高中英语-阅读理解说明文问题浅析与应对课件.ppt

1、高二年级 英语学科 课题：阅读理解说明文问题浅析与应对课题：阅读理解说明文问题浅析与应对1234learn about the definition and features of exposition(说明文).analyze common problems in reading exposition and find out solutions.develop skills in reading paragraphs and passages.increase the willpower to overcome difficulty.Exposition Exposition is a w

2、riting genre (体裁) which is aimed at explaining or providing readers with information to help them understand the world. It gives answers to such questions as “what”, “how”, “why” and so on and usually covers one topic. 说明文是一种文体，着眼于对所写的事物进行解释，说明文是一种文体，着眼于对所写的事物进行解释，回答回答“是什么是什么”、“怎么样怎么样”、“为什么为什么”之类的问题

3、。之类的问题。往往解释说明一物、一技或一理。往往解释说明一物、一技或一理。Emphasis on exposition年份总题数ABCD2019全国I卷15应用文记叙文说明文说明性议论文2018全国I卷15应用文记叙文说明文说明文2017全国I卷15应用文记叙文记叙文说明文2016全国I卷15说明文议论文记叙文说明文说明文是高考阅读理解的重点内容之一。出现频率：说明文是高考阅读理解的重点内容之一。出现频率：说明文说明文记叙文记叙文应用文应用文议论文议论文 高考对说明文的考查高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识多为科普知识，包括，包括自然科学类和社自然科学类和社会科学类会科学类, 反映和总结处于世界前

4、沿的自然科学和技术工程反映和总结处于世界前沿的自然科学和技术工程及社会科学方面的发展状况、科研动向和最新科研成果等。及社会科学方面的发展状况、科研动向和最新科研成果等。large vocabularyimpressions ofexpositionlong and complicated sentencesabstract concepts(抽象概念)new topics large vocabularylong and complicated sentencesdifficultylarge vocabularysolutions1) Be familiar with related voc

5、abulary required in new curriculum standard(新课标).2) Expand your vocabulary through wide reading.3) Learn to guess the meanings of unfamiliar words in the context(语境).long and complicated sentencessolutions 1)Use grammar knowledge we have learnt to understand the sentences, such as adverbial clauses（

6、状语从句）, attributive clauses（定语从句） 2) Learn to grasp the main structure of the sentences.（去繁就简，抓句子主干。）Reflect features, nature and rules objectively.如实反映客观事物的特征、本质如实反映客观事物的特征、本质和规律。和规律。Describe in order of time, space and logic.按时间、空间和逻辑顺序说明事按时间、空间和逻辑顺序说明事物。物。 organized条理性条理性professional 专业性专业性feature

7、s特点特点objective 客观性客观性 Long passages, new words, logical and complicated sentences as well as new topics.有的文章话题陌生且篇幅有的文章话题陌生且篇幅长、生词多、逻辑性强、长难句长、生词多、逻辑性强、长难句多。多。 Wearable tech is a term that describes clothing and accessories (配件) with electronic computer-based functions. Schreiber and Sim were particu

8、larly critical of watches and trackers that present wearers with instantly updated fitness records. Many of these devices either give you goals or ask you to set your own. Reach the goal, and the device emits a beep (发出嘟嘟声). Ive watched friends and family members respond to that beep, and its hard n

9、ot to think of Pavlovs dogwith Pavlovs dog, associating the sound of a bell with the smell of food caused the dog to drool (流口水) when the bell rang. Which kind of people act like Pavlovs dog? _ A. Those who have pet dogs. B. Those who do exercise regularly. C. Those who pursue their goals in life. D

10、. Those who use wearable fitness devices. DWearable tech阅读技巧阅读技巧1. 抓住段落中心词抓住段落中心词is a term thatPractice while reading These are just some of the factors added up by Spotahome, a rental agency. Theyve analyzed data from a range of sources, including the World Health Organization, TripAdvisor and the

11、CIA World Factbook to score each city on health, gym availability and quality, life expectation, obesity, green space and other elements to make a list to work out which are the worlds healthiest cities. What does the paragraph mainly talk about? _ A. How the list of healthiest cities came into bein

12、g(形成). B. What Spotahome discovered in the recent study. C. The reasons why Spotahome carried out the study. D. The places where the data of the study came from. Ato make a list Theyve analyzed data阅读技巧阅读技巧2. 把握段落中心句把握段落中心句from a range of sources表示上下文逻辑关系的词表示上下文逻辑关系的词例证关系For example, for instance, i

13、n fact/ as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/ that is to say转折关系But, however, yet, or/otherwise, instead, still, while/though/although, on the contrary,nevertheless(然而), in contrast/ comparison, by comparison因果关系So, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/suchthat, so that递进关系Be

14、sides, furthermore, moreover, whats more, whats worse, not onlybut also, even, as well并列关系And, first, then/ next, to begin with, someothers, for one thing, for another 雪铁龙发明防晕车无镜片眼镜Seetroen So how do Seetroen cure the annoying condition that hasbeen plaguing mankind for centuries? Well, the secret i

15、sliterally in those goofy plastic frames. That blue liquid in therings around the eyes recreates the horizon line to resolvethe conflict between the signals sent to the brain by theeyes and inner ear so that the movement detected by theeyes matches that detected by the inner ear .How does Seetroen h

16、elp get rid of motion sickness（晕动症）?A. By filling frames with liquid .B. By perceiving (察觉)the horizon line.C. By removing conflicting signals.D. By adjusting the angles of movements.阅读技巧阅读技巧3.准确分析长难句准确分析长难句That blue liquidmatches that Cmotion sicknessto resolve the conflict between the signals sent

17、 to the brain by thein the rings around the eyesrecreates the horizon line eyes and inner earso that the movement detected by the eyesdetected by the inner ear. Solothurn- The Swiss Town Obsessed with Number 11 Another great example of Solothurns obsession with the number eleven is the magnificent C

18、athedral of St. Ursus. Designed by Italian architect Gaetano Matteo Pisoni, it was built in eleven years. It features three sets of steps, each numbering eleven rows, eleven doors, eleven bells and eleven altars(祭坛), one of which is made out of eleven different types of marble. Interestingly, the al

19、tars can be viewed at the same time from only one place in the cathedral, the eleventh black stone in the long central part. What is the Cathedral of St. Ursus like? _ A. Its steps contain 33 rows in all. B. Its doors are made out of marble. C. It has eleven bells on each step. D. It has eleven alta

20、rs in the center.阅读技巧阅读技巧4.仔细阅读关键句仔细阅读关键句AIt features three sets of steps, eachnumbering eleven rows, eleven doors, eleven bells and elevenaltars(祭坛),阅读技巧阅读技巧仔细阅读关键句仔细阅读关键句准确分析长难句准确分析长难句把握段落中心句把握段落中心句抓住段落中心词抓住段落中心词进行语篇分析时，进行语篇分析时，需要对文章的需要对文章的整体作定位、分析和整体作定位、分析和思考思考，弄明白文章提出了什么问题，如何分析问题，弄明白文章提出了什么问题，如何

21、分析问题，问题如何解决，问题如何解决，各段落与全文主旨有何内在联系各段落与全文主旨有何内在联系。 1Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, theyre a shelter from the stresses of day-to-day life. For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, they are a lifeline to the world. If youre considering joining your loca

22、l library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should. 2 Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like. You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny. You can also tak

23、e out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns. 3 Libraries help people learn. Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card? There are lots of modern ones, as well as originals, and you can continue to expand y

24、our learning and vocabulary all the time. Its a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field. 4Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. E. Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and

25、DVDs. Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device pretty cool. 5 Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of

26、the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have notice boards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers. They create a great sense of community. Passage Aprovide conveniencehelp people learndevelop with timescreate a sense of communitygeneral intro

27、ductionprovide conveniencehelp people learn Para.3 Para.4Para.2Para.5develop with timescreate a sense of communitylibraries in the UKPara.1Topic:general introductionPassage B 1 In Weapons of Math Destruction, data scientist Cathy ONeil explains how big data exists everywhere in our lives, and that w

28、e hardly even notice it until it affects us directly. One application that has become particularly common is the use of algorithms (算法) to evaluate job performance. 2 She tells the story of Sarah Wysocki, a teacher who, despite being widely respected by her students, their parents and her colleagues

29、, was fired because she performed poorly according to an algorithm. When an algorithm rates you poorly, you are immediately branded as an underperformer and there is rarely an opportunity to appeal against those judgments. In many cases, methods are considered secrets and data often seems convincing

30、. 3 As a matter of fact, the belief that school performance in America is declining is based on a data mistake. A Nation at Risk is the report that rang the initial alarm bells about declining SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) scores. Yet if they had taken a closer look, they would have noticed that

31、the scores in each smaller group were increasing. The reason for the decline in the average score was that more disadvantaged kids were taking the test. However, due to the data mistake, teachers as a whole were judged to be failing. 4 Wall Street is famous for its mathematicians who build complex m

32、odels to predict market movements and develop business plans. These are really smart people. Even so, it is not at all uncommon for their models to fail. The key difference between those models and many of the ones being used these days is that Wall Street traders lose money when their data models g

33、o wrong. However, as ONeil points out in her book, the effects of widely-used machine-driven judgments are often not borne by those who design the algorithms, but by everyone else. 5 As we increasingly rely on machines to make decisions, we need to ask these questions: What assumptions are there in

34、your model? What hasnt been taken into account? How are we going to test the effectiveness of the conclusions? Clearly, something has gone terribly wrong. When machines replace humans to make a judgment, we should hold them to a high standard. We should know how the data was collected. And when numb

35、ers lie, we should stop listening to them. Passage Bthe introduction of big data the story of Sarah the decline of SAT businesses of Wall Street what we should doPara.2 example 1:the story of Sarah Para.3example 2: the decline of SAT Para.4example 3:businesses of Wall Street Para.5 what we should do

36、structure the drawbacks of big dataPara.1 the introduction of big data Please answer the following questions1. What does the example of Sarah Wysocki mainly show?_ A. The drawback of big data. B. The popularity of big data. C. The new challenge teachers face. D. The misunderstanding about algorithms

37、. 2. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? _ A. Making decisions without machines. B. Making sure that the data are reliable. C. Making the algorithms more effective. D. Making the data and algorithms public. Para.5 As we increasingly rely on machines to make decisions, we need to ask

38、these questions: What assumptions are there in your model? What hasnt been taken into account? How are we going to test the effectiveness of the conclusions? Clearly, something has gone terribly wrong. When machines replace humans to make a judgment, we should hold them to a high standard. We should

39、 know how the data was collected. And when numbers lie, we should stop listening to them.A BWhen numbers lie, we should stop listening to them.we have definitionfeaturesconfidenceproblemssolutionsattitudesummaryHomeworkFinish the reading practice after class. We love readingPavlovs dog 巴甫洛夫是俄罗斯著名的生理学家，巴甫洛夫是俄罗斯著名的生理学家，高级神经活动学说的创始人，他曾经做过一个研究狗高级神经活动学说的创始人，他曾经做过一个研究狗狗狗条件反射条件反射(conditional reflex)的实验的实验.每次给狗送食物以前打开红灯、响起铃声。这样每次给狗送食物以前打开红灯、响起铃声。这样经过一段时间以后，铃声一响或红灯一亮，狗就经过一段时间以后，铃声一响或红灯一亮，狗就开始分泌唾液。开始分泌唾液。