高中定语从句.ppt课件.ppt
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1、 一一. 定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词名词或代词后面,由关系代词或关系副词关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。先行词是由名词或代词充当的是定语从先行词是由名词或代词充当的是定语从句句/关系从句。关系从句。eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly.
2、 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词
3、关系副词实际上是介词先行词Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machinethat /whichThe lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词 二二. 关系词的分类关系词的分类关系代词关系代词 2. 关系副词关系
4、副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语和定语,常用的关系代词有:和定语,常用的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副状语,常用的关系副词有:词有:when, where, why三三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法 who指人指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。语时,可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steal
5、s things is called a thief.whom指人指人, ,在定语从句中作宾语,可省在定语从句中作宾语,可省略略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。语。作宾语时,可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder (which) he is using ismade in Japan. He is the man (that) I told you about.t
6、hat 指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。语。作宾语时,可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.whose指人或物指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.2. 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1) that和和which都可以指物,但
7、以下都可以指物,但以下5种情况种情况只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如:当先行词中有人又有物时。如: Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如:等时。如:This is all that I want from the school.当先行词被最高级修饰时。如:当先行词被最高级修饰时。如
8、:The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.当先行词被当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等等修饰时。如:修饰时。如:This is the very book that I am looking for these days.(2) that和和who都可以指人,但下面两种情况,都可以指人,但下面
9、两种情况,多用多用who。先行词为先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如:等时。如:All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those, he和和people时。如:时。如:Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成名引导定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语。
10、词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如:如:The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。了这个消息。whose的先行词指物时,可用的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但语代替,但语序不同,即序不同,即whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of which,或,或= of which + the + 名词。如:名词。如:The novel whose title (= the title
11、 of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行词指人时,可用的先行词指人时,可用of whom代替,代替,但语序不同,即但语序不同,即whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of whom,或,或= of whom + the + 名词。如:名词。如:The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is
12、a doctor is my friend.(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如:的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如:Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.The
13、 scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.巩固练习:巩固练习:1. 用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked
14、with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen. (which/ that)who/ thatwhosewhich/ thatwho, that, whom, which, whose I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical music. Yest
15、erday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player. Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.1.The girl _is standing who/that巩固练习:巩固练习: 用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空 The family _ Im staying with lives in town. I know the student _ artic
16、le was published. Betty, _ has never been abroad, is studying English very well. My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.(which/ that)whosewho?thatwhich/ thatwhomwhom?省略省略根据从句中
17、的动词搭配This is the book _ which you asked.注意:动词短语不能拆,即介词不提前注意:动词短语不能拆,即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。我照顾的那个老人好多了。The old man after whom I am looking is better. The old man whom I am looking after is better.介词介词+whom/which如如何判断介词何判断介词for根据从句中的形容词搭配He told me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.This
18、is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk.如何判断介词如何判断介词with根据先行词与介词搭配介词 + 关系代词 = 关系副词My grandpa was born in 1939 _ the World War broke out.Kun Ming is a beautiful place _ flowers are seen all the year round.如何判断介词如何判断介词in whichwhenin whichwhereThe song, _ we are interested will
19、 be broadcast tonight.He is the hero _ we are proud.This is the college _ well visit a famous actor.The earth _ we live is a big round ball.in whichof whomin whichon whichExercise Do you like the book _ she spent $10? Do you like the book _ she paid $10? Do you like the teacher _ she learned a lot?
20、Do you like the teacher _ we are talking has gone abroad? He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whomabout whomof which介词介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用 先行词是先行词是the way,意为,意为“方式,方法方式,方法”时,引时,引导定语从句的关系词用导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。或省略。 I did
21、nt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.(that/in which)(that/in which)关系代词关系代词as引导引导1. 先行词与先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本身就连用或先行词本身就是是the same, such时,要用时,要用as。Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2. 代替整个句子,在从句中作主
22、语,而从句位代替整个句子,在从句中作主语,而从句位于句首时,要用于句首时,要用as。As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.The earth is round, _ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsItas的使用/which Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have.Being a volunteer
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