培根论读书赏析课件.pptx
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1、Of Study“Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an _man.” -Francis Bacon exact阅读使人充实,阅读使人充实,交谈使人机智,交谈使人机智,写作使人精确。写作使人精确。 -培根培根 培根的培根的Of Study一文,写一文,写于四百年前。在今天的英国,于四百年前。在今天的英国,此文当属古典文论,其用语不此文当属古典文论,其用语不仅典雅,而且古奥,甚至玄秘。仅典雅,而且古奥,甚至玄秘。四百年前的语言,既便是当时四百年前的语言,既便是当时通俗透顶的平民口语,在今人通俗透顶的平民口语
2、,在今人听来,亦充满听来,亦充满“古色古香古色古香”之之感。感。 培根是四百年前英国的哲人培根是四百年前英国的哲人名士,学富五车,文震朝野,其名士,学富五车,文震朝野,其散论札记当时亦属上乘之作。在散论札记当时亦属上乘之作。在四百多年来的英国文学史上,培四百多年来的英国文学史上,培根的文论以其思想精深、艺术精根的文论以其思想精深、艺术精湛和文学精绝而风骚独领。其在湛和文学精绝而风骚独领。其在英国文学与思想界之影响,颇似英国文学与思想界之影响,颇似唐宋八大家之在中国,历久弥新。唐宋八大家之在中国,历久弥新。Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and
3、for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处 世判事之际。For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by
4、 one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统
5、筹,全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之
6、不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接,而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。 Read not to con
7、tradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.读书时不可存心诘难读者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; oth
8、ers to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只需读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and
9、the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏,淡而无味。Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人精确写作使人精确。And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have
10、a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral gra
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