初中英语五种基本句型总结课件.pptx

1、英语五种基本句型：英语五种基本句型：基本句型一基本句型一: : + + （主谓）（主谓）基本句型二基本句型二: : + + + +（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三基本句型三: : + + + +O O （主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四基本句型四: : + + + +IOIO + +O O（主谓间宾（主谓间宾 直宾）直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五： + + + +O O + +（主谓宾（主谓宾宾补）宾补） 1.They work hard. 主主 + 谓谓 2.Plants need water. 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 3.The flower is dead. 主主 + 系系 + 表表 4.He

2、 gives me some seeds. 主主 + 谓谓 + 直宾直宾 + 间间宾宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补 1.She sings.1.She sings. 2.She sings songs.2.She sings songs. 3.She is a singer.3.She is a singer. 4.She sang him a song.4.She sang him a song. 5.She asked him to sing too.5.She asked him to sin

3、g too. 1 1、TomToms sister,Mary,sings s sister,Mary,sings wery well.wery well. 2, Every morning she sings folk 2, Every morning she sings folk songs at the top of her voice songs at the top of her voice near the window.near the window. 3, If she works hard, she may 3, If she works hard, she may becom

4、e a famous singer some become a famous singer some day.day. 4,Every morning,she sings 4,Every morning,she sings countless songs to her countless songs to her brother,and give him no peace.brother,and give him no peace. 5,Sometimes,naughty Mary 5,Sometimes,naughty Mary would ask her angry brother to

5、would ask her angry brother to sing together with her.sing together with her. 基本句型基本句型 一一 + +（主谓）（主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以跟副，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。词、介词短语、状语从句等。walk. look. swim. go. come. walk. look. swim. go. come. work. run, live. stay

6、 , arrivework. run, live. stay , arrive .go to , look at, listen togo to , look at, listen to TheThe sunsun waswas shining.shining. TheThe moonmoon rose.rose. WeWe allall breathe,breathe, eat,eat, andand drink.drink. He runs in the park. He runs in the park. They They talkedtalked forfor halfhalf an

7、an hour.hour. The The penpen writeswrites smoothly.smoothly. Birds Birds fly.fly. Class begins. Class begins. They also play together after They also play together after school.school. He often runs in the morning.He often runs in the morning. He often walks after supper. He often walks after supper

8、. He always swims in summer.He always swims in summer. Flowers grow in spring. Flowers grow in spring. He is lying under the tree. He is lying under the tree. I live far away from school. I live far away from school. We travel by bicycle.We travel by bicycle. I get there at eight.I get there at eigh

9、t. The bus goes along Yuhua The bus goes along Yuhua Road.Road. The wind is blowing.The wind is blowing. The days start before 6 oThe days start before 6 oclock.clock. The bus stopped at the station.The bus stopped at the station. They live on the ninth floor.They live on the ninth floor. My eyes hu

10、rt.My eyes hurt. The students study hard.The students study hard. The sun shines in summer. The sun shines in summer. 基本句型基本句型 二二 + + + +O O （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。1.

11、Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. WhoWho knowsknows thethe answer?answer? SheShe smiledsmiled herher thanks.thanks. HeHe hashas refusedrefused

12、 toto helphelp them.them. HeHe enjoysenjoys reading.reading. TheyThey ateate three apples.three apples. HeHe saidsaid GoodGood morning.morning. I I wantwant toto havehave a a cupcup ofof tea.tea. HeHe often plays football.often plays football.I have two brothers. I have two brothers. He never rides

13、his bicycle to He never rides his bicycle to schoolschool We watch television after We watch television after suppersupper Stop talking. Stop talking. She likes her job.She likes her job.Birds are making their nests. Birds are making their nests. My father read the book.My father read the book.They

14、want to go. They want to go. I know him very wellI know him very well Many people like traveling by Many people like traveling by bus. bus. You must listen to me. You must listen to me. Look at the blackboard. Look at the blackboard.I get on the bus.I get on the bus.He looks after his brother.He loo

15、ks after his brother.They put up a new hospital.They put up a new hospital.基本句型基本句型 三三（主系表）（主系表）共同的特点：共同的特点： 句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做类动词叫做连系动词连系动词。1 1、表示情况或状态：、表示情况或状态：（1 1）、）、be,be, keep,keep, seem,appear see

16、m,appear 状态状态（2 2）、）、feel,smell, sound,taste feel,smell, sound,taste look,look,等感官动词变化而来等感官动词变化而来（3 3）、）、keep,stay,continue,remain,gkeep,stay,continue,remain,go riseo rise不及物动词变化而来。不及物动词变化而来。2 2、表示主语变化过程：、表示主语变化过程：get,get, grow,grow, become,become, turnturn，go, go, comecome等。等。bebe 本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义,

17、 ,只起连系主语只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。其部分词义。 ThisThis isis anan English-ChineseEnglish-Chinese dictionary. dictionary. TheThe dinnerdinner smellssmells good.good. HeHe fellfell inin love.love. EverythingEverything lookslooks different.different. HeHe isis growinggrowing talltall andand s

18、trong.strong. TheThe trouble istrouble is thatthat theythey areare short short ofof money.money. OurOur wellwell hashas gonegone dry.dry. HisHis faceface turnedturned red.red. It is an apple. It is an apple. I Im thirteen years old.m thirteen years old.They are in the park. They are in the park. The

19、 tall man is my father.The tall man is my father.I Im poor at English.m poor at English. The food tastes nicer,The food tastes nicer,It gets warmer and warmer. It gets warmer and warmer. The days are longer. The days are longer.He became a scientist. He became a scientist. His face goes red. His fac

20、e goes red. 基本句型基本句型 四四 （主谓间宾（主谓间宾 直宾）直宾） 共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。接承受者。表示动作是表示动作是“对着谁对着谁”，“为为了谁了谁”做的，往往指人。怎样才能知道动做的，往往指人。怎样才能知道动作是作是“为了谁为了谁”还是还是“对着谁对着谁”，那就要，那就要根据间接宾语是表示动作的方向还是动作根据间接宾语是表示动作的方向还是动作的目的来定。的目的来定。 pass,

21、give, offer, lend, send, sell, pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show,bring, hand, tell, show,bring, hand, tell, return,write,pay,teach,promisereturn,write,pay,teach,promise等动词表示方向，即动作是等动词表示方向，即动作是“对着谁对着谁”，后的间接宾语前用后的间接宾语前用to,to,构成构成sth + to sb. sth + to sb. 如如: lend the book to me. : lend the boo

22、k to me. The old man gave the apple The old man gave the apple to the boyto the boy . buy, build,make, do, fetch, get, buy, build,make, do, fetch, get, play, save, cook, sing, find, play, save, cook, sing, find, 动词动词后的间接宾语是表示目的，即动作是后的间接宾语是表示目的，即动作是“为了谁为了谁”做的，后用做的，后用sth + for sb.sth + for sb.结结构。构。 M

23、y brother bought a My brother bought a dictionary for me. dictionary for me. My mother made a cake for My mother made a cake for me.me. 间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，即：间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，即：动词动词+ +间宾间宾+ +直宾直宾 He gave me an apple.He gave me an apple. She bought her daughter a She bought her daughter a new bike.new bike.

24、 He told us an old story.He told us an old story. Lao Li cooked a nice dinner.Lao Li cooked a nice dinner. He gave me a pen.=He gave a He gave me a pen.=He gave a pen to me. pen to me. She made me a cake.=She made She made me a cake.=She made a cake for me. a cake for me. He will buy some books for

25、me. He will buy some books for me. He gave a nice present to her He gave a nice present to her yesterday.yesterday. Her mother bought a new watch Her mother bought a new watch for her last week.for her last week. 但当直接宾语是人称代词，间接宾语是但当直接宾语是人称代词，间接宾语是名词时，或两个宾语都是人称代词时，名词时，或两个宾语都是人称代词时，间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，这时在间间接

26、宾语位于直接宾语之后，这时在间接宾语前必须加接宾语前必须加toto或或for.for.如：如： I pass it to my mother. I pass it to my mother. She threw them to me. She threw them to me. 关键是牢记只能接关键是牢记只能接toto和和for for 的动词。的动词。 I showed him my pictures. I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash.I gave my car a wash. I told him that the bus wa

27、s I told him that the bus was late. late. She passed him a new dress.She passed him a new dress. She cooked her a delicious She cooked her a delicious meal.meal. She brought her husband a She brought her husband a dictionary.dictionary. He bought you nothing. He bought you nothing. I showed her my p

28、ictures.I showed her my pictures. I gave him a hand. I gave him a hand. I told him how to run the I told him how to run the machine.machine. 基本句型基本句型 五五 + +O +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） 共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意完整。完整。They made

29、her happy.They made her happy. I saw her dance. I saw her dance. I found the movie interesting. I found the movie interesting. He left the door open. He left the door open. He asked me to come back. He asked me to come back. I saw them getting on the bus.I saw them getting on the bus. 1 1、动词不定式作宾补时有

30、三种情况：、动词不定式作宾补时有三种情况： 1 1）、在）、在ask, tell, invite, force, ask, tell, invite, force, get, allow, help, wish, want, get, allow, help, wish, want, like, hate, preferlike, hate, prefer等动词后，应用带等动词后，应用带toto的不定式。的不定式。 2 2）、在感官动词）、在感官动词see, hear, see, hear, watch,listen to, notice, feel, watch,listen to, not

31、ice, feel, look at,look at,和使役动词和使役动词have, make, have, make, let let 后，不定式不带后，不定式不带to.to. 3) 3)、help help 后的宾语补足语可带后的宾语补足语可带to to 也可不带。也可不带。 2 2、常用分词作宾补的动词有：、常用分词作宾补的动词有：see, see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, have, get, keep, findhave, get, keep, find等。等。 3 3、现分和

32、过分作宾补时有区别：、现分和过分作宾补时有区别：“宾语宾语+ +现分现分”在逻辑上是主动关系；在逻辑上是主动关系；“宾语宾语+ +过分过分”在逻辑上是被动关系。在逻辑上是被动关系。 I saw someone knoking at the I saw someone knoking at the door.door. I saw the door knocked at. I saw the door knocked at.They painted the door green. They painted the door green. I found the boy sitting in th

33、e I found the boy sitting in the room.room.This made me thinking. This made me thinking. I saw him out. I saw him out.He asked me to come soon. He asked me to come soon. I saw him getting on the bus.I saw him getting on the bus.We keep the table clean.We keep the table clean.They painted the door green.They painted the door green.They call supper dinner. They call supper dinner. They found the house dirty.They found the house dirty.What makes me sad? What makes me sad? We saw him out.We saw him out.