英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时态的基本规则大全课件.pptx

1、下一页 上一页上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页助动词助动词have/has have/has + +过去分词过去分词上一页下一页 Typeoriginal p.t p.pcostcostcostreadreadreadmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcau

2、ght rideroderiddenspeakspokespokenkeepkeptkeptdrinkdrankdrunkeatateeatenABBAAA ABC主菜单现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法一.表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响或产生的结果。上一页下一页Li Lei Li Lei hashas just just cleaned cleaned the windowsthe windows. .(现在窗户是干净的。现在窗户是干净的。) I I havehave already already finishedfinished my homework. my homework.(

3、 (我已经完成了作业，不需再做了。我已经完成了作业，不需再做了。) )主菜单二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可仍在继续。上一页下一页I I have learnthave learnt English for about two English for about two years.years.我已经学了大约两年多的英语。我已经学了大约两年多的英语。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单She She has livedhas lived in Chongqing since in Chongqing since 2000. 2000. 她自从她自

4、从20002000年以来一直住在重庆年以来一直住在重庆。三.现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 连用。上一页下一页This is the first time he This is the first time he has drivenhas driven a a car .car .这是他第一次开车。这是他第一次开车。主菜单It is the first time I It is the first time I have comehave come to to Chonqing . Chonqing . 这是我第一次来

5、重庆。这是我第一次来重庆。四.现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。上一页下一页It Its the most boring film Is the most boring film Ive ve ever ever seenseen. .这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。主菜单WhatWhats the best gift Joe s the best gift Joe has has ever ever receivedreceived? ? Joe曾收到过的最好的礼物是什么？曾收到过的最好的礼物是什么？现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与连用，如:

6、already, already, yet, never, ever, just, before, up to yet, never, ever, just, before, up to now, so far, in the last/past few now, so far, in the last/past few weeksweeks等,表示“”所发生的动作.还可以和(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示连用，如: sincesince, , forfor now, today, this morning now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening,

7、 week, month, (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days,year), these days,等.上一页下一页主菜单一、一、sincesince短语或从句表示过去的动短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，作延续至今，sincesince之后的时间为一点之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith Mr. Smith has workedhas worked here since 1984. here since 1984. （1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）HeHes learneds learned about 5,

8、000 English words about 5,000 English words since he went to college.since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。）上一页下一页主菜单二二、forfor短语表示动作延续多长时间，短语表示动作延续多长时间，forfor后面跟时间段。后面跟时间段。 We We have knownhave known each other each other for two for two years.years. （我们认识有两年了。）（我们认识有两年了。） She She has workedha

9、s worked in this school in this school for for twenty yearstwenty years. . （她一直在这所学校工作二十年了。）（她一直在这所学校工作二十年了。）上一页下一页主菜单三、三、justjust是完成时的时间状语，是完成时的时间状语，just just now now 有有a moment ago a moment ago 之意，是一般之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。过去时的时间状语。The train has The train has justjust arrived. arrived. （火车刚到。）（火车刚到。）Did y

10、ou see Joan Did you see Joan just nowjust now? ? （你刚才看到琼了吗？）（你刚才看到琼了吗？）上一页下一页主菜单四、四、in the past few years in the past few years 意思是意思是“过去几年来过去几年来”，可作现在完成时，可作现在完成时的时间状语；的时间状语；in the pastin the past意思是意思是“在在过去过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状，常作一般过去时的时间状语。语。Great changes Great changes have takenhave taken place place i

11、n my hometown in the past few in my hometown in the past few years.years.（过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。）（过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。）Where Where diddid you you workwork in the past? in the past? （你过去在哪里工作？）你过去在哪里工作？）上一页下一页主菜单五、五、ever since thenever since then与与from then on from then on (after that)(after that)都有都有“打那

12、以后打那以后”之意，之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。用作一般过去时的时间状语。SheShes liveds lived here ever since then. here ever since then. （打那以后，她一直住在这。）I I didndidnt heart hear of Jim from then of Jim from then on/after that.on/after that. （打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。）上一页下一页主菜单 六、六、beforebefore泛指泛指“以前以前”时，可用时，可用于现在

13、完成时中；于现在完成时中；agoago表示表示“现在的现在的一段时间以前一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的，是一般过去时的时间状语。时间状语。I Ive never been to Japan before.ve never been to Japan before. （我以前没去过日本。）She went to Japan a year ago.She went to Japan a year ago. （她一年前去了日本。）上一页下一页主菜单七、七、everever和和nevernever也是现在完成时常也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾曾经经”，多见于疑问句

14、或否定句中；，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是后者意思是“从来没有从来没有”，表示全，表示全部否定。部否定。“ “HaveHave you ever you ever seenseen the film? the film?” “No. I have never seen it.No. I have never seen it.”（“你曾经看过这部影片吗？” “没有， 从来没看过。”）Nobody in our class Nobody in our class hashas ever ever beenbeen there. there. （我们班没有人去过那里。）上一页下一页主菜单八、八

15、、alreadyalready和和yetyet常见于现在完成时常见于现在完成时中，有中，有“已经已经”之意。前者一般用之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yetyet在否定句中有在否定句中有“还还”之意。之意。“ “Has the bus left yetHas the bus left yet”? ? “Yes. It has already left.Yes. It has already left.” ( (“No. It hasnNo. It hasnt left yet.)t left yet.) “汽车开走了吗？” “是的，已经开走了。” （

16、 “不，还没有开走。”）上一页下一页主菜单九、九、so far(so far(到目前为止到目前为止) )，也是，也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。现在完成时常见的时间状语。 So far, no man has travelled So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. farther than the moon.（到目前为止，（到目前为止， 还没有人到月球以外旅行。）还没有人到月球以外旅行。）上一页下一页主菜单十、十、now, today, this morning, this now, today, this morning, t

17、his yearyear等有时可以用现在完成时中，以等有时可以用现在完成时中，以表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。 I have learned how to swim now.I have learned how to swim now. （我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。） Have you seen Han Meimei this Have you seen Han Meimei this morning? morning? （你今天上午看到韩梅梅了吗？）上一页下一页主菜单短暂性动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：等。上一页下

18、一页为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的来 代替短暂性动词。主菜单 becomebecomebebe, , beginbeginhavehave , , borrow borrow keepkeep, , buy buy havehave, , come (go, arrive, get)come (go, arrive, get)be be here/there/inhere/there/in，diediebebe deaddead, , fall asleep (ill)fall asleep (ill)be asleep (ill),be asleep (ill), finish finis

19、h be overbe over, , get to knowget to knowknowknow, , joinjoinbe in be in （be a member be a member of of ）, leave, leavebe away(frombe away(from), ), marrymarrybebe marriedmarried等；下一页上一页主菜单也可以仍用原短暂性动词，也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型用句型“”或用或用“”这一结构来表述延续性的动这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状态。作或状态。 上一页下一页主菜单他入党五年了。He has been in the Pa

20、rty for five years.He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party.It is five years since he joined the Party.He joined the Party five years ago .He joined the Party five years ago

21、.电影开始五分钟了。The film has been on for five minutes.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began.It is five minutes since the film began.The film began five minutes ago.The film began five minutes ago.下一页上一页主菜单 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a year

22、. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1. 1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。 2. 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor fi

23、ve five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他

24、就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 o since 6 oclock.clock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 o since 6 oclo

25、ck.clock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years. years.下一页上一页主菜单have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to a place 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。

26、上一页下一页主菜单 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you?You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling I have been to Guiling . .I went there I went there last year. last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing.She

27、has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单 与一般过去时的用法比较一一. .现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一般过去而一般过去时，则只表示发生在过去的动作和事时，则只表示发生在过去的动作和事情情, ,与现在没有关系。与现在没有关系。 上一页下一页主菜单eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页第一句用现在完成时时

28、态，意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。主菜单二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时: 上一页下一页eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg： They have known each other

29、since 2003. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.主菜单三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the other day ),the other day ( (前两天前两天),just now(),just now(刚才刚才) )，时间，时间+ ago, last + ago, last +时间时间 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .

30、主菜单四常与现在完成时连用的表示到现在为止这段时间的词短语或从句: 上一页下一页so far (so far (到现在为止到现在为止), ),up to (till,until)nowup to (till,until)now直到现在，直到现在，latelylately（最近）（最近）,yet,yet（已经，还）（已经，还）, ,since+since+过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句。过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句。eg：The weather has been hot so far this summer . I havent seen her yet .主菜单上一页主菜单动动 词词 填填 空：

31、空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he

32、 _(see) it? He _ it last week. He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一页上一页主菜单4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the no

33、vel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. thei

34、r software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen _(give) up smoking since last year.8.Mr chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given下一页上一页主菜

35、单选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green h

36、as worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesin

37、ce下一页上一页主菜单用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunmin

38、g ? Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter? I donWhere is Peter? I dont know where he t know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! W

39、here _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单Thank you !Good bye!