英语专四写作讲述课件.ppt

1、TEM-4 Writinga)作文要求根据所给的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲) 写一篇200词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为35分钟。 b)便条要求根据提示写大约5060词的便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为10分钟。NOTE-WRITING根据所给提示，根据所给提示，10分钟内，写一篇分钟内，写一篇50-60字的便条、通知、请贴等。要求格式正字的便条、通知、请贴等。要求格式正确、语言得体。比重：确、语言得体。比重：10%。应用文写作应用文写作 年年

2、 份份 体体 裁裁 2004 安慰安慰 2005 邀请邀请 2006 询问询问 2007 婉拒婉拒 2008 建议建议 2009 建议建议 2010 建议建议 2011 邀请邀请 2012 感谢感谢 2013 道歉道歉一、格式要求一、格式要求1、日期（、日期（1分）分）-右上角右上角 January 25th, 2009 / Jan. 25th, 2009 / 25th, January 20092、称呼（、称呼（1分分 ）-日期下一行左侧日期下一行左侧 Dear John, / John,3、结尾（、结尾（1分）分）- 正文下句空一到二行右侧正文下句空一到二行右侧 Yours sincere

3、ly, / Yours, / Sincerely yours, Tom二、内容与语言二、内容与语言1、情况描述、情况描述2、应用文内容的表达、应用文内容的表达3、语言表达得体、语言表达得体4、语言表达无错误、语言表达无错误 （语法和拼写错误扣（语法和拼写错误扣0.5到到1.5分，拼写错误超过三个扣分，拼写错误超过三个扣1分）分）5、字数不到、字数不到40或超过或超过80扣扣1分分 Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have got two tic

4、kets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra. Write a note to your friend, Hilda/Mike, describing briefly what it is and inviting her/him to come with you. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.2Mike: Shall we go to the concert by S.H.E this weekend?

5、It is said their performance is very good and many of our classmates will go. Its a pity we dont go. So lets go. Ill meet you at the school gate. Mary 4.24 5 May, 25, 2005Dear Mike, Therell be a concert in Da Hua Theater at 10 a.m. tomorrow morning by Dick Rock band. Its very hard to get one ticket,

6、 but I happen to get two. How lucky am I. I will be very happy if you can go with me. We can have dinner together after the concert. Your John9 Jan. 25, 2008Dear Mike, The National Orchestra will come to Taiyuan, and give a wonderful performance at Taiyuan Sports Center at 4 p.m. on the coming Febru

7、ary 1st. Famous musicians like Sheng Zhongguo, and Hong Yun are reported to attend the concert. Im lucky to get two tickets and Id like to invite you to go. Thats a rare chance we cant miss. Yours, Mary三、应用文类型三、应用文类型1、祝贺类、祝贺类 2、告示、通知类、告示、通知类3、安慰类、安慰类 4、道歉类、道歉类5、邀请类、邀请类 6、婉拒类、婉拒类7、建议类、建议类 8、询问类、询问类9、

8、感谢类、感谢类 10、抱怨类、抱怨类 DateDear _ , I have learned with delight that you _. I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on _. I know this is surely owing to _. It is a reward you really deserve for your _. My best wishes for your further success. Sincerely yours, Signature 1、祝贺类、祝贺类n祝贺类便条一般包

9、括以下几个要点：首先，复述值得祝贺的事情以及自己听到喜讯的心情；其次，对值得祝贺的事做积极的评价；最后，表示自己衷心的祝福。n常用表达法：nIm delighted to hear the news thatnIve received the exciting news of yournPlease accept my heartiest congratulations onnIt is a well-deserved recognition of your hard work.nIt is an award that you really deserve.nIm fortunate in h

10、aving you among my friends and Im so proud of you and happy for you.nI wish you further success in the future.2、告示、通知类、告示、通知类 DateDear _ , Im very happy to announce you that _. _. Those who are interested please go to _. If you need any further information, please dont hesitate to call me up. My tel

11、ephone number is _. Sincerely yours, Signature 3、安慰类、安慰类 DateDear _ , Ive just learned from _ that _. Im very sorry to hear this news. Right now what concerns me most is _. I just want you not to be so depressed and not to lose heart. Hope you will recover soon. I will see you as soon as I can. Sinc

12、erely yours, Signature 4、道歉类、道歉类 DateDear _ , I am excessively sorry to tell you that _. Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude. I hope you will understand me and excuse me for _. 描述具体原因。描述具体原因。 Naturally, I want to suggests _. I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when an

13、d where you _. Again, please accept my apology for the inconvenience I have caused. Sincerely yours, Signature n道歉便条：一般先向对方道歉，承认自己的错误，而后解释原因，最后提出弥补或补救的具体措施。n常用表达法：nI sincerely apologize fornI must apologize for (not) doingnPlease accept my sincere apologies fornPlease excuse me for my carelessness.n

14、I feel awful aboutnIm terribly/very sorry.nSorry about.5、邀请类、邀请类 DateDear _ , _. It would be pleasant to have you here. Will you give me the pleasure of your company? I know that you will be very interested in _. The _ will begin at _. Is it possible for us to meet at _? We do hope you can come. Sin

15、cerely yours, Signature n邀请便条：首先要简要交代邀请对方做什么；而后再对要做的事情做进一步的说明，或者解释邀请的原因；最后诚恳地希望对方能够接受邀请。n常用表达法：nWe wonder if youd like to come.nWe would like to invite you tonWed really like you tonCan you come.for the weekend?nWould you like to join me?6、婉拒类、婉拒类 DateDear _ , Thank you very much for _. However, I h

16、ave decided not to _. Two reasons contribute to my declining _. On one hand, _. On the other hand, _. In view of these, I regret _. Im quite grateful for _. I do wish that _. Sincerely yours, Signature 7、建议类、建议类 DateDear _ , I have learned that _. Its my suggestion that _. On one hand, _. On the oth

17、er hand, _. Please inform me _. I wish _. Sincerely yours, Signature n建议便条：首先交代事情的起因，而后根据便条的具体要求提出相应的建议。n常用表达法：nId like to suggest thatnMay I suggest thatnCould you pleasenPerhaps we could8、询问类、询问类 DateDear _ , I have learned from that _. Im very interested in _, but have little idea about some spec

18、ific details. What _? Where _? Would you please be so kind as to let me know more about it? Please inform me _. I am looking forward to _. Sincerely yours, Signature n写询问便条时先要说明请求帮助的原因，以及求助的具体内容或细节；而后向对方表示感谢n常用表达法：nCould you pleasenWould it be possible tonWould you mind doingnCould you possiblynI wo

19、uld be grateful if you wouldnI wonder if you couldnI would quite appreciate it if you couldnIm writing to ask you to9、感谢类、感谢类 DateDear _ , I am now writing these lines to express my sincere thanks for _. Id like you to know how much your _ meant tome. I _. How nice it would be to see you again and I

20、 am looking forward to seeing you next time. I repeat my thanks again for your_. Sincerely yours, Signature n感谢便条：先交代致谢的原因；然后再进一步说明对方的帮助给自己带来的益处；最后再次向对方表达由衷的谢意。n常用表达：nIm writing to express my sincere gratitude fornThank you so much fornMany thanks for your hospitality during my stay at your home.nIt

21、 is very nice/kind of you to10、抱怨类、抱怨类 DateDear _ , I am _. I am writing to bring your attention to _. The focus of the complaint is _. _. All in all, there is still much room for improvement. I do hope _. Thank you for your time and kind consideration. Sincerely yours, Signature 四、现场练习四、现场练习 Write

22、on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend has just won the first prize in the Provincial English Speech Contest. Write a note of congratulation. January 19, 2007Dear John, I have learned with delight that you won the first prize in the Provincial E

23、nglish Speech Contest. I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on what you have done. I know this is surely owing to your diligence. It is a reward you really deserve for your long-term efforts. My best wishes for your further success. Sincerely yours, TomHomeworknWrite a note of abo

24、ut 50-60 words based on the following situation: nYou are Tony or Mary. Yesterday, you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher, Mr. Wang. Write a note of apology to your teacher.nSampleCOMPOSITION作文评分标准 满分15。1. 1. 思想与表达思想与表达2. 2. 语言运用能力语言运用能力3. 3. 写作规范写作规范 1. 思想与表达（思想与表达（Ideas and Ar

25、guments）：）：n满分为7分，其中1-2分较差，3分一般，4-5分良好，6-7分优秀。n思想内容：（idea & content）内容切题内容充实观点明确论据支持观点有独到见解n表达效果（effectiveness）表达清晰有说服力n篇章组织 （Rhetorical Organization）每段有主题句句间衔接自然段间过渡自然第一部分明确提出观点最后一部分自然得出结论段落排列合理2. 语言运用能力语言运用能力(Language Use)n满分6分，其中1-2分为较差，3分一般，4-5分良好，6分为优秀。n准确性(correctness)语法正确句子结构正确固定搭配正确用词准确n丰富性(

26、richness)词汇丰富句子形式多样n得体性(appropriateness)语气恰当语言地道n流利度(fluency)完成规定词数 (超出200过多扣1分。完成规定内容，字数少于170字扣1分。未完成任务的不仅扣字数分，也要从内容上扣分)3. 写作规范写作规范 (Mechanics)n满分2分，其中0.5分为较差，1分为一般，1.5为良好，2分优秀。n单词拼写正确n标点符号正确n大小写正确n书写美观n卷面整洁nTEM一4作文的体裁以议论文为主，由四个部分组成： 标题 (title)， 介绍(introduction)， 主体(body) 结尾(conclusion)一般来说，TEM-4的命

27、题作文的模式是“三段式”作文，即introduction（提出观点）- body（展开论述）-conclusion（总结结论）。(一)介绍(introduction)n其中第一句的作用是用来说明整段文章的总义和介绍文章的主题，之后的一至两句则是用来表达考生的个人意见(论点)，最后一句通常用来带领进入主体部分。n文章好的开头会引人如胜，激发阅卷老师的阅读兴趣。一般说来，这一段落不宜太长，要写得简明扼要，主要可以采用以下三种方法：引用法、现象法和对立法。 (二)主体(body)n主体部分段首通常有一个主题句(topic sentence)，用来表示该段的中心思想。下面是几个常用主题句句型： 1It

28、 is believed that has the following advantages 2 is important in several ways 3 I side with this view for two reasons 4 benefits us in many waysn接下来的文章应包含二到三个要点，用以支持主题句。考生可以通过例证、引证、对比、因果论证及反证等方法逐步论述各个要点。阅卷老师在看文章时也许会通过某些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构严谨，条理清晰，因此要在每一个要点前加入表示顺序的词汇，如： (二)主体(body)n1）firstly, secondly

29、, thirdly, finallyn2）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastlyn3）to begin with, then, furthermore, finallyn4）to start with, next, in addition, finallyn5）first and foremost, besides, last but not leastn6）most important of all, moreover, finallyn7）on one hand, on the other ha

30、ndn8）for one thing, for another thing(三)结尾(conclusion)n结尾部分的开始通常会用一个特别结论句式，如：in general，to sum up，to conclude，all in all等等。n在200词的文章中，这一部分不宜篇幅过长，最好用一两句话来总结全文，使其前后呼应。除非只是一个次要观点，否则不要在这段内提出任何新见解，但如果题目要求的话，考生也可以在结论上提出相应的建议、推荐、介绍和解决方法。一些问题1、审题不清楚；2、结构不完整，比如，开头缺少铺垫，结尾缺少总结段；3、比例失调，最常见的是，第一段不够概括，篇幅过长；第二段过于简

31、略；第三段继续阐述某些观点，或者开始新话题；4、主题句没有对段落进行明确的、适当的限定，结果段落内容不能紧扣主题；5、第一段没有明确提出中心思想，赞成什么、反对什么，或对某个问题有什么看法，导致观点不鲜明，中心思想不突出。5种题型及模式框架种题型及模式框架n自由发挥型n立场选择型n给定明确观点型n问题解决型n比较对比型自由发挥型先提出一个话题，然后提供一些流行的观点，要求考生通过给定的材料做出自己的分析，提出自己的论点，然后进行阐述和论证。这种题目对论点不做限制，作者可以自由发挥，只要能证明自己，围绕话题即可。请看历年相关的考题：2005年：My Idea of a University Ar

32、t Festival(针对学生会举办的大学艺术节的组织活动和内容提出自己的想法和建议)1993年：My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the Future(我对自己将来当一名老师的想法)1992年：My View on Reading Extensively（就泛读发表自己的意见）My View on Reading Extensively Reading is important for us. For English majors, extensive reading is a very important way to improve their Engli

33、sh. Actually, we get most of our knowledge from extensive reading. Extensive reading benefits us in many ways. Firstly, by reading extensively, we can get knowledge about various areas such as culture, education, history, science and literature. For example, newspapers and magazines can keep us info

34、rmed of current events. So it is easy for us to know what is going on in the world today. Secondly, extensive reading helps us improve our reading comprehension effectively. The more we read, the better we understand, and the faster our reading speed will be. What is more, extensive reading is the b

35、est way to enlarge our vocabulary. Due to frequent contact with unfamiliar words, we find it easy to guess the meaning of them even without referring to the dictionary. We can often find context clues for new words. By and by, we can learn a lot of useful words. Besides, it will widen our outlook on

36、 life.n Obviously, we can benefit a lot from reading widely. So, it is advisable to develop a habit of reading extensively. 这是一篇自由发挥阐述的命题式作文，不限定论点。要求作者就泛读发表自己的看法。作者可以根据给定的话题，提出论点，然后再展开论述。 范文从自己作为一个英语专业学生的角度，提出泛读对我们很重要，它能给我们带来一些好处。 文章提出了四点支持观点的理由，即小分论点。首先，提出泛读可以帮助我们获取知识，作者用例证进行解释；其次，提高阅读能力；第三，泛读可以扩大词

37、汇量；最后，泛读可以帮助我们开阔视野。 结尾明了，重申论点，并建议养成阅读的好习惯。Introduction1.-(引出话题)is very important in our life. In my opinion, -(提出论点).nlike or dislikencancel or reservenHow to improve?CCTV Spring Festival Galalikencustom/ habit /tradition, large audiencenvisual/cultural feast, interesting programs, bring happiness n

38、show our traditional culture to the rest of the world npatriotismnoverseas Chinese can feel at home dislikenlack of creativity and freshness, boring /not attractivencost a lot of money and time waste nplanted advertisement / commercialized 广告植入nlip-synch 假唱 The Spring Festival Gala on CCTV has long

39、been a tradition for Chinese people to celebrate the New Year. It was very popular at the beginning, but now, some people suggest that it should be cancelled because many programs are outdated and boring. In my opinion, the Gala should continue to be held every year. Firstly, it still has a large au

40、dience who prefer to spend their new years eve watching it. It has become a custom for them. Secondly, as it is broadcast throughout the world, it can be a good chance to show our traditional culture to the rest of the world. Thirdly, it is an important program for Chinese people living in other nat

41、ions. By watching the program, they can feel at home. In a word, the Spring Festival Gala is quite meaningful. It shouldnt be stopped, but be held on year by year. It has been a hot topic for a long time whether the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled or not. Many people advocate that CCTV

42、 Spring Festival Gala offers a wonderful opportunity to celebrate this traditional festival, for the Chinese all over the world can share the same happiness and excitement brought by the TV program. In addition, many performances are very impressive, and some can even positively affect our life valu

43、e.However, every coin has two sides. Some people hold that CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled. One of the most significant reasons may be that this form of celebration force people to spend the eve more passively. Whats more, a great proportion of the programs are not attractive enough.As

44、 to me, my favor goes to the former opinion, because spring CCTV Spring Festival Gala gives us another option to celebrate this important moment. But it is really essential to improve the quality of the programs. And I hope some better forms of celebration will be created in the near future. People

45、throughout our country pay much attention to the CCTV Spring Festival Gala annually. Then does the CCTV Spring Festival Gala really benefit our Chinese culture? Different people have different opinions on it. Personally, I think it is a good way to spread Chinese culture. Firstly, by watching the CC

46、TV Spring Festival Gala, we can learn a lot about our traditional culture, which has played an important role in shaping peoples characters. Secondly, since more and more foreigners are learning Chinese, the gala offers a good platform to them to know more about China. So, unquestionably, the gala i

47、s a good way to make Chinese culture known. Whats more, after enjoying the Gala, we find that many programs are a perfect combination of the essence of the traditional culture and the latest modern technology, which greatly presents the unique Chinese culture. In addition, the gala keeps us informed

48、 of sth that we dont know, in which case we may be warned to attach much importance to it incase it dies out.In conclusion, with more and more people stimulated by the gala to learn more about Chinese culture, the CCTV Spring Festival Gala will surely promote the spread of Chinese culture.5种题型及模式框架种

49、题型及模式框架n自由发挥型n立场选择型n给定明确观点型n问题解决型n比较对比型立场选择型立场选择型 这类题目可称为这类题目可称为“For-AgainstFor-Against”，在提出话题后，通常从，在提出话题后，通常从相对的角度提出两种观点和立场，要求考生从中选出一个作相对的角度提出两种观点和立场，要求考生从中选出一个作为自己的立场，即二选一，然后论证其正确性。请看历年相为自己的立场，即二选一，然后论证其正确性。请看历年相关考题：关考题：n2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing 2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing 让考生

50、对电话让考生对电话 是否完全取代书信来往发表看法是否完全取代书信来往发表看法n1999 A Major Advantage/ Disadvantage of Advertising 1999 A Major Advantage/ Disadvantage of Advertising on Television on Television 要求考生在电视广告的好处和坏处中选择一要求考生在电视广告的好处和坏处中选择一者，者， 把问题说明把问题说明n1997 More Pressure from Academic Studies Does (or 1997 More Pressure from A