专升本英语-状语从句课件.ppt

1、状语从状语从句句定义定义状语时用来修饰状语时用来修饰 动词动词，形容词形容词，副词副词或或句子句子 的一种句子成分。它可以表的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间、地点、示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。比较、方式等。当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从句。也就是状语从句。时间状语从时间状语从句句地点状语从地点状语从句句原因状语从原因状语从句句目的状语从目的状语从句句条件状语从条件状语从句句状语从句状语从句结果状语从结果状语从句句让步状语从让步状语从句句方式状语从方式状语从句句比较状语从比较状语从句句01时间状语

2、从句时间状语从句when的用法小结：的用法小结：1. when引导的时间状语从句的引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词谓语动词可可以是以是可延续性动词可延续性动词， 也可以是表短暂性动作的动词也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性非延续性)。 意为：当意为：当的时候的时候 When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore. When the film ended, the people went back.时间状语从句2. when可用作并列连词，其意义为可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时那时，这时，这时”，相当于，相当于at this/that time。常

3、用于下列。常用于下列句式句式：(刚刚要要这时突然这时突然) sb. was doing something was about to do sth + when was on the point of doing sth. had just done sth I was walking along the street when I met him.I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in时间状语从句3. when3. when 还有一些较为灵活的翻译：还有一些较为灵活的翻译： 尽管；虽然；鉴于；如果；届时尽管；虽然；鉴于；如果；届时

4、Why do you walk Why do you walk whenwhen you have a you have a car?car? HeHe walkswalks whenwhen hehe mightmight taketake a a taxi.taxi. MaryMary willwill visitvisit thisthis citycity inin June,June, whenwhen sheshe willwill openopen a a newnew hospital.hospital.时间状语从句whilewhile用法小结：用法小结：1.1. whilew

5、hile引导的引导的动作动作必须是必须是持续性的持续性的或或进行中的进行中的，在在期间，往往指一段时间期间，往往指一段时间WhileWhile we were we were talkingtalking, he came in., he came in.Please dont talk so loud Please dont talk so loud whilewhile others are others are workingworking. .2.2. whilewhile作为并列连词，意为作为并列连词，意为“而，却而，却”，侧重侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。主句动作和从句动作相对比。

6、We are cleaning the classroom We are cleaning the classroom whilewhile they they are playing the football.are playing the football.时间状语从句while 的不同含义：的不同含义：While I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. While I really dont like art

7、, I find his work impressive. While there is life there is hope. while = whenwhenwhile = butbutwhile = althoughalthoughwhile = asas longlong asas时间状语从句as as 用法：用法：1.1. asas引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句, , 可以表达可以表达“正当正当”， “ “一一 边边一边一边”，“随随着着”等意思。等意思。 AsAs the sun rose, the fog the sun rose, the fog disappeared.

8、disappeared.2.2. asas表示表示“随着随着”，常指一个行为是另一，常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。 AsAs she she grew grew older, she older, she becamebecame more beautiful.more beautiful.时间状语从句when,when, while,while, asas 用法区别用法区别1.1. whilewhile引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是从句的谓语

9、动词必须是可延续的可延续的， 而而whenwhen引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词的动词。When/While When/While he was he was eatingeating his his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.WhenWhen I I stoppedstopped my car, a man came up my car, a man came up to

10、me.to me.时间状语从句2.2. 表示表示“随着随着”，连词用连词用asas，不用，不用whenwhen或或whilewhile。AsAs the day went on, the weather got the day went on, the weather got worse.worse.3.3. 如果如果主句主句表示的是表示的是短暂动作短暂动作，而，而从句从句用用延延续性动作的进行时态续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，在进行的动作时，when, whilewhen, while与与as as 可互可互换使用换使用。When/While/As I

11、 When/While/As I was walking was walking down the down the street, I street, I came across came across an old friend of an old friend of mine.mine.时间状语从句4. 从句动作发生在主句动作之前从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，时，只能只能用用when引导这个从句，不可用引导这个从句，不可用as或或while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.When the children ha

12、d gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.时间状语从句before引导的时间状语从句，常译为引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在在之前之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。 We clean the classroom before we leave school every day. 句型句型 It will be/was一段时间一段时间before“还要过多久才还要过多久才” 句型句型 It will be/was not一段时间一段时间before“不多久就不多久就”It will be two ye

13、ars before he leaves the country.It wasnt two years before he left the country.时间状语从句since引导的时间状语从句，常译为引导的时间状语从句，常译为“自从自从”，主句主句常用常用现在完成时现在完成时，从句从句常用常用一般过去时一般过去时。 We havent seen each other since we parted. 常用句型：常用句型：It is/It has been + 时间段时间段 + since从句从句 “自从自从有多长时间了有多长时间了 ”It is/It has been six years

14、 since she graduated from the university. 翻译：他不吸烟有五年时间了。翻译：他不吸烟有五年时间了。时间状语从句till,till, untiluntil 和和 notuntilnotuntil 的用法的用法1.1. until/tilluntil/till引导时间状语从句用于引导时间状语从句用于肯定句肯定句时时，主句的动词是延续性动词主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状，表示动作或状态一直持续到态一直持续到 until/tilluntil/till所表示的时间，意所表示的时间，意为为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。 W

15、e waited We waited till/untiltill/until he came. he came. 2.2. 用于用于否定句否定句时，时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动主句谓语动词是非延续性动词词，从句为肯定，意为，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间某动作直到某时间才开始才开始” He wont go to bed He wont go to bed till/until till/until she she returns.returns.时间状语从句3till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以可以。 Until you told me I had no idea

16、of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：句型中的强调和倒装说法： 强调句强调句:It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 倒装句倒装句(notuntil放句首时，主句要倒装放句首时，主句要倒装）：）： Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.时间状语从句名词短语名词短语引导的时间状语从句：引导的时间状语从句：the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the hour, the day, by the ti

17、me, each time, every time, next time, any time等也可以引导时等也可以引导时间状语从句。间状语从句。Tom ran away the moment he saw his father coming along.Every time he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers.时间状语从句no sooner than, hardly/ scarcely/ barelywhen引导引导时间状语从句，时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时过去完成时。当当no sooner, ha

18、rdly/ scarcely/ barely位位于句首时，主句要于句首时，主句要用部分倒装用部分倒装。I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.时间状语从句1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone. A. while B. after C. in case D. the minute2. How long do y

19、ou think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers? A. when B. until C. before D. sinceD DC C时间状语从句3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. As D. While4. It will be a long time Peter his work. A. since; has finishedB. after; finishes C. when; will finishD.

20、 before; finishesC CD D时间状语从句5. We were just calling you up you came in.A. about; whenB. on the point of; while C. on the point of; whenD. on the point of; as6. Babies sleep 16 to 18 hours in every 24 hours, and they sleep less they grow older.A. while B. asC. whenD. afterC CB B02地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句用

21、连接副词地点状语从句用连接副词 where，wherever (在任何地方在任何地方)，everywhere（在每个地方）在每个地方） 引导。引导。We must camp where we can get water.You can sit wherever you like.She follows me everywhere I go.03原因状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。所发生的原因。引导这种从句常用的连接词是：引导这种从句常用的连接词是：because, as, since, now that, for,

22、和和 considering that(顾及到顾及到), seeing that (由于由于)这七个连词都用于表示表示原因这七个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但但在语气在语气上一个比一个弱。上一个比一个弱。原因状语从句because, since, as, for的区别的区别:1. because - 直接原因，非推断，语气最强直接原因，非推断，语气最强，回答，回答why的问题。的问题。 Why did you go home early? Because I was tired.2. as和和since 通常放句首，一般用来表示明通常放句首，一般用来表示明显的、已知的原因，译为显的、已知的原因，

23、译为“因为因为；既然既然; ”。As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.原因状语从句because, since, as, for的区别的区别:3. for 放句中，补充说明，常用于推断放句中，补充说明，常用于推断。I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.原因状语从句1. I danced in front of the people _ I liked it.2. _ he was

24、 not well, I decided to go without him.3. _ everybody know about it, I dont want to talk any more.4. He must be ill, _ he is absent today.becausbecause eAs/SiAs/SincenceAs/SiAs/Sincencefofor r04目的状语从句目的状语从句soso thatthat既可以引导目的状语从句，又可引导既可以引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。结果状语从句。 引导目的状语从句时，一般用于主句后，引导目的状语从句时，一般用于主句

25、后，有时可分开，有时可分开，so so 有时可省略有时可省略; ; 从句中从句中要要有情态动词有情态动词 引导结果状语从句时，引导结果状语从句时，句中无情态动词句中无情态动词区分：区分：SpeakSpeak clearlyclearly soso thatthat theythey maymay understandunderstand you.you. HeHe gotgot onon thethe traintrain latelate soso thatthat hehe foundfound allall thethe seatsseats occupied.occupied.目的状语

26、从句in order that: 用于正式文体中，从句可用于正式文体中，从句可位于主句前或后。位于主句前或后。和和in order to 的区别：的区别：in order to后面接后面接动词动词，是简单句。，是简单句。in order that后面加的是状语从句。后面加的是状语从句。HeHe camecame backback earlyearly inin orderorder thatthat hehe couldcould attendattend thethe meeting.meeting.In order to ensure In order to ensure success

27、we must have success we must have a complete plan. a complete plan. 目的状语从句1. I think that you had better get up earlier _ you can get to class on time. A. in order B. so that C. such that D. that2. _ understand how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry.A. In order to B.

28、So as to C. In order that D. So that3. I wrote it down _ I forget.A. in case of B. in case C. as if D. in order thatB BA AB B05结果状语从句结果状语从句1.1. so thatso that ( (如此如此以至于以至于)， so so 后面应用形容词或副词后面应用形容词或副词, , 有时省略有时省略soso只只用用thatthatMikeMike isis soso honesthonest a a manman thatthat wewe allall believe

29、believe him.him.2.2. suchthat (suchthat (如此如此以至于以至于),), 用用法与法与sothatsothat相同，但相同，但suchsuch后面应修饰后面应修饰名词名词。P.169P.169 so,so, suchsuch结构结构HeHe mademade suchsuch anan inspiringinspiring speechspeech thatthat everybodyeverybody gotgot soso excited.excited.结果状语从句so that（结果是，以致），引导结果状语（结果是，以致），引导结果状语从句时，从句

30、时，句中无情态动词句中无情态动词He spoke clearly, so that everybody understood him.结果状语从句1. The teacher told us funny story we all laughed.A. such a; that B. such, that C. so a, that D. so, that2. Our PE teacher walks _ we cant catch up with him.A. so quick thatB. too quickly thatC. so quickly thatD. too quickly th

31、at3. The workers work hard they dont have a day off even on the weekend. A. too; that B. such; that C. so; that D. as; thatA AC CC C06条件状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导：条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if, unless (除非除非), a

32、s / so long as (只要只要), on condition (只要只要), once ( 一旦一旦), in case (假使假使) , providing / provided (that) 等。等。条件状语从句Unless：如果不：如果不, 除非除非 = if notWe cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.= We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.条件状语从句provided thatprovided tha

33、t： 如果如果，有时省略有时省略 thatthat1.1. The plane will be in good condition The plane will be in good condition provided (that) provided (that) it is taken care of it is taken care of carefully.carefully.2.2. You can become a scientist You can become a scientist provided provided (that) (that) you are in good

34、 shape and you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.you have got the proper education.条件状语从句on condition thaton condition that：条件是：条件是1.1. He said that he would come to the He said that he would come to the meeting meeting on condition thaton condition that no one no one asked him

35、 to speakasked him to speak. .2.2. The mother promised to the son to The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane buy him a toy airplane on on condition that condition that he passes his he passes his English testEnglish test. .条件状语从句条件句的时态，常见的有一下两种情况：条件句的时态，常见的有一下两种情况：1.1.主将从现主将从现：书上：书上

36、P4P4 WhenWhen I I growgrow up,up, I I willwill bebe a a nursenurse andand looklook afterafter patients.patients. IfIf I I havehave time,time, I I willwill gogo toto thethe moviesmovies withwith him.him.2.2. 如果主句是如果主句是祈使句祈使句，那么从句通常要用，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。（一般现在时。（主祈从现主祈从现） IfIf youyou wantwant toto havehave

37、a a talk,talk, callcall meme up.up.条件状语从句1. We will be able to get there on time, _ our car doesnt break down on the road. A. as soon as B. as far as C. as long as D. as well as2. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. until C. if

38、D. unless3. _ you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. WhenA AC CC C条件状语从句4. Ifyou_totheparty,youllhaveagreattime. A. will go B. went C. go D. going5. IfWangFang_me,_meatonce. A. need; tellB. needs; tellingC. need; tellingD. needs; tell6. I_hertheanswerifshe_me. A. can tell; will askB. will tell; will ask C. would tell; askD. will tell; asksD DC CD D