塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响(英文)-PPT课件.ppt

1、1The main waste in the ocean is the Plastic debris.The main waste in the ocean is the Plastic debris.About 80 percent of marine debris is plastic.About 80 percent of marine debris is plastic.Every year, a huge number of seabirds, turtles, and fisheries died of eating plastic debris Every year, a hug

2、e number of seabirds, turtles, and fisheries died of eating plastic debris by mistake.by mistake.2Human actions that polluted the pacific ocean Merchantshipsexpelcargo,sewage,usedmedicalequipment,andothertypesofwastethatcontainplasticintotheocean. Navalandresearchvesselsejectwasteandmilitaryequipmen

3、tthataredeemedunnecessary. Pleasurecraftsreleasefishinggearandothertypesofwaste,eitheraccidentallyorthroughnegligenthandling. Thelargestocean-basedsourceofplasticpollutionisdiscardedfishinggear(includingtrapsandnets),estimatedtobeupto90%ofplasticdebrisinsomeareas.（ Hammer, J; Kraak, MH; Parsons&JR ,

4、2012 ）3The organism that is being affected Seabirds Whales Fisheries Seals Sea lions Sea turtle Dolphins4Aquatic wildlife can be threatened by suffocation.Obviously, this sea turtle was scarred. After this picture was taken, maybe it would die soon. As we can imagine, there are still thousands of se

5、a turtles under the threaten of plastic debris. If no one helps them, they are just dying lonely, scared, and desperated.Example: this sea turtle is taking a plastic bag in5Example: the seal is stuck by fishing netsA sea turtle that is trapped by a rubber band This picture tells us a sad story about

6、 this turtle: it was trapped accidentally when it was young. As it grew bigger and bigger, the rubber band limited it. As a result, its body was deformed. 6Convincing data(on Pacific Ocean)In a 2008 Pacific Gyre voyage, Algalita Marine Research Foundation researchers began finding that fish are eati

7、ng plastic fragments and waste. Of the 672 fish caught during that voyage, 35% had ate plastic pieces. Click to see more details The North Pacific Gyre, for example, has collected the so-called “Great Pacific Garbage PatchGreat Pacific Garbage Patch”, which is now estimated to be one to twenty times

8、 the size of Texas (approximately from 700,000 to 15,000,000 square kilometers). In samples taken in 1999, the mass of plastic exceeded that of zooplankton (the dominant animal life in the area) by a factor of six. (Weisman&Alan，2007). Click to see more details78Effects on wildlife & fisheries(how h

9、ave the plastic debris affected them)1. Entanglement E En nt ta an ng gl le em me en nt t i is s r re es sp po on ns si ib bl le e f fo or r m ma an ny y d di if ff fe er re en nt t k ki in nd ds s o of f w wi il ld dl li if fe. e. S Su uc ch h a as s s se ea al ls, s, f fi is sh, h, t tu ur rt tl l

10、e es, s, a an nd d b bi ir rd ds.s. These animals get caught in the debris and end upsuffocatingordrowning. T Th he ey y d do onnt t h ha av ve e h ha an nd ds s l li ik ke e u us s t to o u un nt ta an ng gl le e t th he em ms se el lv ve es, s, a as s a a r re es su ul lt, t, they die from their i

11、nability to escape their predators.（ Hammer, J; Kraak, MH; Parsons&JR 2012). 910Effects on wildlife & fisheries(how have the plastic debris affected them)2.Ingestion T Tu ur rt tl le es s sometimes mistake plastic bags for jellyfish. “This plastic debris can kill the sea turtle by obstructing theeso

12、phagus.”(Gregory & M. R. 14 June 2009) So too arew wh ha al le es s; large amounts of plastics have been found in the stomachs ofbeached whales. T Tr ru ut th: h: In June 2018, more than 80 plastic bags were found inside a dyingpilot whalethat washed up on the shores of Thailand.(Whale dies from eat

13、ing more than 80 plastic bags.The Guardian. June 2, 2018. RetrievedJune 17,2018.)ls 11A heart-broken photo A heart-broken photo 12An exhibit at the Mote Marine Laboratory that displays plastic bags in the ocean that look similar to jellyfish.13Effects on wildlife & fisheries(how have the plastic deb

14、ris affected them)2.Ingestion Seabirds often mistake trash floating on the oceans surface as prey. Even worse, marine plastic pollution can reach birds that have never been at the sea. Parents may accidentally feed their nestlings plastic, mistaking it for food. (Rodrguez, A; et al.)Seabird chicks a

15、re the most vulnerable to plastic ingestion since they cant vomit up their food like the adult seabirds. (Derraik, J. G. B. ，2002)14The area of Texas compare to the whole AmericaBelieveornot，theareaofGreat Pacific Garbage Patch,is1-201-20 timesthesizeofTexas!Whatahugegarbagepatchitis!Fromthispicture

16、,onecanimaginethathowdestructiveistheplasticwaste,andhowmuchplasticwasteisaffectingwildlifeandfisheriesinthePacificOcean.15The biodiversity of the “GreatPacificGarbage Patch” is decreasing16Reasons:Fauna & Flora International(FFI) has already confirmed that plastic debris will pose a growing threat

17、to Marine biodiversity and marine food chain in 2010.There will be moreplasticthan fish in the oceanby 2050, warned theEllen MacArthur Foundationin areportpublished Tuesday. (There Will Be More Plastic Than Fish in the Ocean by 2050, January 19, 2016)Scientists said that whales such as whale sharks

18、are endangered. Currently, the whale shark has been listed on the world union for conservation of nature (IUCN) red list of endangered species ver3.1 vulnerable (VU) in 2005, and is also listed in CITES level protection of animals under the Washington convention.17Efforts that human made to help tho

19、se organisms Every year, June 5 is observed as World Environment Day to raise awareness and increase government action on the pressing issue. In 2018, India is the host to this years World Environment Day and the theme is Beat Plastic Pollution with focus on single-use or disposable plastic. On 11 A

20、pril 2013 in order to create awareness, artistMaria Cristina Finuccifounded TheGarbage Patch StateatUNESCOParis in front of Director GeneralIrina Bokova. (The garbage patch territory turns into a new state - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. unesco.org.)First of a ser

21、ies of events under the patronage ofUNESCOand of Italian Ministry of the Environment.8018Although we made some effort to help those organisms, there are still a huge number of things that we should do.In my opinion, it is our duty to keep our beautiful home-the earth clean, and try our best to protect the biodiversity.19I hope that every corner of the Pacific is as clean as this place.