高中英语必修四unit1-Grammar-主谓一致公开课PPT课件.ppt

1、 Unit 1 Grammar Unit 1 GrammarSubjectverb AgreementSubjectverb Agreement主主 谓谓 一一 致致 主谓一致主谓一致是高中英语非常重是高中英语非常重要的语法，也是高考考点，要的语法，也是高考考点，贯穿在高考英语贯穿在高考英语语法填空语法填空，短文改错短文改错和和书面表达书面表达中。中。What is S-V agreement? What is S-V agreement? 用动词的适当形式填空用动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (be)a teacher. 1. I _ (be)a teacher. 2. He _ (be)g

2、ood at swimming. 2. He _ (be)good at swimming. 3. You _ (be) late for school again.3. You _ (be) late for school again.4. They _ (have)many new books. 4. They _ (have)many new books. 5. She _ (have)two sisters. 5. She _ (have)two sisters. amisarehavehas主谓一致主谓一致就是主语与谓语动词保持就是主语与谓语动词保持人称人称和和数数的一致。的一致。1

3、2. 主语复谓语复主语复谓语复 ; The shoes_(belong) to me. belongbelongs主语单主语单 - 谓语单谓语单The bike _ (belong) to me. The cattle _ in the shed.(be) The police _ searching for him. (be)3. areare只表示复数意义的只表示复数意义的 集体名词，谓语常用复数，集体名词，谓语常用复数，牛人警察和船员牛人警察和船员； (cattle , people，police, crew)4.4.集合名词如集合名词如 family, team, class, gro

4、up, audience等等 作主语作主语, 如果作为如果作为一个一个整体整体看待看待, 谓语用谓语用单数单数.如果指集如果指集体里体里每一个成员每一个成员,谓语用谓语用复数复数.The team _ (have)some good players. The team _ (be)handsome. hasareThe group _(be) made up of nine students. The group _ (be)dancing happily. isare 31 31期报纸改错期报纸改错 If the family have two or three children, it i

5、s even harder to pay the money._has1. 【课文句子】【课文句子】 Following Janes way of studying Following Janes way of studying chimps, chimps, our group _(be) all _(be) all going to visit them in the forest.going to visit them in the forest. Jane warns us that Jane warns us that our group our group _ (be) going

6、 to be very tired _ (be) going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.is right.areis 1. 1. 句句中中groupgroup强调成员，故其后谓强调成员，故其后谓语动词用语动词用_形式；形式； 2. 2. 句句的的groupgroup强调整体，故其后谓强调整体，故其后谓语动词用语动词用_形式。形式。( (单数单数/ /复数复数) )复数复数单数单数主语主语谓语动词谓语动词可数名词单数或不可数名词可数

7、名词单数或不可数名词 可数名词复数可数名词复数只表示复数意义的集体名词只表示复数意义的集体名词people，police，cattle等等family，class, group，team类类集体名词集体名词强调整体强调整体强调成员强调成员单数单数单数单数复数复数复数复数复数复数 5. 不定式，动名词（短语）作主语不定式，动名词（短语）作主语1. To lose weight is to keep a good habit of eating healthily. (范文背诵范文背诵)2. Going shopping is one of his habits.谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数2.2

8、.学习帮改错学习帮改错_TakingPaying_1. 课文例句课文例句 Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 1. Take a deep breath is a 1. Take a deep breath is a helpful way to reduce your stress.helpful way to reduce your stress. 2. Pay lots of attention to the 2. Pay lots of attention to the lesson

9、s will affect their school lessons will affect their school subjects.subjects.【高考真题】 Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have1.When he will come is a puzzle. 改错：改错：Where he comes from are a mystery.is6.由引导词引导的主语从句作主语，由引导词引导的主语从句作主语

10、，谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用单数单数。 2.When he was born remains unknown, maybe in 1776 or 1777. 1. What he needs _(be) that book.2. What he needs _ (be)some books.3.What he saw is the stars in the sky.(改错改错)规律六: _引导的主语从句，可根据 _决定主句动词的单复数形式。areisare特殊情况：特殊情况：1. 由由and连接的两个并列主语从句作主语，连接的两个并列主语从句作主语，如如果主语表示两件事情，动词用果主语表示两

11、件事情，动词用复数复数。例如：。例如： What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.2. 由由and连接两个连接词引导一个主语从句，连接两个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。 When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.1. How and why he had to come to New York a story of success.2. Being too anxious to help

12、an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention.（学习帮）（学习帮）3. Buying clothes _(is/are)often a time-consuming job.4. To understand the situation completely _ (requires/require) more thought.resultsrequiresisis 7. 定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词的人

13、称和数保持一致。的人称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.1.You will probably want to join the StampCollectors Club which exist to add more stamps toyour collection.(学习帮改错学习帮改错)2.In the past, people had to do lots of work which were very dangerous.(学习帮改错学习帮改错)3

14、. Obesity comes from our unhealthy eating habit like eating too much high-energy food, which_（lead）to getting more fat in our body.(范文背诵范文背诵)existswasleads 定语从句谓语动词由关系代词所指代定语从句谓语动词由关系代词所指代的的先行词决定先行词决定。主语主语谓语动词谓语动词不定式、动名词不定式、动名词主语从句主语从句定语从句中关系代词作主定语从句中关系代词作主语语通常用单数通常用单数通常用单数通常用单数与先行词一致与先行词一致8. many a

15、, more than one, one and a half与与单数单数名词名词组成的短语组成的短语, 谓语用谓语用单数。单数。 Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。Many a teacher are worried about the effects of television on young people.(学习帮改错学习帮改错) More than one person _(be) involved in the matter.isis9. “9. “a a number of + number of + 名词复数名词复数”- - 谓

16、谓语语复复 “ “thethe number of + number of + 名词复数名词复数”- - 谓语谓语单单1. A number of students _(go)to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest since 2008.2. The number of pages in this book _(be) two hundred.have gone is10. a (large) quantity of +可数或不可数名可数或不可数名词，谓语动词用词，谓语动词用单数单数。 quantities of +可数或不可数名词

17、可数或不可数名词, 谓语谓语动词用动词用复数复数。 A large quantity of people _ A large quantity of people _ (be) needed here.(be) needed here. Quantities of food nuts _ (be) Quantities of food nuts _ (be) on the on the table. table.isare11. twenty percent(百分数百分数)two thirds / half (分数分数) the rest, + of 单名单名+复动复动 复名复名+复动复动 T

18、en percent of the pupils _ absent today. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea.areis13. One of + 可数名词复-谓语单数 主语主语谓语动词谓语动词表示单位数量，指时间、金钱、表示单位数量，指时间、金钱、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语短语the rest/分数、百分数等分数、百分数等a number of可数名词复数可数名词复数the number of可数名词复数可数名词复数a quantity of/quantities ofmore than on

19、e/many a可数名可数名词单数词单数单数单数根据所指代或修饰根据所指代或修饰的名词而定的名词而定单数单数根据根据quantity的形式而定的形式而定单数单数复数复数【全国高考真题】 Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 由连词由连词or,eitheror,neithernor, or,eitheror,neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut (also

20、), whetheror, not onlybut (also), notbut.notbut.等连接主语时，谓语动词要等连接主语时，谓语动词要与与靠近它的主语保持一致靠近它的主语保持一致。 Not onlyNot only you you but alsobut also he he isis a student. a student. NeitherNeither he he nor nor you you havehave made any made any achievement.achievement. 在倒装句中谓语应与后面的主语在倒装句中谓语应与后面的主语 保持一致保持一致 Am

21、ong the trees stands a red cottage. A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B 谓语就近原则就近原则 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。取决于最靠近它的主语。 在表存在的在表存在的there be 句式中，主语是两个或句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。的一个名词（短语）保持一致。 There is a pen, two penci

22、ls and several books on the desk.=There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk. =There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk. 由由herehere， therethere等引导的倒装句中，若主等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致持一致 a. Here comes the bus. b. Here is a pen and two books for

23、you1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe 2Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A. is B. are Cam Dbe4. Neither my wife nor I _ able to persuade my

24、 daughter to change her mind Ais B. are Cam Dbe5. Either she or you_ going to visit Beijing.A. is B. are Cam Dbe“主语+ 附属结构” ，谓语与主语一致 with as well as together with A. + along with + B + V (谓语就远) but, including 1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were)2.E-mail, as well as the tel

25、ephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play wasA 谓语动词与第一个主语A保持一致 All but one _(be) here just now. A library with five thousand books _(be) offered to the nation as a gift.wereis主语主语谓语动词谓语动词由由both.and.连接连接复数复数由由either.or.，neither.nor.，or，not

26、 only.but also，not.but连接连接就近原则就近原则主语后有主语后有with, together with, as well as就远原则就远原则1. and连结的主语：连结的主语： 表示表示同一人同一人/物物时时(此时此时and后无冠词后无冠词) -谓语单谓语单 表示表示不同不同的人的人/物时物时(此时此时and有冠词有冠词) -谓语复谓语复The worker and writer _(be) from Wuhan.The worker and the writer _(be) from Beijing. isareA.表整体概念的并列结构： bread and butte

27、r 黄油面包 iron and steel 钢铁 B.配套事物： a watch and chain 一个手表 a knife and fork 一副刀叉这些名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A knife and fork _ used to have meals. (be)isA knife and fork_ used to have meals.is（and 后无冠词） 指一副刀叉（and 后无冠词） 指同一个人The singer and dancer _ on the stage.is1.the+形容词形容词 表示一类人时表示一类人时.-谓复谓复 The poor _ (be )

28、 to be helped.The wounded _ (be) being taken good care of.The Chinese _ (be) very hard-working.areareare2. some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词做主语 -谓单Something _ (has / have) happened.Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. hasbreaks3. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no

29、. 在以上短语中在以上短语中and连接的单数名词连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主整个短语在句中作主语时语时, 谓语动词常使用谓语动词常使用单数单数。 Each man and each woman _asked to attend. isEvery boy and every girl in the class_ diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。is4. one of +4. one of +复数名词复数名词+ +定语从句定语从句-谓谓语复语复 the (only) one of +the (only) one of +复数名词复数名词+ +定语从定语从句句 单单 A.

30、He is the only one of the A. He is the only one of the students who _ (be) a winner of students who _ (be) a winner of scholarship for three years.scholarship for three years. B. She is one of the few girls B. She is one of the few girls who_who_ (be) well paid in the (be) well paid in the kindergar

31、ten.kindergarten.is are 成双成对成双成对的名词，如：的名词，如：shoes,glasses,trousers,shocksshoes,glasses,trousers,shocks等作主语等作主语时，谓语动词用时，谓语动词用复数复数，如果前面有，如果前面有a pair a pair ofof或或a suit of a suit of 修饰时，谓语和修饰时，谓语和pairpair或或suitsuit保持一致。保持一致。 A pair of shoes is a nice present. The glasses are mine.意义一致 谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义

32、而不谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式所决定是形式所决定 主语中有主语中有“all, half , most, the rest, all, half , most, the rest, 分数分数或百分数等或百分数等+of+of+名词名词”作主语时，谓语动词的作主语时，谓语动词的单单复数取决于复数取决于ofof后面的名词后面的名词。如：。如： Two thirds of the students Two thirds of the students areare girls. girls. Two thirds of the water here Two thirds of the w

33、ater here is is used to irrigate. used to irrigate. people,police,cattlepeople,police,cattle等词作主语等词作主语 谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用复数复数。如：。如： People in the Western world People in the Western world dodo not not eat such healthy foods. eat such healthy foods. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词做表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词做主语时，尽管是复数形式，通常把它们作主

34、语时，尽管是复数形式，通常把它们作为一个整体，其谓语动词用为一个整体，其谓语动词用单数单数。如：。如： Ten years Ten years isis a moment in history. a moment in history. Three hundred miles Three hundred miles isis a long a long distance.distance. the+the+形容词形容词（rich,poor,living,dead,young,oldrich,poor,living,dead,young,old等）等） 作主语时，如表示一类人，谓语作主语时，如表

35、示一类人，谓语 动词用复数。如：动词用复数。如： The young The young respect respect the old and the old and the old the old respectrespect the young,too. the young,too. The sick The sick areare being taken good being taken good care of in the hospital. care of in the hospital. 有些集体名词，如：有些集体名词，如：audience,family,group,class

36、, audience,family,group,class, team,crew,company,committee,crowd,eneteam,crew,company,committee,crowd,enemy,publicmy,public等，作主语时，等，作主语时，若作为一个整体若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用看待，谓语动词用单数单数形式；形式；若着眼于该若着眼于该集体的成员或个体集体的成员或个体时，谓语动词用时，谓语动词用 复数复数形式。形式。 His family His family isis a large one. a large one. His family His fam

37、ily areare early risers. early risers.一些特殊情况 “one and a half+“one and a half+复数名词复数名词”， 谓语动谓语动词用词用复数复数形式，但当主语是形式，但当主语是“a and a a and a half”half”时，谓语动词则用时，谓语动词则用单数单数。 One and a halfOne and a half months months havehave passed passed since I saw him. since I saw him. A month and a half A month and a

38、half hashas passed passed since I saw him. since I saw him. More than one+单数名词，单数名词， many a+单数名词，尽管意义是复数，单数名词，尽管意义是复数， 但谓语动词仍用但谓语动词仍用单数单数。 Many a fine man has died in that battle. 由由some-,any-,no-,every-some-,any-,no-,every-与与thing, one, thing, one, bodybody构成的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词构成的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用用单数单数。但不定

39、代词。但不定代词all,some,more,any,most,noneall,some,more,any,most,none和和half, half, the rest,part,percent, one thirdthe rest,part,percent, one third等作等作主语时或修饰主语时，谓语动词主语时或修饰主语时，谓语动词可用单数，可用单数， 也可用复数也可用复数。 Everything here Everything here hashas been done. been done. All All isis right and all right and all are

40、are present. present. Half of the orange Half of the orange was was rotten.rotten. Half of the oranges in the box Half of the oranges in the box werewere rotten.rotten. 动词不定式，动名词，名词性从句作主语动词不定式，动名词，名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用时，谓语动词用单数单数。 To see To see is is to believe.to believe. What he said What he said isis i

41、mportant. important. a number of +a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数。复数名词，谓语动词用复数。但但the number of +the number of +主语，其主语，其 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。 Now jobs Now jobs areare needed because a number needed because a number of people of people areare out of work. out of work. As a result, the number of people As a resul

42、t, the number of people who travel by plane in China who travel by plane in China is is larger than ever before. larger than ever before. a great deal of(a large amount of,a a great deal of(a large amount of,a large quantity of , a lot of)+large quantity of , a lot of)+不可数不可数名词，谓语动词用名词，谓语动词用单数单数。 A

43、large amount of money A large amount of money hashas been spent on clothes. been spent on clothes.Choose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences. Our family _ (is/are) not poor any more. 2. He has to worry. His family _ (is/are) waiting for him. 3. The class _ (is/are) more than fo

44、rty in number.4. The class _ (have/has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic. isareishave5. Not only you but also he _ (is/are) wrong. 6. Neither you nor he _ (is/are) right. 7. There _ (is/are) two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. 8. Here _ (is/are) a map and a handbook for you. isisareis提问与解答环节Questions And Answers谢谢聆听 学习就是为了达到一定目的而努力去干, 是为一个目标去战胜各种困难的过程,这个过程会充满压力、痛苦和挫折Learning Is To Achieve A Certain Goal And Work Hard, Is A Process To Overcome Various Difficulties For A Goal