Section-3-Machine-Design-of-Typical-Chemical-Vessels[典型的化工容器第三节机械设计](98)课件.ppt
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- 典型的化工容器第三节机械设计 Section Machine Design of Typical Chemical Vessels 典型 化工 容器 三节 机械设计 98 课件
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1、4.U Tube Type Heat Exchanger2.Float Head Heat Exchanger3.Stuffing Box Heat Exchanger1.Fixed Tube Sheet Type Heat ExchangerFixed Tube Sheet Type Heat Exchanger接 管 法 兰管 箱容 器 法 兰排 气 管膨 胀 节管 板拉 杆定 距 管折 流 板换 热 管壳 程 接 管支 座排 污 口管 程 接 管Nozzle Flange Pipe Connecting F. 接管法兰接管法兰Vessel Flange 容器法兰容器法兰Tube Shee
2、t Plate 管板管板(Air) Vent Nozzle 排气管排气管Expansion Joint 膨胀节膨胀节Shell Nozzle 壳程接管壳程接管Tie Rod 拉杆拉杆(Pipe) Spacer 定距管定距管Header Channel (head) 管箱管箱Baffle 折流板折流板Heat Exchange Tube 换热管换热管Inner Pipe Nozzle 管程接管管程接管Drain (Outlet) 排污口排污口Support 支座支座3.Strength Designi. Confirming the strength dimension (wall thickn
3、ess S) of units like shell, heads, etc. ii. Opening reinforcement computation4.Tube Sheet Design5.Calculation of Thermal temperature (difference) Stress6.Calculation of Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint Load pulling-out force of tubeMain PartsCylinder (Shell)HeatsTube Sheet (Plate)Tube (Pipe) BundleBaffle, Ti
4、e Rod, (Pipe) Spacer Pass Partition (Plate)、16Mn、15MnV1Cr18Ni9Ti 3.Connection of Tube and Tube Sheeti.Expansion Joint胀接胀接Before Expansion JointAfter Expansion Jointii. Welding Soldered Joint焊接焊接iii. Expanded and Welded Joint胀焊结合胀焊结合Advantages:(1)Strengthening the Resistance to Fatigue at the joint(2
5、)Eliminating the Stress Corrosion (应力腐蚀应力腐蚀) and Gap Corrosion (间隙腐蚀间隙腐蚀), then raising the lifetimeMethodology:(1)Welding before expanding (先焊后胀先焊后胀)(2)Expanding before welding (先胀后焊先胀后焊) 4.Structure of tube sheet and the connection of it with shell Depending on types of heat exchangerTow TypesNon-
6、movable (Fixed) Tube Sheet used to fix the Shell-and Tube Heat Exchanger Detachable (Non-fixed) Tube Sheet used in Float Heat, Stuffing Box, U Type Heat Exchangeri. Fixed Tube Sheet used in Fixed Tube Sheet Type Heat Exchanger ii. Non-fixed Tube Sheet the connecting structure of Float Head, U Type a
7、nd Stuffing Box Heat Exchanger 5.The Sealing between Tube Sheet and Header Taking the Double Tube Side (Pass) as the example:Partition of Channel Head:Structure of Channel Head:6.Structure of Shell Side (Pass)Main Units in Shell Pass Baffle Base Plate-支承板支承板 By-pass Baffles (Sealing Strip)-旁路挡板旁路挡板
8、Impingement Plate (Baffle)-防冲板防冲板 etc.i.Baffles and Base Plate折流板折流板 支撑板支撑板Function: (1)Increasing the flow velocity of fluid in shell pass and verifying the flow direction Elevating the Heat Transfer Efficiency(2)Bearing the heat exchange tubesTypes:Arcuate, Disc and Doughnut Type, Fan Shaped.Arcua
9、teDisc and Doughnut TypeFan Shapedii. By-pass Baffles旁路挡板旁路挡板 While there has clearance large enough between shell and tube bundle, we set the plates along the longitudinal direction and force the fluid across the tube bundles in order to avoid the fluid flow into the shortcut.iii. Function of Impin
10、gement Plate防冲板防冲板 Preventing the fast flowing media rushing (冲刷冲刷) the tube bundles at the porch of shell passiv. For Steam Inlet Tube入口管入口管 Making as Bugle Type to decrease the flow velocity and fulfil the buffering functionConditions:(1)Rigid connection between tube bundle and shell(2)Thermal T.D
11、. Stress occurs between tube and shellii. Calculation of Thermal T.D. Stress热应力计算热应力计算Assumption:Cold fluid flowing in shell pass, wall T of shell is tsHot fluid flowing in tube pass, wall T of tube is ttIn the course of installation tt = ts = toIn the course of operation(1)If the tube and shell can
12、 elongate freely s = s( ts to)L t = t( tt to)L(2)If the elongation is limited rigidly, both of them only elongate at the same length difference L s t At this moment:Tube is compressed by compressive force Fcomp. Compressive Stress (压应力压应力) t occurs on the tube wallShell is pulled by tensile force Ft
13、ensile Tensile Stress (拉应力拉应力) S occurs on the shell wallThis kind of stress caused by temperature difference is called Temperature Difference Stress or Thermal Stress.Calculation of Thermal Temperature Difference Stress:If the deformation caused by temperature difference is among the range of elast
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