雅思写作语法定语从句(基础版)PPT课件.ppt

1、1定语从句定语从句2两大基本概念：两大基本概念： Many companies employ people who has red hair. 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 一般由一般由: 名词名词,代词代词,短语短语,句子句子 充当充当 引导定语从句的词叫引导词。引导定语从句的词叫引导词。 引导词是区分主句和从句的重要标准。引导词是区分主句和从句的重要标准。_3找出句子主干找出句子主干 1. When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money repayment o

2、f which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favor of another person. 2. If youre unsure about things, each floor has an elected “floor senior” who is usually a student in their third or fourth year of study whos been at Smith House for a while. (剑剑2,T2,L)4 3. If every

3、thing they do must have some educational or academic relevance, then they will soon get tired of studying altogether, which is the last thing parents would want. (剑剑3,G,TA,W)5 4, As you can see, the building youre in now which contains this main lounge, the dining room, the recreation room, the kitc

4、hen and the offices was part of the original old house, built in the 1840s to be used by the family of George Smith.(剑剑2,T2,L)6引导词引导词 关系代词：关系代词： thatthat， which, whowhich, who，whomwhom，whosewhose 关系副词：关系副词： whenwhen，wherewhere，whywhy7关系代词关系代词8 thatthat： (1) (1) 先行词先行词：人：人/ /物物 (2) (2) 在从句中在从句中作成分作成分

5、：主，宾，表：主，宾，表9 【练练1/21/2】受到严重威胁的语言是那些只有老人受到严重威胁的语言是那些只有老人在说的语言。在说的语言。 ( (剑剑4 4，T2T2，R R） The critically endangered languages The critically endangered languages are those are those that are only spoken by the that are only spoken by the elderlyelderly. . 主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分10 【练练2/22/2

6、】 怀疑电脑将会带来的好处很重要。怀疑电脑将会带来的好处很重要。（剑（剑1,G,W） Q1: 主干主干 It is important to doubt/suspect the benefits. Q2：先行词先行词 -benefits Q3: 引导词引导词 -that Q4: 在从句中成分：在从句中成分： -宾语宾语 Its important to be suspicious of the benefits that computer will bring.11 whichwhich： 【用法一用法一】： = that= that (1) (1) 先行词先行词：物：物 (2) (2) 在从

7、句中在从句中成分成分：主，宾，表：主，宾，表 【用法二用法二】： (1) (1) 先行词：整个句子先行词：整个句子 (2) (2) 在从句中成分：主，宾，表在从句中成分：主，宾，表 (3) (3) 特点：特点：whichwhich前出现逗号。前出现逗号。12 【练练1/2】工业化国家的这项指标从工业化国家的这项指标从8.3年上升到年上升到10.2年，这表明工业化国家的受教育年限明显加年，这表明工业化国家的受教育年限明显加长了。（剑长了。（剑3，T3，W） In industrialized countries, this number rose from 8.3 to 10.2, which

8、shows that the length of education in industrialized countries is significantly longer. 4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分13 【练练2/2】 1994 1994到到19951995年期间出现了很大的增年期间出现了很大的增长，这种情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下长，这种情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下去。（剑去。（剑3 3，T2T2，WW） Q1:Q1: 主干主干 There emerged a great increase.There emerged a gr

9、eat increase. Q2:Q2: 先行词先行词 - - 整句话整句话 Q3:Q3: 引导词引导词 -which-which Q4:Q4: 在从句中作成分：在从句中作成分： 主语主语 There emerged a great increase from There emerged a great increase from 1994 to 1995, 1994 to 1995, which which likely continued likely continued into the following yearsinto the following years. . 14 whow

10、ho： (1) (1) 先行词先行词：人：人 (2) (2) 在从句中在从句中成分成分：主，宾，表：主，宾，表15 【练练1/2】我想跟你谈谈一位特殊的老师，他我想跟你谈谈一位特殊的老师，他对我的教育产生了重大影响。（剑对我的教育产生了重大影响。（剑3,T1,S） I would like to tell you about a special teacher who had a big influence on my education. 4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分16 【练练2/2】 这一定会有害于居住和工作在半径这一定会有害于居住和工作在

11、半径5英里范围内的所有人。英里范围内的所有人。（剑（剑3,G,TB,W） Q1：主干主干 This must be harmful to all the people. Q2: 先行词先行词 -people Q3: 引导词引导词 -who Q4: 在从句中成分：主语在从句中成分：主语 This would definitely be detrimental to all the people who work or live within a five-mile radius.17 whomwhom： (1) (1) 先行词先行词：人：人 (2) (2) 在从句中在从句中成分成分：宾，表：宾，

12、表18 【辨析辨析】 He is the student _ we are talking about. He is the student _ is talking about us.19 whosewhose： (1) (1) 先行词先行词：人：人/ /物物 (2) (2) 在从句中在从句中成分成分：定语：定语 (3) (3) 特点特点： whose + n. -whose + n. -主宾表主宾表20 【练练1/2】 过了一段时间，世界的生产转向其价过了一段时间，世界的生产转向其价值与大小和重量没有关系的货物。（剑值与大小和重量没有关系的货物。（剑6，T1，R） Over time, w

13、orld output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight. 4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分21 【练练2/2】 对于那些工作安稳的人来说，加薪几对于那些工作安稳的人来说，加薪几乎是不可能的。（剑乎是不可能的。（剑6 6，T3T3，R R） Q1:Q1: 主干：主干： For some people, it is impossible to For some people, it is impossible to increase the

14、salary.increase the salary. Q2:Q2: 先行词先行词 - people- people Q3:Q3: 引导词引导词 -whose-whose Q4:Q4: 在从句中成分在从句中成分 whose+ job , whose+ job , 主主 For those people For those people whose jobs are whose jobs are securesecure, it is impossible to increase , it is impossible to increase the salary.the salary.22练习：

15、练习：填空填空 1. These are lots of business people _ come to China to work and do business. (剑剑3,T3,S) 2. The field was launched, and the term “artificial intelligence” coined, at a conference in 1956 by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy, Herbert Simon and Alan Newell, all

16、of _ went on to become leading figures in the field. （剑（剑5,T3,R)23 3. The council, _ was founded in 1996, certifies fisheries that meet high environmental standards, enabling them to use a label that recognizes their environmental responsibility.（剑（剑7,T4,R） 4. Sea ports have been transformed by the

17、advent of powered vessels, _ size and draught have increased. （剑（剑2,T2,R）24作业：作业：25关系副词关系副词26 when-when-时间状语时间状语 (1) 先行词：先行词：表示时间的名词（表示时间的名词（time; day; year; date; moment) (2) 在从句中在从句中成分：成分：时间状语（从句中基本结构时间状语（从句中基本结构完整）完整）27 【练练1/2】 April Fools Day is that special day when you should play a joke on so

18、meone! Childrens favorites are to put salt in the sugar bowl for Dads morning coffee or put chalk on a desk chair at school so the teacher gets a white backside! But remember, if you play a joke after 12 noon, YOU are the April Fool! 4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分28 【练练2/2】 这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。这是

19、能保证充足食物来源的时候。 （剑（剑5 5，T4T4，R R） Q1:Q1: 主干主干 This is the time.This is the time. Q2:Q2: 先行词：先行词： -time-time Q3:Q3: 引导词：引导词： -when-when Q4:Q4: 在从句中成分：时间状语（从句完整）在从句中成分：时间状语（从句完整） This is a time This is a time when adequate food when adequate food resources will be assuredresources will be assured. .29 w

20、here-where-地点状语地点状语 (1) 先行词：先行词：表示地点的名词表示地点的名词 (2) 在从句中在从句中成分：成分：地点状语（从句中基本结构地点状语（从句中基本结构完整）完整）30【练练1/21/2】 Pavarotti, Opera Star Finds Creative Pavarotti, Opera Star Finds Creative Passion in PaintingPassion in Painting Tenor Luciano Pavarotti holds a handkerchief whenever he sings in concert. Yet

21、in real life he is more likely to be found holding a paintbrush. For his great love is painting vividly-colored pictures of Italian villages and seascapes. What he likes best about painting is its contrast to opera, the challenge is to use ones talents to bring to life the works of others. “When I f

22、inish a canvas, I feel I have created a world. 4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分31 【练练2/22/2】 在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里你可以坐下来喝茶里你可以坐下来喝茶. .（剑（剑3 3，T3T3，S S） 4Qs.4Qs. In Beijing there are some famous In Beijing there are some famous teahouses teahouses where you can sit and where you can s

23、it and drink teadrink tea. . 32 why-why-原因状语原因状语 (1) 先行词：先行词：表示原因的名词（表示原因的名词（reason) (2) 在从句中在从句中成分：成分：原因状语（从句中基本结原因状语（从句中基本结构完整）构完整）33 【练练】发生这种变化的一个主要原因就是电视发生这种变化的一个主要原因就是电视的影响力增大了。的影响力增大了。 ( (剑剑3 3，GG，TBTB，WW） 4Qs.4Qs. One of the major reasons One of the major reasons why this why this change has

24、happenedchange has happened is the is the increased influence of TV. increased influence of TV. 34练习一（引导词）：练习一（引导词）：35 1. Since the early years of the twentieth century, _ the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how h

25、igh they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. (剑剑4,T4,R) 2. The action takes place in underground cities _ the environment is controlled by computers. (剑剑5,G,TB,R)36练习二练习二: 改错改错 1. Id really like to find a friend that I can trust him completely.

26、 【扩展扩展】判断先行词原理：判断先行词原理： ，先行词，先行词 ，从句是否完整，从句是否完整37THE END38复习复习(定语从句）定语从句） 1，概念（先行词，引导词），概念（先行词，引导词） 2，引导词（关系代词，关系副词），引导词（关系代词，关系副词）39练习练习: Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that is not fully understood. Key:-is : are 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致. 定语从句中的定

27、语从句中的用单数还是复数用单数还是复数,这不取这不取决于关系词决于关系词,而是由先行词决定的而是由先行词决定的.40 2. 改错改错 Confidence is probably one of the most noticeable traits in the Americans. They show confidence in the way how they talk, the way how they smile, the way how they dress and the way how they walk. delete “how” 定语从句中定语从句中,关系副词没有关系副词没有h

28、ow. 如果如果要表达方式要表达方式,我们用以下句型我们用以下句型: the way + that/in which/ + 从句从句41 3. 判断以下两个判断以下两个that从句的区别从句的区别. 1) The rumor turned out to be untrue. 2) The rumor turned out to be untrue.42合并句子合并句子1.4.5 1. I know many rich people. None of them are happy. (剑剑3,G,TB,W) 4. At the five-star hotel we ate dinner and

29、drank lots of beer and champagne. In the evening, all the students went to a formal reception at a five-star hotel. (剑剑3,T3,S) 5. The event started with the students gathering in a large hall. In the large hall we were given the robes and hats. We wore the robes and hats during the ceremony. (剑剑3,T3

30、,S)43翻译翻译 1.总有许多外国留学生来中国学习总有许多外国留学生来中国学习.(剑剑3,T3,S) 2. 正如谚语所说正如谚语所说, “给人一条鱼给人一条鱼,可以养活他可以养活他一天一天;教会人捕鱼教会人捕鱼,可以养活他一生可以养活他一生.” (剑剑3,T4,W)44高分作文句子高分作文句子45 仍然有许多人仍然有许多人持传统的观点持传统的观点，认为，认为寄宿学寄宿学校校对孩子的学习对孩子的学习发挥着发挥着及其重要的及其重要的作用作用。 ( (教育话题）教育话题） Hold the traditional ideas / live Hold the traditional ideas /

31、live under the traditional ideasunder the traditional ideas boarding schoolsboarding schools playroles in sth.playroles in sth. NowadaysNowadays，there arethere are still many still many people who live under the people who live under the traditional ideas that traditional ideas that boarding boardin

32、g schoolsschools play an extremely play an extremely important role in childrens study.important role in childrens study.46写在最后成功的基础在于好的学习习惯The foundation of success lies in good habits谢谢聆听 学习就是为了达到一定目的而努力去干, 是为一个目标去战胜各种困难的过程,这个过程会充满压力、痛苦和挫折Learning Is To Achieve A Certain Goal And Work Hard, Is A Process To Overcome Various Difficulties For A Goal