中考英语阅读理解-解题策略指导课件.ppt

1、 中考英语阅读理解-解题策略指导1525251540A guessing game 英语中考试卷英语中考试卷Reading comprehension Reading comprehension China has banned free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets, and people have to pay for using plastic bags. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are easy to break and peo

2、ple throw them away here and there. 1.People in China have to _ now. A.throw plastic bags here and there B.collect plastic bags in the street C.pay for using plastic bags at shops and supermarkets D.use free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets 题型：细节理解题型：细节理解“细节理解细节理解”题解题技巧：题解题技巧： 先找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一

3、般为数字、大先找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过快速阅读确定该细节在文中的出处写或人名地名，再通过快速阅读确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源）。（信息源）。 有的答案有的答案可从所提供的阅读材料中可从所提供的阅读材料中直接直接找找出出；有的答案；有的答案是短文中某个句子或是短文中某个句子或经过改写经过改写的句子的句子；有的；有的则则需要结合上下文提供的信息进行需要结合上下文提供的信息进行简单的分析，概括，甚简单的分析，概括，甚至计算至计算，最后得出正确答案，最后得出正确答案 ，仔细对照题干要求，排除，仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。或选择。友情提醒：友情提醒： 命题者惯用

4、命题者惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来的手法来“迷惑迷惑”考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，所以正确理解题干和信息句的意语或结构进行改造，所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。义是关键。牛刀小试牛刀小试2. When do they stop serving dinner? A. 10:00 am. B. 10:30 pm. C. 2:00 pm. D. 9:30 pm. Teddy Smiths Fast Food Open: 10:00 am - 10:30 pm Lunch served (服务服务) til

5、l 2:00 pmDinner served till 9:30 pmEat in or take away题型：判断推理题型：判断推理 The Chinese once used about 3,000,000,000 plastic shopping bags a day, and they have caused pollution of the environment. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are easy to break and people throw them a

6、way here and there. 3China made this rule because plastic bags were bad for the _A.environment B.litter C.shops D.supermarkets“判断推理判断推理”题解题技巧：题解题技巧： 判断推理题要求在判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息理解原文表面文字信息的的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的是文中某一句话，

7、也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。文字信息做多步推理。友情提醒：友情提醒：1.1.判断推理有理有据，切忌用自己观点代替作者判断推理有理有据，切忌用自己观点代替作者本意。本意。2.2.全面分析相关信息，切忌得出片面结论。全面分析相关信息，切忌得出片面结论。3.3.善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者思路吻合。善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者思路吻合。牛刀小试（牛刀小试（20112011江西中考江西中考）：）：76. What

8、can we learn from the passage? A. Ida hadnt seen her birthparents for at least 22 years. B. Ida found it easy for her to get used to living in Korea. C. Ida still couldnt accept who she was after she went back to Sweden. D. Ida realized she cant live a happy life either in Sweden or in Korea. A youn

9、g girl called Ida in Sweden decided to travel to a place she hadnt seen for 22 years. She had a happy life until some kids asked, “Why dont you look like your mom?” Ida was sent to her adopted (收养收养) Nobody would give them money for their project, so they used their own money. They also borrowed mon

10、ey from family and friends. Then, in 1998, they were given a cheque for $100,000, and they started their own company. Their first office was in a friends garage 6. The underline word “cheque” in the fifth paragraph means _. A.A.楼房楼房 B.B.帐单帐单 C.C.订单订单 D. D. 支票支票 题型：题型：词义猜测词义猜测“词义猜测词义猜测”题解题技巧：题解题技巧： 考

11、查内容多为考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵，掌握大量单词和习语是重要的。但不同的内涵，掌握大量单词和习语是重要的。但语言是活的东西语言是活的东西，做这类题时，做这类题时，应从文中找线索应从文中找线索或信息词，再根据熟悉的词或词义判断新单词之或信息词，再根据熟悉的词或词义判断新单词之意，并根据上下文判断意，并根据上下文判断词汇在特定语境中词汇在特定语境中的确切的确切含义。含义。友情提醒：友情提醒： 做这种类型的题，要根据所在的语境来判断词做这种类型的题，要根据所在的语境来判

12、断词义。命题者在出此类题时义。命题者在出此类题时惯用常规词义惯用常规词义来麻痹考来麻痹考生，在猜测词义时，生，在猜测词义时，切不可脱离语境想当然切不可脱离语境想当然。牛刀小试（牛刀小试（20112011江西中考江西中考）：）：75. What does the phrase apart from in Paragraph 3 mean?A. except B. as for C. as well as D. besides After finding out the place of her birthparents, Ida went to Korea in 2008. When she f

13、irst arrived, she was surprised to see so many people who looked like her. However, apart from her looks, not much could be shared (分享分享) with others. She knew little about the culture, food China has banned free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets, and people have to pay for using plastic bags.

14、The rule started on June 1. It came because our country tried to make litter less. Making super-thin (超薄) plastic bags has also been banned. 3. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph means A. the plastic bag B. the free plastic bag C. The rule D. the super-thin plastic bag题型： 内容指代“ 内容指代题内容

15、指代题”解题技巧解题技巧 内容指代是我们内容指代是我们2012年新增的题型，多考年新增的题型，多考代词指代词指代代，有时也可能是，有时也可能是词组或句子词组或句子。主要考查学生对。主要考查学生对上下文语意连贯上下文语意连贯的理解能力。所以学生首先要对的理解能力。所以学生首先要对就所给就所给词在句中的成分词在句中的成分做出分析，再对的前后句做出分析，再对的前后句或段反复研读，找出具体指代对象。或段反复研读，找出具体指代对象。友情提醒：友情提醒： 做这种类型的题，要根据所选词或句子的具做这种类型的题，要根据所选词或句子的具体语段来判断。命题者在出此类题时体语段来判断。命题者在出此类题时惯用句子中惯

16、用句子中的其他的重要成分词的其他的重要成分词来混淆考生的视线。来混淆考生的视线。切忌抛切忌抛开语篇断章取义。开语篇断章取义。 牛刀小试牛刀小试 Try to stop thinking negative thoughts about yourself. If youre used to looking at your disadvantages,you should write down three things about yourself that make you happy. Think about what youre good at and what you enjoy,and g

17、o for them. What does the underlined word” them” refer to ? A. Your disadvantages. B. Your negative thoughts. C. Three things that make you happy. D. What youre good at and what you enjoy.4. What does the author mainly want to tell us? A. Mountain climbing is dangerous. B. Women can do the same thin

18、gs as men. C. Junko was the greatest climber in the world. D. Junko had a very hard time before she succeeded.尾段尾段 Finally in 1975, the team went to climb the mountain Suddenly a huge amount of snow and ice fell on them. One guide saved Junko. She rushed to help others. Everyone was alive but they h

19、ad injuries, including Junko. However, the team decided to continue their climb. About two weeks later, on May 16, Junko reached the top of Mount Everest. Later she said, I cant understand why men make all this fuss (过于关注过于关注) about Everest - its only a mountain.首段首段 In 1975, Junko Tabei became the

20、first woman to reach the top of Mount Everest in the Himalaya Mountains, the highest mountain in the world at 29,035 feet.题型：主旨归纳题型：主旨归纳 主旨归纳题常见题型为主旨归纳题常见题型为最佳标题最佳标题(title)或或中心思中心思想想(main idea)等。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，等。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的就要十分留意文章的开头开头和和结尾结尾，在多数情况下，在多数情况下，尤其在说明文和议论文中，主题句在文章中的尤其在说明文和议论文中，

21、主题句在文章中的位置位置通常有三种：通常有三种：开头开头、文中文中和和文末文末。“主旨归纳主旨归纳”题解题技巧：题解题技巧：友情提醒：友情提醒：有些干扰选项，从局部看也许不算错，有些干扰选项，从局部看也许不算错，但但从全局看却又片面从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要为局部为局部现象迷惑现象迷惑，而忽略了文章的，而忽略了文章的整体思想整体思想。5. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Sleep More! B. Go

22、 to Sleep! C. Age and Sleep Time D. Famous People and Sleep首段首段 Sleep is very important. A person who does not sleep dies faster than a person who does not eat. We spend about a third (1/3) of our lives in sleep. Thats about 121 days a year!尾段尾段This is not a new problem. Many famous people in histor

23、y had insomnia. Some of these people had special ideas to make them sleep. Benjamin Franklin had four beds. He moved from one to the other to fall asleep. Mark Twain had a different way. He lay on his side across the end of the bed!牛刀小试：牛刀小试：Competition1 2 3 41001 2 3 41 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 200300400If yo

24、u know how much the is for your letter, you can buy stamps at any window. In some post offices, you can buy stamps from machines. Stamps are sold at many different prices, from one cent to many dollars.1. What does “ ” mean in this passage?A. 邮票邮票 B.邮戳邮戳 C.邮筒邮筒 D.邮资邮资 词义猜测词义猜测Did you ever hear someo

25、ne speak of ? A cat nap is a short sleep. People take it when there is a lot to do and there isnt enough time for a full-length sleep.2.What does the underline words “” in the paragraph mean?A.A.休息休息 B.B.小睡小睡 C.C.睡觉睡觉 D.D.做梦做梦词义猜测词义猜测About one in three Americans has a problem with sleep. Many of the

26、se people cannot fall asleep. The name of this problem is insomnia. Some people say, I didnt sleep all night. But thats not really true. They may sleep lightly and wake up several times. In the morning, they only remember the times they were awake (醒着醒着), so they think they were awake all night. 3.W

27、hat does “insomnia” mean in this passage? A. No sleep. B. Bad sleep. C. Slow sleep. D.Sleep with many dreams.词义猜测词义猜测It is not only drivers who cause accidents, however. People on foot, and bicycle riders often cause accidents, too. Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking. You

28、 should always look on both sides before stepping into the street.4.The word “pedestrians” in the paragraph means_ in Chinese. A.行人行人 B.徒步徒步 C.徒步竞走徒步竞走 D.常散步的人常散步的人词义猜测词义猜测 判断推理判断推理The note on the napkin read :Dear miss, I respect(尊尊重重)you very much and I can see you respect yourself,too.It shows by

29、 the way you treat others.You have found the secret of happiness.Your kindness will shine through to all those who meet you.1.According to the passage， what is the secret of happiness? A.Laugh. B.Friendly. C.Service. D.Kindness. Junko was born in 1939 and grew up in a small town in Japan. During her

30、 childhood, she was thin and weak. At age 10, Junko went on a school trip. The students climbed two mountains, and Junko loved it. She could climb in her own time and ability. 2.When Junko was 10, she _. A. didnt like sports or games B. often went on school trips C. realized that she loved to climb

31、D. climbed mountains by herself判断推理判断推理 Of course ,we cant simple say whether these ideas about experimenting on animals are right or wrong.At present,we have no choice but to do so.But we should notice one important thing:Animals are our friends and ancestors on the earth. So what should we do when

32、 we face a homeless dog or a cat next time? Love them and try not to hurt them. 3.Which is the writers attitude towards animal testing? A.Were not supposed to have animal testing. B.Were sure to have animal testing. C.It doest matter whether we should have animal testing or not. D.We should love the

33、m and try not to hurt them while we have animal testing.判断推理判断推理When he was only 17 yeas old,Chaplin got his first real job as an actor. What he did was to do silly things to make people laugh in the theatre. Seven years later he went to the USA.4.From the passage,we can know that _.A. Chaplin went

34、to the USA when he was 24 years oldB. Chaplin became famous when he was 24 years old C. People liked Chaplin because he was a homeless gentleman D. Chaplin did many silly things to make people laugh in the street判断推理判断推理Titanic 3D Saturday and Sunday. Zig Zag Cinema. $20( half for children under 12)

35、. Call 555-9767 for more information.细节理解细节理解1. If Mrs. White wants to see Titanic 3D with her 10-year-old daughter, she will pay_dollers. A.10 B. 20 C. 30 D.32 2. We can go to visit the Body Image Exhibition _. A. at 4:30 p.m. B. at night C. for free D. at 325 Nanjing Road W 细节理解细节理解 The Body Image

36、 Exhibition is on! Address: 325 Nanjing Road W Transport: Subway line 1, 2 and 8 Opening hours:9 a.m-5 p.m.(No entering after 4p.m.) Admission (入场费入场费): 20 yuan For more information call: 021-6327-2829 If you want to travel abroad,will you consider visiting Australia?Australia is a popular country a

37、mong tourists all over the world.As we know,Australia is abig country,but you may know how easy it is to get around.The following are some different ways you can travel around the great country.3.What does the author think of Australia? A.Big but easy to get around. B.Small and easy to get around. C

38、.Big and difficult to get around. D.Small but difficult to get around.细节理解细节理解 Then,Lin was picked up by the Houston Rockets,but again he wasreleased so the team could sign(签约）签约） another better player. Finally,he was signed by the New York Knicks on December 27,2011 after one of their players got i

39、njured.And the rest is Lin-story.4.Why did the New York Knicks sign Lin? A.Because Lin had much experience in the NBA. B.Because Lin was very hot in the NBA at that time. C.Because Lin graduated from Harvard University. D.Because they needed a new player instead of an injured one.细节理解细节理解首段首段 Two mo

40、nths ago, I went to Australia for a meeting with my workmate, Chris. We decided to drive across country to Brisbane after the meeting ended. The drive was going to take four days and most of it was acrossthe desert (沙漠沙漠).尾段尾段 I started laughing but Chris looked very serious. He said his wallet was

41、in the jacket. I started laughing even harder. I stopped laughing, however, when he said that our car keys were also in the jacket! 1.Which would be the best title for this passage?A.An unusual experience B.My Australian meeting.C. On the way to Australia. D. A clever kangaroo.主旨归纳主旨归纳首段首段：The purpo

42、se of students who come to school is to study.But studying needs right ways,or we would waste the time or the money.The followings are ways for studying.尾段尾段：Thought there are many ways for studying,however,the above mentioned will be helpful if we keep them in heart.2.What is the best title of this

43、 passage?A.Right Ways of Studying B.Dont Waste TimeC.Be Patient D.Learn to Ask Why主旨归纳主旨归纳首段首段：There are many ways to find a job. It can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood store to look at its announcement board.Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs telling what kind

44、of service they need or can provide. 尾段尾段：Some experts also help people find jobs. Susan W.Miller owns a company called California Career Services in Los Angeles.She says her company helps people find jobs by. Then she provides them with methodss and resources to help them find the right job.3.What

45、is the passage mainly about?A.Finding a job. B.College students part-time jobs.C.Craigslist Web site. D.The relation between study and work.主旨归纳主旨归纳首段首段：Animals are our friends.Do you have a pet animal?A lovely rabit,a cute hamster（仓鼠），（仓鼠），some colorful fish，a strange-looking turle or a snake.What

46、kind of pets would you like?Lots of kids love animals and dream of having a pet.尾段尾段：Taking care of a class pet is not only fun,but also helpful for us.It makes us know more about animals and love them more. 4. What does the passage mainly talk about? A.How to protect animals . B.Taking good care of

47、 a class pet. C.How to feed animals . D.Animals life.主旨归纳主旨归纳初中英语阅读理解初中英语阅读理解细节理解：细节理解：先找出题干或是选项中的关键字，再通过快速阅先找出题干或是选项中的关键字，再通过快速阅 读确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源）。读确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源）。 词义猜测：词义猜测：应从文中找线索或信息词，再根据熟悉的词或词应从文中找线索或信息词，再根据熟悉的词或词义判断新单词之意，并根据上下文判断义判断新单词之意，并根据上下文判断词汇在特定语境中词汇在特定语境中的确切含的确切含义。义。判断推理：判断推理：在理解原文表面文字

48、信息的基础上，做出一定判在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判 断和推论，从而断和推论，从而得到得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。文章的隐含意义和深层意义。主旨归纳：主旨归纳：准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾，在多数情况下，尤其在说明文和议论文中，主题句的开头和结尾，在多数情况下，尤其在说明文和议论文中，主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种：开头、文中和文末。在文章中的位置通常有三种：开头、文中和文末。内容指代：内容指代：首先要对就所给词在句中的成分做出分析，再对首先要对就所给词在句中的成分做出分析，再对的前后句或段反复研读，找出具体指代对象。的前后句或段反复研读，找出具体指代对象。 1. Go over what we learned today. 2. Finish additional exercises.Enjoy English, Enjoy life!Thank you for listening!