中考语法专项讲解-名词课件.pptx

1、中中 考考 语语 法法斯斯讲人教版英语 出品斯斯讲人教版英语名词单复数拒绝盗版侵权，斯斯出品斯斯讲人教版英语tomatoes、salad、homework、time、China.表示人物、事物、地点、抽象概念等的一类词。什么是名词？可数名词不可数名词不可数名词可以计数的名词。计数的名词。不能不能计数的事物的名词。计数的事物的名词。1、可数名词前、可数名词前可以用用 a , an 限定限定,表一个。表一个。2、可数名词前可数名词前可以用用 one, two, three 等限定。等限定。 an appletwo apples原形的形式叫作单数；原形的形式叫作单数；其后加其后加s的是其复数形式。的

2、是其复数形式。拒绝盗版侵权，斯斯出品斯斯讲人教版英语可数名词变复数可数名词变复数名词特点名词特点词尾加法词尾加法例词例词词尾读音方法词尾读音方法一般情况下一般情况下 加加-s1. -s在清辅音后读在清辅音后读s2. -s在浊辅音后读在浊辅音后读z3. -s在元音后读在元音后读z4. 以音素以音素 s , z , 结尾的，结尾的，读读izdesksapplestreesoranges以以-s, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的结尾的加加-es-es读读izboxeswatches以以f 或或 fe 结尾的结尾的改改f或或fe为为v 再加再加-es-ves读读vz kniveswives拒绝盗版侵

3、权，斯斯出品斯斯讲人教版英语名词特点名词特点词尾加法词尾加法例词例词词尾读音方法词尾读音方法 改改y为为i 再再加加-es-ies读读iz family-familiesdictionary-dictionaries以元音字母以元音字母加加y结尾的结尾的 加加-s-s读读zboykeys以以o 结尾结尾的的有生命有生命的的事物加事物加-es-es读读ztomatoespotatoes以以辅音辅音字母字母加加y结尾的结尾的无生命无生命的的事物加事物加-s-s读读zphotosradios可数名词变复数可数名词变复数Negroesheroesboys两菜两人两菜两人斯斯讲人教版英语可数名词变复数可

4、数名词变复数-不规则变化不规则变化斯斯讲人教版英语注意注意斯斯讲人教版英语斯斯讲人教版英语特殊情况特殊情况斯斯讲人教版英语Exercises写出下列名词的复数: watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ watches children photos diaries days feet books dresses teeth sheep boxes strawberr

5、ies thieves yo-yos peaches sandwiches men women 斯斯讲人教版英语斯斯讲人教版英语不可数名词：不可以直接用基数词计数的名词。不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词。rice、wood、paper、coffee、rain、water无法区分个体实物的名词，表示物质名称的。time、money、information、health、friendship表示性质、动作、状态、品质等等抽象概念的名词。斯斯讲人教版英语基本用法：1、不可数名词不可以直接用基数词、不定冠词a/an、指示代词this/that/these/those来修饰。如：a rain、two p

6、aper、this information2、不可数名词一般没有复数形式，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Friendship is important for everybody.No.1斯斯讲人教版英语 如何表达不可数名词的量？1、可以用一些不定代词（some/any/a little/a lot of/much/a bit of/ plenty of)等来表示概数。但这样的短语做主语仍然看作单数。如：There is some milk in the box.2、用量词，其结构为“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”。作主语时谓语动词的数取决于量词的数。如：I have two bowls of

7、 rice for lunch every day. Three cups of coffee are needed.No.2斯斯讲人教版英语 特殊用法1：有些名词即可做不可数名词又可做可数名词，含义有所不同。No.3斯斯讲人教版英语 特殊用法2：1、fruit是不可数，vegetable却是可数。bread是不可数，cake却是可数。2、hair是不可数，但短语“a few white hairs”中hair是可数。No.4 注意：不可数名词不能直接用a修饰，但是可以用the 表示特指。Milk is good for our health.An apple is good for our

8、health.The milk is good for our health.The apple is good for our health.No.51.Recently, many people dare not eat _ because of H7N9 (禽流感) Aeggs or chickens B. eggs or chicken C. egg or chickens D. egg or chicken2. Uncle Wang bought two _ for me yesterday. A. bread B. milk C. dictionary D. watches3. T

9、he students didnt find much _ about the topic on that website. Areport B. article Cinformation D. storyExx.4. After he had done his math_， he went out to take _ Aexercise; exercises Bexercise; exercise Cexercises; exercise Dexercises; exercises5. What would you like to drink, girls? _ please. ATwo g

10、lass of water BTwo glass of waters CTwo cups of tea DTwo cups of teasExx.斯斯讲人教版英语可数与不可数名可数与不可数名词量的表达词量的表达斯斯讲人教版英语可数名词，可以用可数名词，可以用aan one等基数词来表示量：等基数词来表示量：如，如，an apple one apple two apples确切数量的表达确切数量的表达不可数名词不可以不可数名词不可以如，如，a water one water two watersa box of applesa box of milk“数词数词+量词（普通名词）量词（普通名词）+

11、 of + 名词名词”。普通名词普通名词要要体现单复数变化体现单复数变化，中心词如果是可数也，中心词如果是可数也要体现单复数，如果是不可数则用原形。要体现单复数，如果是不可数则用原形。three pieces of cakes three pieces of bread用用of 短语来表达短语来表达数量数量用不定代词或固定短语来表达数量用不定代词或固定短语来表达数量词义词义即可即可修饰可数修饰可数也可也可修饰不可数的修饰不可数的只能只能修饰修饰可数可数名词名词只能只能修饰修饰不可不可数数名词名词几乎没有几乎没有 few little 一些，几个一些，几个some、anya few severa

12、l a little a bit of 许多，大量许多，大量a lot of =lots of 、 plenty of many a number ofmuch There are many（ a lot of/ lots of/a number of/ plenty of) apples.We made much(a lot of / lots of/ plenty of) delicious juice. I want to drink some. But Lucy didnt want any. She ate a few(several) apples. I ate few becau

13、se I was full. There was little juice left!当表示“请求、提议”或“希望得到肯定回答”时some可用于疑问句中如： Would you like some apples？any表示“任何一个的”，可用于肯定句中。如： You can come any time.1.What would you like to drink, girls? _ please. ATwo glass of water BTwo glass of waters CTwo cups of tea DTwo cups of teas2. The students didnt fi

14、nd much _ about the topic on that website. Areport B. article Cinformation D. story3. Youneed _ scissors. A.a piece ofB.a cake ofC.a pair ofD. asheetof4. _ and _, please.A.Twocups of teas,fourcake B.Twocups of teas,fourcakes C.Twocups of tea,fourcakesD.Twocup of tea,fourcakes用some，any填空.1. Do you ha

15、ve_new books?2. Please give me _ water.3. Could you give me _advice?用many，much， a lot of填空.I. There is _ rain here in summer.2. There were so _ people in the shop that day.3. Is there _ ink in the bottle?anysomesomemucha lot ofmanymucha lot of斯斯讲人教版英语名词短语名词短语斯斯讲人教版英语bad weathera bag of milkthe livin

16、g rooma lot of homework to doa broken cupthe weather herea boy with glassesthat apple treeA girl who has few friends is lonely.后置定语斯斯讲人教版英语前置定语的顺序All the first beautiful soft red Chinese silk dresses are very popular.名词短语的中心词限定词外观；形状；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；两种特殊的定语a ten days holiday(=a tenday holiday)注意名词短语作定语时

17、的形式变化注意名词短语作定语时的形式变化speak Englishan English-speaking country注意动宾结构作定语时发生的词序和形式上的变化。注意动宾结构作定语时发生的词序和形式上的变化。斯斯讲人教版英语an apple tree-three apple treesa man doctor-two men doctorsa woman teacher-some women teachersa sports meeting名词短语变复数斯斯讲人教版英语前置定语与后置定语的转化前置定语与后置定语的转化tomato noodles=noodles with tomatoesb

18、eef noodles=noodles with beef1Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy_ A. food Bwater Cpear Dcarrot2. How far is your home from school? Its about two_ walk. A. hours Bhours Chours Dhour3. What kind of porridge would you like, Alice? I would like _ A. egg porridge

19、Beggs porridge C. fish porridges Dfishes porridge拒绝盗版侵权，斯斯出品4. What would you like to drink, girls? _ please. ATwo glass of water BTwo glass of waters CTwo cups of tea DTwo cups of teas5.Kate is _ girl. Shes very happy at school. Aa eighteen-year-old Ban eighteen-year-old Can eighteen-years-old Da e

20、ighteen-years-old6.After he had done his math_， he went out to take _ Aexercise; exercises Bexercise; exercise Cexercises; exercise Dexercises; exercises拒绝盗版侵权，斯斯出品斯斯讲人教版英语名词所有格名词所有格什么是名词所有格？ sof一般用于有生命的人或物。如：Toms book一般用于无生命的东西。如： the window of the room一些表示时间、距离、国家、团体等名词也常用一些表示时间、距离、国家、团体等名词也常用s s表

21、示所有格表示所有格。 如如: Todays newspaper: Todays newspaper、ten minutes walkten minutes walk、Chinas citiesChinas cities有些时候，有些时候，s s和和of of 可以互用。可以互用。 如：如：the name of the cat= the cats namethe name of the cat= the cats name斯斯讲人教版英语s所有格的几种特殊情况：不带s的复数名词变其所有格形式要在其后加s；以s结尾的复数名词只加；本身以s结尾的名词可加s也可只加。斯斯讲人教版英语Millies

22、and Lucys rooms Millie and Lucys room用and连接的并列名词的所有格分两种情况:即表示各自的所有关系时，需在每个名词后加s；表示共同的所有关系时，只需在最后一个名词后加s.s所有格的几种特殊情况：一人一个房间，即共两个房间两人共一个房，只有一个房间斯斯讲人教版英语表示某人的家、店铺等，其后的名词常省略。s所有格的几种特殊情况：斯斯讲人教版英语of 所有格的特殊情况：斯斯讲人教版英语双重所有格指同时使用双重所有格指同时使用s s 所有格和所有格和of of 所有格。所有格。如：如： a friend a friend of of my fathermy fat

23、hers s 我父亲的一个朋友我父亲的一个朋友斯斯讲人教版英语1I think that his computer is much better than_ Aanyone Banyones Canyone else Danyone elses2 _ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone to business. A. Jack and Mikes BJacks and Mikes CJack and Mike DJacks and Mike3.Look at the man over there. He is

24、_ uncle. AJims and Tims B. Jims and Tim CJim and Tim D. Jim and Tims斯斯讲人教版英语4. How far is your home from school? Its about one _ walk. A. hours Bhours Chours Dhour5How _ is it from Xian to Dunhuang? Its less than 3 _ flight. A.long; hours B.far; hours C.long; hours D.far; hours6The pen writes well.Where did you get it? Oh，_gave me as a birthday present. A.a friend of my father B.a friend of mine fathers Ca friend of my fathers D. a friend of mine father斯斯讲人教版英语Thanks!斯斯讲人教版英语 出品