后贷代理行帐户；付款银行从汇出行收到资金后相应的支付给出口商。行从汇出行收到资金后相应的支付给出口商。.A simplified remittance diagramRemitterpayeeremitting bankpaying bank1.written application2.debit advice3. Payment order4.funds5.reimbursement claimFunds.2.Procedures for D/D票汇流程票汇流程nThe usually adopted Procedure for D/D i

30、s as follow:n(1) A written request to issue a draft is made by remitter(a banks customer).n汇款人向银行发出签发汇票的书面请求汇款人向银行发出签发汇票的书面请求n(2)The remitting bank(the draft-issuing bank)debits the customers account with the amount of the draft plus bank commission(if any), issues a bank draft and hands it to the r

31、emitter.n汇出行（签发汇票银行）借客户帐户票面金额加银行汇出行（签发汇票银行）借客户帐户票面金额加银行佣金，签发一掌银行汇票并交给汇款人。佣金，签发一掌银行汇票并交给汇款人。.n(3)The issuing bank sends an advice(a special letter of advice or a non-negotiable copy the draft)by airmail to the drawee bank, namely its overseas branch or its correspondent abroad, instructing the latter

32、 to pay it on presentation of the original draft as well as how to reimburse it. Nowadays most banks usually omit airmailing the advice to the drawee bank.n出票行向受票银行发出通知（特别信函或不可流通转出票行向受票银行发出通知（特别信函或不可流通转让的汇票副本），注明海外分支行或代理行名称，指让的汇票副本），注明海外分支行或代理行名称，指示其为提示的汇票原件如何偿付。当今许多银行不再示其为提示的汇票原件如何偿付。当今许多银行不再通过航空信件

33、通知受票银行。通过航空信件通知受票银行。n(4)The remitter forwards the draft to the payee.n汇款人把汇票交给收款人。汇款人把汇票交给收款人。.n(5)The payee presents the draft to the drawee bank for payment.n收款人提示汇票给付款银行。收款人提示汇票给付款银行。n(6)The drawee bank verifies the signatures, pays the draft, and claims back the amount that is paid according to

34、its agency arrangement with the remitting bank. If the signature can not be identified, the paying bank will only pay the draft on collection basis.n受票银行确认签字后付款，通过代理行安排从汇出行受票银行确认签字后付款，通过代理行安排从汇出行得到偿付。如果签名不能鉴别付款银行仅仅按照托收得到偿付。如果签名不能鉴别付款银行仅仅按照托收基准协议支付。基准协议支付。.Remitterpayeeremitting bankpaying1.D/D appli

35、cation2.bank sight draft3. D/D advice4. bank sight draft5. bank sight draft6.payment7. Debit adviceA Demand Draft Diagram.4.1.3 Advantages and disadvantage汇兑的利与弊汇兑的利与弊n1. Advantages优势优势nAdvantages of remittance by demand draft:票汇优势票汇优势n(1) demand draft can be used for paying small amount;n即期汇票能用于小额款

36、项支付即期汇票能用于小额款项支付n(2) demand draft is a negotiable instrument,which can be transferred from one person to another by endorsement, so that it is more convenient in use for payment;汇票可以背书转让，支付更加方便汇票可以背书转让，支付更加方便n(3)In time of war, one can transfer funds out of the enemy country by means of the demand d

37、raft in virtue of its negotiability战争期间通过即期汇票可以通过有战争期间通过即期汇票可以通过有效转让。把资金从敌国转移出来。效转让。把资金从敌国转移出来。.nAdvantages of remittance by airmail:信汇优势信汇优势nIt involves bank-to-bank instructions with banks responsible for making payments, so it is rather reliable.通过银行发出支付指示是相当可靠的。通过银行发出支付指示是相当可靠的。nAdvantages of re

38、mittance by cable:电汇优势电汇优势n(1)It is the fastest way to transfer funds;最快方式最快方式n(2) It involves bank-to-bank instructions with banks responsible for making payments, so it is quite safe,especially when large amount is transferred.n通过银行发出大额支付指示是相当安全的的。通过银行发出大额支付指示是相当安全的的。.2. Disadvantages劣势劣势ndisadvan

39、tages of remittance by demand draft:票汇缺点票汇缺点n(1) As a remitter himself is responsible for mailing the demand draft its transmission is slower than that of T/T and can not serve the purpose of quick payment;比电汇比电汇慢慢n(2)It is possible for a demand draft to be lost, stolen or destroyed. The remitting b

40、ank is generally reluctant to stop payment on a draft issued by itself for this would mean an act of dishonor on its part which will have an unfavorable effect on its credit-worthiness. To stop payment on lost draft is time consuming.汇票可能遗失、汇票可能遗失、被盗窃或毁坏。汇出行签发出的汇票不被支付会影响其被盗窃或毁坏。汇出行签发出的汇票不被支付会影响其资信。去

41、停止一张遗失汇票的支付也是很浪费时间的。资信。去停止一张遗失汇票的支付也是很浪费时间的。.ndisadvantages of remittance by airmail:n信汇缺点信汇缺点n(1) It is possible for the mail transfer order to be delayed or lost in the post, thus causing difficulty for its payment.n支付命令延迟或遗失引起支付困难支付命令延迟或遗失引起支付困难n(2) As the mail transfer exclusively depends on int

42、ernational airmail service, its transmission is slower than that of T/T and cannot serve the purpose of quick payment.完全依赖国际邮政服务，速度较慢完全依赖国际邮政服务，速度较慢n(3) Unlike the remittance by demand draft, the beneficiary must await notification from the bank concerned.必须等到银行通知才能付款。必须等到银行通知才能付款。.ndisadvantages of

43、 remittance by cable:n电汇缺点电汇缺点n(1) It is more expensive as compared with M/T or D/D, but if the amount transferred large, the interest cost which should be otherwise incurred due to time delay can be served.昂贵昂贵n(2) The beneficiary must await notification from the bank concerned.必须等到银行通知才能付款。必须等到银行通

44、知才能付款。.SummarynThe advantages and disadvantage of the three methods of three methods of fund transfer have to be balanced when transferring funds.nGenerally speaking, airmail remittance is less than T/T or D/D nowadays, except for small amount remittances made by individuals for family maintenance,

45、cash gift,etc.（只有小额用信汇）（只有小额用信汇）nT/T is favorable to the seller. He can get money at an early date, speed up the turnover of funds, increase the income of interests and avoid the risk of fluctuation in the exchange rate.（电汇可以减少利息损失和避免汇（电汇可以减少利息损失和避免汇率波动风险）率波动风险）.nHowever, the buyer has to pay more c

46、able expenses and bank charges. Therefore, if T/T is not definitely stipulated in the transaction, the buyer makes payment only by M/T .买方付更多银行费用，如果合买方付更多银行费用，如果合同没有明确电汇，买方用信汇。同没有明确电汇，买方用信汇。nSometimes the amount of payment is comparatively large, the money market fluctuates greatly and the currency

47、of settlement being used is likely to devaluate. In these cases, T/T is preferable, and T/T should be definitely stipulated in the contract. However, the seller should prevent the buyer from forcing the contractual price down under the pretext of bearing more expenses.如果金额大且汇率波动较大最好在合如果金额大且汇率波动较大最好在

48、合同中定义用电汇。买方防止买方因为会对费用增加要同中定义用电汇。买方防止买方因为会对费用增加要求降价。求降价。.nA large number of international remittances are carried out by telecommunications. SWIFT, an automated payment system, is commonly used among member banks, which provides the member banks with faster, safer, cheaper, and more reliable handling

49、 of their customers transactions.n大额国际汇款一般用大额国际汇款一般用SWIFT，会员银行间的自动支付，会员银行间的自动支付系统，为会员银行提供最快、最安全、廉价和可靠的系统，为会员银行提供最快、最安全、廉价和可靠的处理方式。处理方式。nSwiftness, reliability, safety, and inexpensiveness are major advantages of transactions by means of SWIFT messages.迅速、可靠、安全和廉价是迅速、可靠、安全和廉价是SWIFT传递信传递信息的优势。息的优势。.4.

50、2 Practice of remittance国际银行汇兑实务国际银行汇兑实务n4.2.1 remitting banks procedure 汇出行的操作汇出行的操作nThe remitting bank, at the remitters request, sends M/T advice or payment order(in M/T ), or a telegram or a telex with test key enclosed(in T/T ) to the paying bank as a payment authorization, directing it to offe