中考英语总复习-动词的时态和语态课件.ppt

1、目录页CONTENTS PAGE第一部分考点梳理 第二部分词语辨析 目录目录页CONTENTS PAGE第一部分考点梳理考点一常考的各种时态的用法及构成时态用法构成时间状语例句一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作。表动作： .第三人称单数主语动词第三人称单数； .其他人称动词原形sometimes, often, usually, always, never, in the morning/afternoon/evening, every day, on Sunday(s)等He leaves home for school at 7 every morning.他每天早上7点离开家去学校。表示

2、经常性或习惯性的状态(表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等)；表示客观真理。表状态：主语am/is/are表语1.I am a little hungry and tired. 我又饿又累。2Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部。考点一常考的各种时态的用法及构成时态用法构成时间状语例句一般过去时表示过去曾经发生的动作。表动作： 主语动词的过去式yesterday, last night (Monday, week, month, year), in 2010, three months ago, just now等When I was a child,

3、 I often played football in the street.当我还是个孩子时，我经常在街上踢足球。表示过去曾经存在的状态。表状态：主语was/were表语What were you busy with yesterday? 你昨天忙什么了？考点一常考的各种时态的用法及构成时态用法构成时间状语例句一般将来时表示将来发生的动作。I. shall/will动词原形；II. be going to动词原形tomorrow, next year, in two years, from now on, in the future等They are going to have a spor

4、ts meeting in a week.他们一周后要举行一场运动会。表示将来发生存在的状态。I. shall/willbe表语；II. be going tobe表语Will you be at home at 7 this evening？今晚7点你会在家吗？考点一常考的各种时态的用法及构成时态用法构成时间状语例句现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。is/am/are动词的现在分词(v.ing)now, at the moment, at present, these days等We are having an English class now.我们现在正在上英语课。过去进

5、行时表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。was/were动词的现在分词(v.ing)at this time yesterday, at 9 last night及when引导的从句等They were watching TV at 7 last night.昨晚7点他们正在看电视。考点一常考的各种时态的用法及构成时态用法构成时间状语例句现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果；表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。I.表动作have/has动词的过去分词II.表状态 have/has been表语already, just, yet, e

6、ver, never, before, for时间段， since时间点/一般过去时的从句， ever since, so far, in the past/lastyears等1.I havent received his letter for almost a month.将近一个月了我都没有收到过他的信。2He has been away from England since 2005.自从2005年以来，他已离开了英国。考点一常考的各种时态的用法及构成 注意：come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词可用现在进行时表示即将发生的或计划好的事情。如： Im lea

7、ving tomorrow.我明天动身。 ()1. Dont disturb Allen now. He _for the Spelling Bee Competition. Aprepares Bprepared C. is preparing Dwill prepare考点链接C 解析：C考查时态。由now, 可以判断用现在进行时。 所以答案选C。 ()2. I didnt see you at the beginning of the party last night. I _ on my biology report at that time. Aworked Bwork Cwas w

8、orking Dam working考点链接C 解析：C考查时态。at the time在那个时候，由此可见是过去那个点正在做某事。 () 3 .Todays young people cant live without smart phones. They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go, even while they _meals. Ahad Bwill have Care having Dwere having考点链接C 解析：C此题考查 while引导的从句常用现在进行时。根据题意，当他们正在吃饭的时候。 () 4 .

9、Your shoes are so old. Why dont you buy a new pair? Because I _ all my money on an MP5. Aspend Bhave spent Cam spending Dwas spending考点链接B 解析 ：B根据句子的意思，我把所有的钱都花在买MP5上了，强调影响，用现在完成时。 ()5 . Alan, its late.Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her. Awaited Bhave waited Cam waiting Dwas wa

10、iting考点链接C 解析：C由题意可知是“正在等她”，且由“its late”可知表示现在，故用现在进行时。 () 6 . Shush, be quiet! The baby _ in the next room. OK, sorry. Asleeps Bslept Cis sleeping Dsleep考点链接C 解析：C由题意可知是“宝宝正在睡觉”，故用现在进行时。 1一般情况直接加s。如： stopstopslooklooksreadreads 2以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词加es。如： missmissesfixfixeswatchwatches washwashesd

11、odoes 3辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加es。如： hurryhurriescrycriescarrycarries 4be 动词的三种形式：am, is, are 5特殊：havehas考点二动词的第三人称单数1规则动词： (1)一般情况直接加ed。如： rainrainedcleancleanedwatchwatched (2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加d。如： livelivedlikelikedmovemoved (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加ed。如： dropdroppedstopstoppedplanplanned (4)以辅音字母加

12、y结尾的动词，应变y为i再加ed。如： carrycarriedstudystudiedcrycried2不规则动词：不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律性不强，只能分别记忆。考点三动词的过去式和过去分词1一般情况在词尾加ing。如： listenlisteningdodoingstudystudying2以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing。如： havehavingmakemaking3以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加ing。如： runrunninggetgettingbeginbeginning4以字母ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加ing。如： diedyin

13、glielying考点四动词的现在分词1短暂性动词和延续性动词 短暂性动词可用于完成时态，但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，也不能用于how long引导的特殊疑问句中。如需使用，此时要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。如：考点五现在完成时中的一些重要用法短暂性动词延续性动词例句leavebe awayHe has been away from his university for 24 years.buyhaveMy daughter has had that phone since two weeks ago.borrowkeepWe have kept the books for thre

14、e days.考点五现在完成时中的一些重要用法短暂性动词延续性动词例句becomebeEvan and I have been friends since we were children.diebe deadMy pet cat has been dead for 3 days.begin/startbe onThe film has been on for 10 minutes.end/finishbe overThe meeting has been over for half an hour.考点五现在完成时中的一些重要用法短暂性动词延续性动词例句openbe openThis sho

15、p has been open for several months.closebe closedThat factory has been closed since last week.joinbe a member/inHe has been in the club for a year.go/come/reach/get/arrivebe in here/thereThey have been here since a year ago.考点五现在完成时中的一些重要用法短暂性动词延续性动词例句fall ill/asleepbe ill/asleepThe old man has been

16、 ill for a week.get marriedbe marriedMy parents have been married since 16 years ago.catch a coldhave a coldI have had a cold for a few days.() 1 . Lei Feng _ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. Adied Bhas died C. was dead Dhas been dead 考点链接D 解析：D考查现在完成时。由for many years 得知用现在完成时

17、。因为die是瞬间动词，用于现在完成时的时候需要用be dead。() 2 . What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson? Pretty good. I think he _ a great job so far. Adoes Bdid Chas done Dwas done考点链接C 解析：C本题考查动词时态，我认为目前他已经做得很好了。so far表示到目前为止，用完成时。 () 3 . Our English teacher is very nice. We _ friends since three years ago.

18、Awere Bbecame Chave been Dhave made考点链接C 解析：C由since three years ago可以判断该句用现在完成时。make friends交朋友，make是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用。故用be friends。 ()4 . Do you know her well? Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago. Awere Bhave made Chave been Dhave become考点链接C 解析：C根据后面的since ten years ago可知用现在完成时，且make和become均为短暂性动词

19、，不能与一段时间连用，故用have been。2. 几组词的区别Ihave/has gone to, have/has been to和have/has been in的区别考点五现在完成时中的一些重要用法have been to强调“去过某地”，人已经回来了。和ever，never，before等连用 Have you been to our town before？你以前曾经去过我们镇吗？have gone to强调“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人还未回来。 Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青岛了吗？have been in强调“一直待在某地”，常与一段时间连用。常和“fo

20、r一段时间”或“since时间点”或how long连用He has been here since 1989.他自从1989年就在这儿了。II.already，yet考点五现在完成时中的一些重要用法already已经，用于肯定句，放句中。I have already read the book.yet用于否定句，是“还，仍然”；用于疑问句，是“已经”，放句尾。I havent read the book yet.Have you finished your homework yet？III. for，since考点五现在完成时中的一些重要用法forfor一段时间I have worked h

21、ere for a year. sincesince过去某一时间点/一般过去时I have worked here since 2009.I have worked here since I came here last year.It is/has been一段时间since 句子(一般过去时)Its a year since I worked here. ()Sam_ Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese now. Alearns Blearned Chas learned Dwill learn考点链接C 解析：C根

22、据后面的since可知用现在完成时。3现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 (1)现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关；一般过去时仅强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作，与现在无关。如： He has studied English for five years. 他学英语五年了。(说明他现在还在学) He studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。 (只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在学不学就不知道了)考点五现在完成时中的一些重要用法 ()Our math teacher _ in our school for 20 years and he _

23、 here when he was 23 years old. Ahas taught; has come Btaught; comes Ctaught; came Dhas taught; came考点链接D 解析：D我们数学老师在我们学校教书20年了，当他23岁的时候他就来到这里了。由for 20 years可知，动作从20年前持续到现在，故要用现在完成时；由时间状语从句“when he was 23 years old”可知，动作发生在23岁时，故要用一般过去时。选D。英语动词有两种语态主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。She cleans the room every day.被动语态：主

24、语是动作的承受者。The room is cleaned every day.考点六被动语态的构成四种必考的语态构成例句一般现在时的被动语态主am/is/are动词过去分词Trees are planted every spring.一般过去时的被动语态主was/were动词过去分词She was invited to the party.一般将来时的被动语态主will/be going to be动词过去分词Some pictures will be shown next week.情态动词的被动语态主can/may/must/should be动词过去分词The book can be k

25、ept for a week.() 1 . Have you heard of the song Little Apple? Yes. It _ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. Ais played Bplays C. was played D played考点链接A 解析：A考查被动语态。 小苹果被楼下的老人们作为广场舞的歌曲。由every morning 可知用一般现在时的被动语态，所以选A。 ()2 . Although Flight MH370 has been missing for month

26、s, I do believe it _ some day in the future. Awill find Bwont find Cwill be found Dwont be found考点链接C 解析：C考查被动语态，根据句意，尽管MH370航班已经失踪数月，但是我仍相信在不久的将来会被找到。 () 3 . The 16th Asian Games _ in Guangzhou in November, 2010. Aholds Bwill hold Cwas held Dwill be held考点链接C 解析：C由时间状语“in November, 2010”可知要用一般过去时，且

27、Asian Games是hold这一动作的承担者，故用一般将来时的被动语态。选C。1双宾语的被动语态。 . 跟双宾语的及物动词变成被动语态时，将间接宾语(指物)或直接宾语变(指人)为主语。如： They gave the children many good books. The children were given many good books. Many good books were given to the children. 考点七被动语态要注意的事项1双宾语的被动语态。 . 及物动词give，send, take, bring, teach, show, tell, pass等

28、，常常带有两个宾语，变为被动语态时可以将其中一个宾语改为主语，另一个保留不动。当直接宾语作主语时，在间接宾语前面加上介词to。如： They gave the visitors a warm welcome. The visitors were given a warm welcome. A warm welcome was given to the visitors. 考点七被动语态要注意的事项1双宾语的被动语态。 . 及物动词buy, make, find, get, draw等， 在被动语态中被保留的间接宾语前通常加for，此时for不可以省略。如： Mother bought me a

29、 computer. A computer was bought for me. 2感官动词 see, watch, hear, notice, feel和使役动词 make, let, have的主动句变为被动句，在主动语态中是不带to的不定式作宾补，在变为被动语态时要加上to。如： We often hear him sing in the next room. He is often heard to sing in the next room. 考点七被动语态要注意的事项3短语动词在被动语态中不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。如： My son is looked after by his g

30、randma. 4不及物动词不能用于被动语态。常见词有：happen, take place，break out, come out等。如： The story happened on a cold night. The food tasted delicious.考点七被动语态要注意的事项5表示客观的说明常用“It is过去分词that从句”句型。这类句型有： It is said that据说 It is known to all that众所周知 It is reported that据报道 It is believed that大家相信6文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。如

31、： Teachers Wanted.招聘老师。(省略are) Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略is)考点七被动语态要注意的事项 1be covered by/be covered with 覆盖 Be careful. The desk is covered with water. 2be worn out 穿坏，用旧 His shoes are worn out. He needs a new pair. 3be sold out卖完 These houses were sold out last year.考点八常用于被动语态的词组考点八常用于被动语态的词组be used for

32、 doing sth.被用来做某事Pens are used for writing.be used to do sth.被用来做某事Pens are used to write.be used as被当作用English is used as a second language in many countries.be used by被某人使用This car is used by his father.be/get used to doing习惯于做某事My English teacher is used to living in Zhongshan.used to do过去常常Tom u

33、sed to be short, but now he is tall.4. 考点八常用于被动语态的词组be made of由制造(看得见原料)The desk is made of wood.be made from由制造(看不见原料)The book is made from wood.be made in地点在制造The desk is made in Zhuhai.be made by sb.被某人制造The desk is made by my sister.5. 考点八常用于被动语态的词组be filled with被装满The bottle is filled with milk

34、.be full of充满The bottle is full of milk.注意：be filled和with搭配；be full和 of搭配6. 1系动词look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become等的主动结构表示被动意义(系动词无被动式)。如： The idea sounds great.这主意听起来不错。 The flowers look beautiful.这些花看起来很漂亮。2动词不定式作定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如： I have a lot of homework to do every day.我每天都有很多作业要做。 She has a letter to write.她有一封信要写。3need doing (need to be done)用主动形式表示被动意义。如： This room needs cleaning.This room needs to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫了。考点九主动语态表示被动意义