Unit 6 Disaster and hope 知识点总结（一）-（2019）新外研版高中英语必修第三册.docx

1、Unit6 Disaster and hope知识点总结（一）1. 在这儿呢，还得补充unit5的一点知识。课文59页还有这么一些表达，康康！one-day tour to+地点，表示去某地方的一日游。available, 形容词，表示“有效的，可利用的”，原文海报中的表达available every day from 1 June to 31 July, 表示该旅游项目6月1日至7月1日期间有效。undersea adventure 表示“海下冒险”；discover a hidden England, 即“探索一个隐藏的英格兰”，hidden 形容词，表示“隐藏的”。2. Come an

2、d explore the magical waters around the Farne Islands. With both shallow and deep-water dive sites, theres something for divers of all skill levels, from shipwrecks waiting for you to discover their secrets to the islands lovely baby seals! (P57)该句子中的第一句为祈使句，祈使句往往表示指令，鼓励或邀请等，以动词原形开头。如：Tom, come in a

3、nd have a seat!explore 探索，逛，为及物动词。the magical waters 中的waters之所以为复数，是专指江河湖海的水。当谈到这些水域时，我们就用waters. shallow表示“浅层的，浅的”。divers of all skill levels, 表示“各种水平的潜水者”，shipwreck表示“船的遗骸”，baby seals 幼小的海豹，海豹仔。3. wreck diving 沉船潜水，一种体育或娱乐运动4. Let our instructors take you to visit the 6,810-ton steamer Somali, wh

4、ich sank in 1941 during the Second World War. The ship rests upright on the sea bed, about 30 metres below the waves. She almost looks as though she is about to set sail once again! (P59)分析：instructor, 名词，表示“教练，指导者，讲师”；steamer, 名词，意为“轮船，蒸汽机，蒸汽机船”；sank为sink的过去式，sink 意为“下沉，沉没”，除此之外，sink还可以表示“倒下，坐下”“（心

5、情）沮丧；（情绪）低落”，是个重点单词。学习几个例子，猜测sink在不同句子中的含义：The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.The wheels started to sink into the mud.Hearing the news, he sank into an armchair.My heart sank because I thought he was going to leave immediately.The foundation of the building are starting to sink due to the heavy

6、rain.Her voice sank to a whisper.to sink a well/a mine 挖一口井/矿井下一个：rest upright on垂直停留在上look as though= look as if看起来好像/仿佛set sail 启航，扬帆，张帆be about to do something 即将，马上就要做某事5. scenic diving 观光沉潜； scenic形容词，源自scene, 风景。6. Swim with Farnes most lovely residents: the thousands of grey seals that live o

7、n the island all year. Although the 300 kg adult males can look a bit scarydont worry, theyre harmless!the young seals will delight you with their curiosity, as they follow you among the seaweed forests and schools of unusual fish. (P59)分析：residents这里是指英格兰法儿恩（Farne）所居住的海豹，不是指人哟！其后的冒号起的是解释说明的作用，所以要根据

8、语境来推测作者的意思。look a bit scary,看起来有点害怕。delight sb with sth, 用使某人感到愉悦，快乐，此处的delight是动词。curiosity, 名词，为好奇心，好奇之意。满足某人的好奇心，meet/satisfy ones curiosity。出于好奇心 out of ones curiosity, 激发某人的好奇心 arouse ones curiosity如：The letter wasnt addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity.His answer did not satisfy my

9、 curiosity at all.She gave in to curiosity and opened my bag without my permission.以下正式进入第六模块知识，咳咳！7. How did you react to the disaster?react 动词，“起反应，（对）做出反应；回应”，常用的结构有react to sth. by doing something如：Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.The market reacted by falling a further two point

10、s.还可以表示 “（对食物等）有不良反应，过敏”如：People can react badly to certain food additives (食品添加剂)也表示“起化学反应；发生化学变化”如：Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁与水及空气反应产生铁锈。其名词形式为reaction, 形容词reactive,“有反应的；回应的，能起化学反应的”8. What do you think the main characters do in the face of these disasters? (P61)句子中的do you

11、think是插入语，通常放在特殊疑问词之后，其后的句子应用陈述语序，in the face of面对; 如：What do you think you are doing?Who do you think started the fire?How do you think the Chinese government would respond to that kind of event?in the face of 的例子也学习几个：She showed great courage in the face of danger.They showed great perseverance in

12、 the face of difficulty.The writer advises students to be brave in the face of pains.We have some experience with making tough decisions in the face of financial and economic instability (金融和经济不稳定)9. natural disasters 自然灾害10. extreme temperatures 极端气温11. Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube stati

13、on, I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot!”. (P62)picking up是现在分词短语做状语，表示伴随，pick up动作的发出者为句子的主语，故用现在分词形式。现在分词做状语的用法，在英语中非常常见。如：Seeing a bus approaching, he rushed to the station.The old man sat in an armchair, looking out of the window.下面看看pick up的用法，意思比较多，根据一下句意判断其具体含义：The phone rang and I picked it up.Sh

14、e went to the crying child and picked her up.At four oclock, Ive got to pick up my daughter from school.Buses pick up and drop off people at different places on the route.She picked up Japanese when she was in Japan.I never thought we were able to pick up the BBC World Service at such a distant vill

15、age.The train picked up speed. The wind had picked up and dark clouds rolled across the sky.No wonder your brother picked up Russians so quickly-he has lived there for years.另外补充一个短语，pick out表示“选出，拣出；区别出，辨别出”，如：See if you can pick me out in the photo.His short story was picked out as the best by the

16、 judges.the Tube station 地铁站12. It is just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest. (P62)typical形容词，意为“典型的，有代表性的，一贯的”，常用结构有：It is typical that+从句；Sth. be typical of sb./sth. 举例如下：This meal is typical of local cookery. 这是当地风味的饭菜。The weather at the moment i

17、s not typical for July.It was typical of her to forget things.Its the typical English weather-one minute its raining and the next minute the sun is shining.高考试题中的typical 典例有：Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people. 【2020江苏阅读理解】I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fe

18、wer pictures and longer chapters. 【2020浙江阅读理解】A typical lion tamer（驯兽师） in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭子) and a chair.【2014新课标全国卷】写作高分表达-描写人物be typical of sb./sth. She is typical of the kind of girls who like smiling and are always optimistic.typical的副词形式为typically。13. Sure enough

19、, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano thats erupting. (P62)作者用is like进行一个类比，沿着台阶走进地铁，来到月台上就像是跳进了一个正在迸发的火山里。The writer wants to show us it is burning hot when she goes down the stairs and walks onto the platform. sure enough 表示“果然，果真，果不出所料”，起强调的作用。如：I said hed f

20、orget, and sure enough he did. 我说他会忘记，果然他就忘了。Sure enough, this light was bent by the mass of the sun, confirming Einsteins theory.果然，光因太阳的质量而出现弯曲，这证实了爱因斯坦的理论。be like像一样，like表示“像一样”时，为介词。如：Going into the hotel is like stepping back in time. 走进这家旅馆就像是回到了过去。Searching for one man in this city is like lo

21、oking for a needle in a haystack(干草堆) 在这个城市里找个人就像大海捞针般难。College life is like a salad. Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.14. This, however, is nothing compared to the train. (P62)这句话中的结构：(A) be nothing compared to B. 表示“A与B相比根本算不了什么”，这种比较也可以用到写作表达中。如：He says

22、 the pain was nothing compared to what he felt in his heart.Now he thinks his old happiness was nothing compared to his present joy.All the facts and arguments in the world were nothing compared to the simple fact that people will generally do what they believe is expected of them. 人们通常做他们认为被期望所做的事情

23、，世上所有的事实和争论与这一朴素的事实相比根本微不足道。15. Its lovely at the beach, but not so when youre wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers! Im sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one! (P62)句中的not so表示not lovely, so为替代词，指代刚才的说法。wear a suit穿着西装；a crowd of passengers 一群乘客。melt, 动词，熔化。句中用现在进行时，

24、表示强调此时的状态或动作。16. I had bacon and eggs for breakfast, and now Im feeling sick-I hope I can make it to Bank stationIll avoid the feeling by thinking about work. (P62)have sth for breakfast/lunch/supper 吃当早餐/午餐/晚餐；feel sick表示“感觉恶心，想吐”；make it 成功做某事，make it to+地点，意为“成功到达某地”，avoid避免，后接名词，接动词时则需要说avoid do

25、ing something, 后接动词的现在分词形式。17. One very hot summer, the sun reflected off it and melted cars parked below! Will this happen again today? (P63)reflect off it指的是the sun reflected its sunlight off the glass building. parked below是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰cars，相当于cars which were parked below the building.18. scare

26、d 和scary的区别，scared，“感到害怕”，往往是人做主语；scary “令人害怕的”，表示某物恐怖，物做主语。试着填空：1) Each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last, I suddenly feel a bit _.2) Although the 300kg adult male grey seals can look a bit _-dont worry, theyre harmless!3) Day after day, youll have new experiences which can be

27、_, but it can also be fun.4) Seeing blood in a horror movie might make you cover your eyes, but real blood isnt _ at all.5) She is _ of going out alone.6) A group of moving elephants make people _, although they are harmless.7) I got _ at first, but then I tried to calm down.答案：1. scared; 2. scary;

28、3.scary; 4. scary; 5. scared; 6. scared; 7. scared19. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! Ill join a beginners swimming class immediately. Then Ill be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded. (P63)most importantly 最重要的是。 通常放在句首，当叙述或陈列了三个或以上的观点或事实后，进行强调。如:Laugh loudly, la

29、ugh often, and most importantly, laugh at yourself.要放声笑，经常笑，最重要的是为自己而欢笑。Most importantly, experts say people should choose physical activities that they find fun.a beginners swimming class 初学者游泳班，注意所有格的表达，beginners, 不是beginners. 如：beginners books; beginners mistakes, beginners class, beginners guide

30、下一锅：survive, 此处表示“生存，存活”， 还有“艰难度过，熬过”“比活（或存在）的时间长”，如：I cant survive on 40 a week (= it is not enough for my basic needs).Many birds didnt survive the severe winter.No one survived the crash.After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test

31、 alone. 经过无数次的面试和自我介绍， 我终于成功地从所有应聘者中脱颖而出，一个人从测试中挺过来。20. Looking through my newspaper, Im shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. Whats more, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides, and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires. Experts say t

32、his bad weather has occurred due to climate change. (P63)再读一读这句话，没什么可讲的。哦，注意一下occur这个词，表示“发生，出现”，如：We are products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.What exactly did the incident occur?另外，accur to sb. 表示“被想到，出现在头脑中”如：The idea occurred to him in a dream.其后也可以接从句

33、或不定式短语，构成句型 it occurs to sb that./to do sth. 其实，that从句是主语从句，it 为形式主语。如：It didnt occur to him that he could be chosen to fill the position of manager.It suddenly occurs to me that I forgot to do my homework.It didnt occur to me to phone his parents.due to 因为，由于，后接名词或名词短语，交代原因。21. “The next station is

34、 Bank!” comes the announcement. Thats my destination. (P63)这句话是个倒装句，其实“The next station is Bank!”是the announcement 的内容，规范的讲法为 the announcement “The next station is Bank!”comes. 但是地道的表达往往将其倒装，按意义表达的需要走。destination, 目的地，终点。22. Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart, I suddenly feel a fresh win

35、d on my face. step out of 走出, 此处用现在分词形式表示伴随，用法先前讲过，此处不赘述。heavy表示“沉重的”，feel heavy, 感到心情沉重。feel a fresh wind on my face,相当于作者feel refreshed.23. after all 毕竟，终究，别忘了。举几个栗子：After all, 15 minutes of exercise is better than nothing.Dont be angry with him-after all, he is a child.He should have paid for it. He suggested it, after all. 他本应该付款，反正他自己也这么提出过。24.25.26.第9页 第六模块知识点小结