2022高中英语一轮课件：第二部分-基础语法-6代词-.ppt

1、 代代 词词人人称称代代词词主格（作主语）主格（作主语）：I am his cousin. 我是他的我是他的 堂堂/表兄弟。表兄弟。 （I）作宾语作宾语：Those peole dont trust me. 那些人不信任我。那些人不信任我。 (me)作表语：作表语：“Whos knocking at the door?”“ Its me.” “谁在敲门？谁在敲门？” “是我。是我。”(”(me)宾格宾格知识网络知识网络代代词词物物主主代代词词形容词性形容词性 作定语：作定语：My father is a poet. 我父我父亲是诗人。亲是诗人。 (My)作主语：作主语：This car is

2、Toms. Mine is over there. 这车是汤姆的，我的在那边。这车是汤姆的，我的在那边。 (Mine)作宾语：作宾语：Hes a friend of mine. 他是我他是我的一个朋友。的一个朋友。 (mine)作表语：作表语：I thought that book was mine. 我原以为那本书是我的。我原以为那本书是我的。(mine)名词性名词性代代词词反反身身代代词词动词宾语：动词宾语：He devoted himself to writing. 他致力于写作。他致力于写作。 (反指反指he)介词宾语介词宾语：She must be proud of herself.

3、 她一定为自己感到自豪。她一定为自己感到自豪。 （反指（反指she）主语同位语：主语同位语：I myself will present the prizes. 我将亲自去颁奖。我将亲自去颁奖。 (强调强调I)宾语同位语：宾语同位语：I saw the lady herself. 我我见过那个女士本人。见过那个女士本人。(强调强调 the lady)作同作同位语位语( (强调强调) )习语习语 by oneself 独自；独立地：独自；独立地：She lives by herself. 她独居。她独居。 (与与she一致一致) 作宾语作宾语( (反指反指) )代代词词不不定定代代词词泛指：泛指：

4、another(另一个人或物；只接另一个人或物；只接单数名词单数名词)， others(别人；别物别人；别物)特指特指：The other (两者中的另一个两者中的另一个)，the others(其余的人或物其余的人或物)one.the other .(两者中两者中)一个一个.另一个另一个.some.the others. (多者中多者中)一些一些.其余的其余的.some.some.others.一些一些.一一些些.另一些另一些.“两者两者”或或“多者多者” both, all(都都)；either， any(任一任一)； neither, none (都不都不) “另一；另一；别的别的”搭配

5、搭配代代词词不不定定代代词词She kept some money in her desk drawer. 她在书桌的抽屉里放了一些她在书桌的抽屉里放了一些钱。钱。望得到肯定回答：望得到肯定回答：Can you give me some advice? 你可以给我一些建议吗？你可以给我一些建议吗？邀请邀请: : Would you like some cake or biscuit? 你要吃点蛋糕还是饼干你要吃点蛋糕还是饼干?建议：建议：How about having some coffee?喝点咖啡怎么样喝点咖啡怎么样?反问：反问：Arent there some stamps in th

6、at drawer? 那抽屉里不是有几枚邮那抽屉里不是有几枚邮票吗票吗? 疑疑问问句句肯肯定定句句一些一些some代代词词不不定定代代词词否定句：否定句：I suddenly realized Id come out without any money. 我突然意识到，我突然意识到，我一点我一点钱没带就出来了。钱没带就出来了。条件句：条件句：Give me some if there are any. 如果有的话，给我一些。如果有的话，给我一些。疑问句：疑问句：Is there any advantage in getting their early? 早到那里有什么好处吗早到那里有什么好处吗

7、? 一些一些anyif/whether从句：从句：I wonder whether there is any difficulty. 我不清楚是否我不清楚是否有困难。有困难。任何；任一（可用于肯定句）：任何；任一（可用于肯定句）：He can repair any cars.他可以修理任何汽车。他可以修理任何汽车。代代词词不不定定代代词词修饰或代替可数名词：修饰或代替可数名词：few, a few; many修饰或代替不可数名词修饰或代替不可数名词：little, a little; much 替代词替代词 it, that, those, the one 由由some-, any-, eve

8、ry-, no-与与 -one, -body, -thing 构成构成 “多多”或或“少少”复合不定代词复合不定代词 代代词词其其他他代代词词疑问代词：疑问代词：what, which, who, whom, whose Who invented the steam engine?谁谁发明了蒸汽机发明了蒸汽机?相互代词：相互代词：each other, one another learn from each other; help one another指示代词：指示代词：this, that, these, those, such, so Such is the situation we a

9、re facing.这就是我们所面临的情况。这就是我们所面临的情况。连接代词：连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what (详见名词性从句详见名词性从句)关系代词：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that (详见定语从句详见定语从句)代代词词形式主语：形式主语：Its no use shouting. 喊叫是没有用喊叫是没有用的。的。形式宾语：形式宾语：I find it hard to concentrate. 我觉我觉得很难集中注意力。得很难集中注意力。强调结构：强调结构：It is Mr Li who often encourages

10、 me. 是李老师经常鼓励我。是李老师经常鼓励我。时间：时间：Its three years since I last saw her. 我我三年没有见到她了。三年没有见到她了。距离：距离：Its 10 miles from here to my office. 这这里离我办公室有里离我办公室有1010英里。英里。环境：环境：Its quiet in the classroom. 教室里很安教室里很安静。静。代代词词It的的用用法法代代词词It的的用用法法天气：天气：It is raining. 在下雨。在下雨。刚提到的事物（它）：刚提到的事物（它）：Wheres your car? Its

11、in the garage. 你的车在哪里？在车库。你的车在哪里？在车库。婴儿或动物：婴儿或动物：What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy? 多漂亮的孩子啊！是男孩吗？多漂亮的孩子啊！是男孩吗？确认身份：确认身份：Who is it that has come? Its Tom. 是谁来了？汤姆。是谁来了？汤姆。代前面整句：代前面整句：Youve saved my life; Ill never forget it. 你救了我的命，我是不会忘记的。你救了我的命，我是不会忘记的。顾真 题 回语法填空语法填空1. (2018全国全国卷卷) If you are time

12、 poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _ a try. 作间接宾语，代替前文的作间接宾语，代替前文的running，用，用it。当。当然直接填然直接填running也可以。也可以。it/running2. (2018全国全国卷卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find_ (they) alive.作动词作

13、动词find的宾语要用宾格，故填的宾语要用宾格，故填them。them3. (2017全国全国卷卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _ every day.it作作using的宾语，用宾格人称代词；指代前文的宾语，用宾格人称代词；指代前文中的中的the railway，用，用it。4. (2020全国全国卷卷) Data about the moons composition, such as h

14、ow much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球月球的的)base are practical.在名词在名词plans前作定语前作定语, 用形容词性物主代词用形容词性物主代词its,指指“中国的中国的”计划。计划。its5. (2016全国全国卷卷) On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _ (

15、it) mother. 在名词在名词mother前作定语，用形容词性物主代前作定语，用形容词性物主代词词its，指前文中提到的，指前文中提到的“那个活跃的三个月大那个活跃的三个月大的双胞胎的的双胞胎的”母亲。母亲。its6. (2015全国全国卷卷)A few hours earlier, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _(it) choking smog. 在名词短语在名词短语choking smog (令人窒息的烟雾令人窒息的烟雾)前前作定语，用形容词性物主代词作定语，用形容词性物主代词its，指，指“香港的香港的”令人窒息的烟雾。令人窒息的烟雾。i

16、ts7. (2016四川卷四川卷)By that time, the panda no longer needed _ (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.在名词在名词mother前作定语，用形容词性物主代词前作定语，用形容词性物主代词its，指指“the panda的的”母亲。母亲。8. (2014全国全国卷卷)“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus sho

17、uted, “Oh dear! Its _ (I). ” 句中句中It可能是替代可能是替代my suitcase，意为，意为“那是我的箱那是我的箱子子”，故填，故填mine；也可能是代替；也可能是代替anyone,意为意为“丢丢东西的人是我东西的人是我”，故填，故填me。mine/me its9. (2020新高考全国新高考全国卷卷) Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of _ (we) Further Resources section featured in ea

18、ch volume.在名词在名词Further Resources section前作定语，前作定语，用形容词性物主代词，故填用形容词性物主代词，故填our。our10. (2020新高考全国新高考全国卷卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟模拟)and imagine _ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.反指主语反指主语visitors，故填反身代词

19、，故填反身代词themselves。imagine sb doing sth意为意为“想象某人做某事想象某人做某事”。themselves析考 情 分考情：考情：自自2014年以来的全国卷中，代词在语法年以来的全国卷中，代词在语法填空共考了填空共考了9题，属于常考考点。题，属于常考考点。语法填空中，语法填空中，7题给了提示词；题给了提示词；3题是给出题是给出it，要求考生填入要求考生填入its；2题是给出题是给出they，要求考生，要求考生填填them或或themselves；1题是给出题是给出we，要求考，要求考生填生填our；1题是给出题是给出I，要求考生填，要求考生填mine/me；2题

20、是纯空格题，要求考生填题是纯空格题，要求考生填it。解法解法：1. 在语法填空的纯空格中，如果空格处在语法填空的纯空格中，如果空格处是句子的主语和宾语，一定是填代词。因为作是句子的主语和宾语，一定是填代词。因为作主语或宾语的典型词类就是名词和代词，而在主语或宾语的典型词类就是名词和代词，而在纯空格中是不要求考生根据上下文推断来填名纯空格中是不要求考生根据上下文推断来填名词的，所以只能是填代词；然后根据句意弄清词的，所以只能是填代词；然后根据句意弄清指代对象，指代对象在上下文指代对象，指代对象在上下文(主要是上文主要是上文)中找，中找，找到后填入空格看句意是否通顺；最后根据指找到后填入空格看句意

21、是否通顺；最后根据指代内容是人还是物，是男还是女，是单数还是代内容是人还是物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数等，填入一个适当的代词。复数等，填入一个适当的代词。2. 如果语法填空中给出了代词的基本形式，要如果语法填空中给出了代词的基本形式，要根据要填的词在句中的作用来判断填哪种形式。根据要填的词在句中的作用来判断填哪种形式。作定语用形容词性物主代词，作主语用人称代作定语用形容词性物主代词，作主语用人称代词主格，作宾语和表语用宾格；同时注意，名词主格，作宾语和表语用宾格；同时注意，名词性物主代词也可作主语、宾语和表语，但意词性物主代词也可作主语、宾语和表语，但意思不同思不同, 它相当于它相当于 “形

22、容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词”。此外，还需要注意偶尔会考查反身代词。此外，还需要注意偶尔会考查反身代词。练模 拟 操1. (2021广东惠州二调广东惠州二调) Now Fans husband is in charge of Jun porcelain (钧瓷钧瓷) making while she is responsible for sales. _ have combined Jun porcelain production with modern art and often share thoughts about designs together. 作主语作主语, 指代指

23、代Fans husband和和Fan, 故填故填They。They语法填空语法填空人称代词人称代词2. (2021河北唐山一模河北唐山一模) During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter _ are covered with white frost. they指代前面的指代前面的mountains，故填，故填they。3. (2020广东中山期末广东中山期末) It would appear that the physical act of smiling makes our brain think we are hap

24、pyeven if we are not and just like that, it brings about a physiological response that makes _ (we) feel better and more relaxed.作作makes的宾语，用宾格形式。的宾语，用宾格形式。us4. (2019湖南怀化二模湖南怀化二模) After what seemed ages of waiting, the club was finally accepted by the majority of students in my school. An increasing

25、 number of students supported _ (we).作作support的宾语要用的宾语要用we的宾格形式的宾格形式us。us5. (2021江苏苏北一检江苏苏北一检) _ (he) book The Wizenard Series: Training Camp came out in March. 修饰名词修饰名词book作定语，用形容词性物主代词。作定语，用形容词性物主代词。6. (2021湖南株洲质检湖南株洲质检)Afterwards, a real tree is planted by Alipay and _ (it) partners in some of th

26、e countrys most dry areas. 修饰名词修饰名词partners作定语，用形容词性物主代作定语，用形容词性物主代词词its。Hisits物主代词物主代词7. (2020河北承德期末河北承德期末) Sarah helped Janet with _ (she) homework and patiently explained every exercise to Janet. 在名词在名词mother前作定语，用形容词性物主代词前作定语，用形容词性物主代词its，指，指“the panda”的母亲。的母亲。its8. (2019广西南宁二模广西南宁二模)His high sc

27、hool physics teacher said Cao had a strong ability to study on _ (he) own and was brave to challenge teachers and ask difficult questions.因因on ones own是固定是固定搭配搭配，意为，意为“独立地；独独立地；独自地自地”。his9.(2019广东汕头一模广东汕头一模) They have to loosen their control, give the kids time of _ (they) own, and let them take the

28、 initiative.因因of ones own为固定搭配，意为为固定搭配，意为“属于某人自属于某人自己的己的”。their10. (2021河北石家庄质检河北石家庄质检)Zhong said it was Fan who had influenced her and gave her the confidence to study archaeology, and she wanted to follow in Fans footsteps and devote _ (she) to the field. 11. (2021江苏常州期中江苏常州期中)One day when Nichola

29、s was walking past a cottage, he overheard a man talking to _ (he) that there was not enough money for his daughters to find a husband. himselfherself反身代词反身代词因因talk to oneself为固定搭配，意为为固定搭配，意为“自言自语自言自语”。因因devote oneself to sth (献身于或致力于做某事献身于或致力于做某事) 是是固定搭配。固定搭配。12. (2021广东佛山质检广东佛山质检) I kept telling _

30、 (I) just to show them the real me. myself因主语和宾语都是因主语和宾语都是“我我”，故应用反身代词。，故应用反身代词。13. (2021广东肇庆一模广东肇庆一模)Released under the brand Chinese Book Store, Chinese Character Origin Cards has earned _ (it) a lot of positive market feedback. 本句的主语和宾语所指相同，都指本句的主语和宾语所指相同，都指Chinese Character Origin Cards，因此宾语应使用反

31、，因此宾语应使用反身代词，故填身代词，故填itself。itself 14. (2020福建三明期末福建三明期末) I love coming to Beijings parks at this time of year because I can always enjoy _ (I), bathing in the last of the good weather and golden colors. myself因因enjoy oneself (玩得开心玩得开心)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。15. (2021辽宁营口期末辽宁营口期末) Even in high-tech Japan, is i

32、mpossible not to see businessmen, farmers, _ mothers or workers in the streets on their bikes. 因因it is impossible to do sth为固定搭配，意为为固定搭配，意为“做某做某事是不可能的事是不可能的”。16. (2021山东临沂期中山东临沂期中) There are psychological benefits associated with being real when _ comes to Facebook posts and likes, a team of US rese

33、archers at New Yorks Columbia Business School found. 因因when it comes to为固定搭配为固定搭配, 意为意为“当涉及当涉及”。ititit的用法的用法17. (2021山东济南期末山东济南期末) At Zhongshuge, a bookstore and library in Yangzhou, China, the books go on forever. Or at least, thats what _ looks like. 指代前文的指代前文的Zhongshuge，应用代词，应用代词it。18. (2021河北张家口

34、质检河北张家口质检) Today we visit a small museum in the American state of Maryland. _ is called the National Cryptologic Museum(国家密国家密码博物馆码博物馆). 句子缺主语，此处指代前文的句子缺主语，此处指代前文的a small museum，应用应用it。itIt19. (2021河北保定模拟河北保定模拟)Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making _ suitab

35、le for farming. 指代前文的指代前文的the dry Chengdu Plain, 用用it。20. (2021福建漳州适应性考试福建漳州适应性考试) The unique outside not only satisfied a practical function, but also made _ possible for the buildings to have wonderful appearances. 此处此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是作形式宾语，真正的宾语是the buildings to have wonderful appearances。itit21. (

36、2021河北张家口期末河北张家口期末) _ is a widely practiced custom for people to enjoy a bowl of noodles on their birthday as a symbol of longevity (长寿长寿). 因因“It+be+adj./n.+（for sb）+to do sth”是是it作形式主语的常见句型，表示作形式主语的常见句型，表示“做某事（对做某事（对某人来说）某人来说） 是是”，其中，其中，it为形式主语，为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。真正的主语为动词不定式。It22. (2020潮州期末潮州期末)The

37、meaning of the Chinese characters is to add (ji) oil (yu), which implies adding oil /fuel to an engine to fire _ up.句子缺宾语，应填代词；指代前面的句子缺宾语，应填代词；指代前面的engine，故，故用用it。it23. (2020安徽合肥一模安徽合肥一模) _ took artist Guo Feng two months to complete the black-and-white painting named Yongsheng in Chinese因因It takes

38、somebody some time to do sth(某人某人花费时间做某事花费时间做某事)是固定句型，其中，是固定句型，其中，it是形式是形式主语，真正的主语是主语，真正的主语是to do sth。It24. (2019湖南岳阳二模湖南岳阳二模) Its no surprise that smartwatches are so popular nowadays _ seems that everyone wants to buy one! 本句真正的主语为本句真正的主语为that从句，缺少形式主语，从句，缺少形式主语，故用代词故用代词it。it25. (2020辽宁葫芦岛期末辽宁葫芦岛期

39、末) _ is possible that hackers (黑客黑客) could steal this data from app companies and use it to break into users phones and steal their money.It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，从句，也可将也可将It is possible that(有可能有可能)看作看作一个固定句型。一个固定句型。26. (2020安徽芜湖期末安徽芜湖期末)In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run

40、 up against many difficulties. In the first place, _ happens that we have trouble expressing our minds with appropriate words and phrases.因因it happens that (碰巧；往往会发生碰巧；往往会发生)是固定是固定句型。句型。 it27. (2020四川资阳一诊四川资阳一诊) I dislike _ when the air is bad because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe因因I

41、dislike it when (我不喜欢我不喜欢的时候的时候)是固是固定句式。定句式。28. (2019安徽安庆二模安徽安庆二模) Every new year in the heartland of industrial China thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make _ home.itit因因make it+地点地点表示表示“(尤指在困难情况下尤指在困难情况下)准时到准时到达达”。29. (2019安徽宿州二模安徽宿州二模) Xia

42、 finally made _ in his fifth attempt on May 14, 2018因因make it意为意为“获得成功获得成功”。30. (2020陕西榆林一模陕西榆林一模) _ was also during this age that similar games were being played in Korea and Japan, and gradually worldwide.与与wasthat构成强调结构，强调时间状语构成强调结构，强调时间状语during this age。itIt31. (2020山东青岛期末山东青岛期末) Seippel has bee

43、n playing music since he was just 12 years old. But it was not until he was 24 and living in China _ he learned to play the pipa. 因因it was not untilthat是是notuntil(直直到到才才)的强调结构。的强调结构。that32. (2019广西南宁二模广西南宁二模) Why was Cao able to make the discovery? His teachers think it is Caos independent learning

44、ability and interest in doing experiments _ matter.本句为强调句，其句型结构为：本句为强调句，其句型结构为：It is/was+被强被强调部分调部分+who/that+剩余部分，故填剩余部分，故填 that。that33. (2019湖南怀化三模湖南怀化三模) For one thing, different regions are famous for growing different types of tea For _, people in different regions tend to prefer drinking differ

45、ent teas.因因for one thingfor another为固定搭配，意为为固定搭配，意为“一方面一方面另一方面另一方面”。another不定代词和疑问代词不定代词和疑问代词34. (2019山东滨州二模山东滨州二模)The arrival of 5G has attracted a lot of people. It not only brings fast mobile Internet, but also enables us to connect with machines. So _ is 6G supposed to bring, especially for ordinary people? 分析句子成分可知，本句缺一个疑问词，结合分析句子成分可知，本句缺一个疑问词，结合句意可知，此处要表达的是句意可知，此处要表达的是6G会带来会带来“什么什么”，故用疑问代词故用疑问代词what。whatThank you !