高考英语状语从句PPT课件.ppt

1、 什么是什么是状语从句呢？状语从句呢？。（状语从句）（状语从句）u定义定义: 一个_用作状语时,在语法上叫状语从句。这个句子可修饰主句的_，_，_ 或_。状语从句通常由一个引起或起连词作用的_引起或由_， _等引起。分类：分类：状语可分为： 1) _ 2) _3) _ 4) _ 5) _6) _ 7) _8) _9) _等句子句子谓语谓语定语定语状语状语整个句子整个句子连词连词词组词组副词副词名词词组名词词组时间时间地点地点原因原因 目的目的结果结果条件条件 方式方式比较比较让步让步专题二专题二 专题导读专题导读 状语从句状语从句 考点考点(1) 状语从句的时态状语从句的时态 高考主要考查时间

2、、条件、让步状语从句高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。来时的用法。 考点考点(2)状语从句的结构状语从句的结构 高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句，如从句，如no matter疑问词，疑问词，whatever，however，as引导的让步状语从句；引导的让步状语从句；“the比较级，比较级，the比较级比较级”中的比较状语从句等。中的比较状语从句等。专题二专题二 专题导读专题导读 考点考点(3)状语从句的省略状语从句的省略 在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状

3、语从句中，在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及以及be动词，动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。等成分。如果从句中有如果从句中有“it is形容词形容词”，也可以省略，也可以省略it is。 考点考点(4)从属连词的选择和辨析从属连词的选择和辨析 高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词，如引导高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词，如引导时间状语从句的时间状语从句的immediately，the moment，every time，once；引导条件状语从句的；引导

4、条件状语从句的as long as；引导；引导原因状语从句的原因状语从句的now that，since；引导让步状语从；引导让步状语从句的句的even if，even though；引导目的状语从句的；引导目的状语从句的in case，in order that等。等。专题二专题二 专题导读专题导读 考点考点(5)where引导地点状语从句引导地点状语从句 where引导的地点状语从句和引导的地点状语从句和where引导引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如：如： The flower grows best where it often rain

5、s.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地地点状语从句点状语从句) The flower grows best in the place where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。长得最好。(定语从句定语从句)状语从句的位置状语从句的位置比较灵活，有时可以放于比较灵活，有时可以放于句句首首，有时可以置于，有时可以置于句末句末。状语从句。状语从句位于句首位于句首时时，其后，其后常用逗号常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。与后面的句子隔开。 状语从句状语从句可以根据其可以根据其用途用途分为：分为：时间时间状语从句、状语从句、

6、地点地点状语从句、状语从句、原因原因状语从状语从句、句、结果结果状语从句、状语从句、目的目的状语从句、状语从句、条件条件状状语从句、语从句、让步让步状语从句、状语从句、比较比较状语从句、状语从句、方方式式状语从句。状语从句。一一.时间状语从句时间状语从句 表示时间的状语从句可由以下连词引导表示时间的状语从句可由以下连词引导:1. when, while , as, whenever, before, after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as2. every time, next/last/each time, the fir

7、st time, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second3. instantly, directly, immediately 4. hardlywhen, scarcelywhen , barelywhen no soonerthan, be about to dowhen It is/ has been+一段时间+since从句 It was/ wont be +一段时间+before从句1时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after, before, as, once, till, unti

8、l, (ever) since, when, whenever, while, now (that), as soon as。如：。如： Now (that) youve grown up, you must stop this childish behaviour. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 2有些词，如有些词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等，当用于等，当用于 as soon as 意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如： I got

9、 in touch with him immediately I received his letter. My sister came directly she got my message. The machine will start instantly you press the button.3某些表示时间的名词词组，如某些表示时间的名词词组，如 the (very) moment (= as soon as ), the minute (= as soon as ), the instant (= as soon as ), the day, the year, the morni

10、ng, every time, each time, next time, the first time等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如： Ill tell you about it the moment you come.The instant she saw him she knew he was her brother. Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. Im going to see him next time he comes to Shenzhen. He left Europe th

11、e year World War broke out. He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.4有些关联从属连词，如有些关联从属连词，如 no sooner than / hardly when / scarcely when / barely when 等，也能引导时等，也能引导时间状语从句。间状语从句。 如果把如果把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely置于句首，置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如： She had no sooner heard the

12、news than she fainted. =No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted. They had hardly started to work when the trouble began. =Hardly had they started to work when the trouble began. He had scarcely entered the room when the phone rang. =Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang.用用wh

13、en, while或或as 填空填空: _ we were talking, Mr Smiths came in. _ they came home, I was cooking dinner. I was about to go to bed _ I heard someone knock at t the door.4. _ we were watching TV, he was studying. 5. He is fat _ his brother is thin.6. _ she sang, tears ran down her face.Conclusion:A: 从句为从句为”当

14、当的时候的时候”,从句谓语为延续性动词从句谓语为延续性动词,主句谓语为非主句谓语为非延续性动词延续性动词(即终止性动词即终止性动词), 三者可通用三者可通用.B 当从句的谓语动词为终止性动词当从句的谓语动词为终止性动词,只能用只能用when; 表示表示”正在那正在那时时”, 也只能用也只能用when.C.从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时, 只能用只能用while; while还还可作并列连词可作并列连词,表示表示”而而”.While/ As/ WhenwhenwhenWhilewhileAswhile 的其他含义：While I was walking

15、down the street, I came across an old friend. ( while =_)He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. ( while =_)While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. (while=_)While there is life there is hope. (while=_)whenalthoughas long as butD. . 当强调主句和从句的动作同时发生时当强调主句和从句的动作同时发生时, ,只能用只

16、能用as, as, 译为译为”一一边边一边一边; ; 随着随着” as的常见用法：1.She sang as she worked. 一边一边2. Smart as he is ,he doesnt study hard. 虽然（倒装）3. You must try to do as I did. 像.一样4. As she was late for class, she had to say sorry. 由于before与after:You must finish your homework _ you go out to play.He had left the town _ she a

17、rrived.He had walked three days _ he found water.It was not long _ he left his hometown.I played football _ I (had) finished my homeworkPlease tell her Ill come _ I do some shopping.It will not be long _ we meet each other again.Conclusion:1. before作为连词作为连词, 有多种含义有多种含义,必须根据上下文作出合理的判断必须根据上下文作出合理的判断.2

18、. before与与after所引导的时间状语从句中所引导的时间状语从句中, 用现在时表示将来时用现在时表示将来时.4.before引导的从句是过去式引导的从句是过去式, 主句是过去时或过去完成时主句是过去时或过去完成时;. 主句主句为过去时为过去时,after从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时.3. before与与after 还可作介词还可作介词,后接名词或后接名词或-ing形式形式.beforebeforebeforebeforeafterafterbefore before 在在前前It will be half a year before I come

19、back.It wont be half a year before we meet again.We sailed four days and nights before we saw the land.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 肯定句肯定句 “ 才才” 否定句否定句 “就就”it will be +一段时间一段时间 before.多久之后才多久之后才.it wont be +一段时间一段时间 before.不久就不久就.till 与until:1. He lived with his parents _ he graduated f

20、rom He lived with his parents _ he graduated from college.college.2. Not _ he told me did I know the truth.2. Not _ he told me did I know the truth.3. The children wont _ (come/ be) home until/ till 3. The children wont _ (come/ be) home until/ till its dark.its dark.4. It was _ the war was over tha

21、t he returned to 4. It was _ the war was over that he returned to his land.his land.till/ untiluntilcomenot untilConclusion: 主句为肯定句时, 主句的谓语动词应为延续性动词.2. 当主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时,谓语动词应用否定式.3. 位于句首时.只能用until, 不用till.4. notuntil可改写为: It is/ was not until that强调句.”not+ until引导的从句, 一同置于强调句中.5. till与until 还可作介词,后接名

22、词. 如: I waited till/ until 3 oclock.易混淆句型 it is + 时间+ since before when that It is five years _he finished his research. It was five years _he finished his research. It was five years later _he finished his research. It was 5 oclock _ he got home. It was at 5 oclock _ he got home.sincewhenthatbefore

23、that其它的时间状语从句其它的时间状语从句:ill. I_ (be) at his bedside since he _ (become) ill.It _ (be) two years since we _ (begin) to use this machine._he saw the monster, he turned pale.The spy had _ returned home than he was told to go to another country.We had _returned home when it rained._ had we begun when we

24、told to stop.have beenbecameis/ has beenbeganThe moment/ minute/ As soon asNo soonerhardlyHardlyConclusion:1. Since表示表示”自从自从以来以来”, 以过去某一时间为起点以过去某一时间为起点,持续到持续到现在或过去的某个时候现在或过去的某个时候; since从句用过去时态从句用过去时态, 主句一般用现在主句一般用现在完成时完成时.2. It is/ has beensince句型句型.3. 表示表示”一一就就”, 可用可用the moment; the minute; the ins

25、tant; as soon as, immediately/ directly/ instantly以及以及hardlywhen; no soonerthan 等作为连词等作为连词.1.It wont be long _he finishes his writing.2._ he had finished his work, he left there.3.It is two years _he came here.4. _she told me, I had no idea of what they had said .beforeAftersinceUntil二二.原因状语从句原因状语从句

26、 表示原因的状语从句可由以下连词引导表示原因的状语从句可由以下连词引导:because, as, since/ now that; seeing (that)由于, considering that 考虑到, not because/ thatbut because/ that because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的重点在原因重点在原因上，上，不在主句表示的结果上。不在主句表示的结果上。回答回答why提出的问题时，提出的问题时，只能用只能用because；在；在强调句型强调句型中也只能用中也只能

27、用because从句，不能用从句，不能用since, as等，等，如：如： Because I cant see very well, I have to sit near the front. It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us. It is because he was ill that he didnt come. for 是并列连词，是并列连词，它引导的句子只能后置它引导的句子只能后置。表示。表示因果关系时，可以和因果关系时，可以和because 换用换用；但当它用；但当它用于于对主句的内容加以解释或推断对主句的内容加以

28、解释或推断时，不能用时，不能用because 代替代替，如：，如： He couldnt have seen me, because / for I was not here. The ground is wet, for / because it rained last night. It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. because 之前可以加上之前可以加上simply, only, just 等强调词，等强调词，如：如： You shouldnt get angry just because some peo

29、ple speak ill of you. since 和和as 引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由原因或理由在说话人看来已在说话人看来已很明显很明显，或已为听话人所，或已为听话人所熟悉，熟悉，since(相当于汉语的“既然” )和和as(由于由于) 只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如：如： As he is working hard, he is likely to succeed. Since he cant answer the question, youd better ask someon

30、e else. As he was not at home, I spoke to his brother. Since you insist, I will reconsider the matter. As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home.1. _he was ill, he didnt go to school.2._ you do not understand, I will explain again.3. _ she was late for class, she had to say sorry.4. _class is ov

31、er, lets go to play football.5. He must be ill, _he is absent today.BecauseSinceSinceforAs6. I eat potatoes _I like them. 我吃土豆是因为我喜欢土豆。7. _I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman. 我由于不知道路，因而问警察。8. _you wont help me, Ill ask someone else. 你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮我。becauseAsSince3.地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句常用地点状语从句常用

32、where, wherever 来引导，如：来引导，如： We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which; where既连接主句与从句，又既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。) I found my books where I left them. Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home. He will work wherever the people need him. Let me go wherever

33、(= to any place to which) they like (to go). 4. 4. 条件状语从句条件状语从句 条件状语从句表示条件，关联词常用if或unless, as (so) long as. if , once, as/so long as，as far as，unless， on condition that， in case 等。等。 If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman. 明天如果下雪，我们就堆雪人。 Youll catch a cold unless you put on your coat. 你会感冒的除非

34、你穿上大衣。 He will do anything as long as it is interesting. 只要有趣，他什么都愿意干。 在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词，如：示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词，如： If you move, Ill shoot you. If I press this button, what will happen? If you come, you can see it. If you finish early, you may go.注注 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在

35、进行的动作当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如：时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如： I will return the book on Monday if I have read it. The police wont take your car away if you are sitting in it.注注 如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用则可以用will / shall，如：，如： If you will read the book, Ill let you have it. If you wi

36、ll help me, we can finish by six. If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve. 当从句表示与当从句表示与现在现在事实相反的条件时，事实相反的条件时，从句从句动词用动词用一般过去时或一般过去时或 were型虚拟式，型虚拟式，主句主句动词用动词用 would / should / could / might + do，如：，如： If I were you, I should consult a doctor. If I lived in the twenty-first cen

37、tury, my life might be different in a number of ways. 当从句表示与当从句表示与过去过去事实相反的条件时，事实相反的条件时，从句从句动词用动词用过去完成过去完成时，时，主句主句动词用动词用would / should / could / might +have done，如：，如： If he had tried hard last term, he would have succeeded. If he had taken his doctors advice, he might not have died. 当从句表示当从句表示将来将来不

38、大可能实现的条件时，不大可能实现的条件时，从句从句动词动词用一般过去时或用一般过去时或 were / was to +do/should do，主句主句动词用动词用would / should / could / might +do，如：，如： What would you do if it snowed tomorrow? He wouldnt do it unless you were to order him to. 在正式文体中可用在正式文体中可用“were +主语主语”等倒装结构代替等倒装结构代替“if +主语主语+ were”等结构；等结构；“had +主语主语 + ed分词分词”

39、代代替替“if +主语主语+ had + ed分词分词”结构，如：结构，如： Were I in your place, I would be very worried. Were John to go to the university, he would have to work hard. Had it not been for the expense, I should have gone to Italy.判断下列句子对错: If I will have enough money next year, I will go to England. If I am to blame, y

40、ou are to blame. Id be very glad if you would come.条件句的填空: If I_ (be) a bird, I would fly to you. If you _ (leave) home a little earlier this morning, you _ (catch) the bus. If the sun _ (rise) in the west, I _ _(change) my mind. _ he _ (fall) through the ice, he would have drowned. _ bad weather st

41、ops me, I jog every day.werehad leftwould have caughtshould rise/rose/were to risewould changeHadfallenUnlessConclusion: 条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来时. If 从句如果表示主语的意志,意愿, 或以you作主语表请求时, 则用will或would. In case引导状语从句; 而in case of后接sth. / doing sth.5.结果状语从句结果状语从句 结果状语从句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因，从句是果，这结果状语从句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因，从句是

42、果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，如：和原因状语从句刚好相反，如： He was ill, so that he didnt come. He didnt come because he was ill. 1结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导：结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导：so that, such (a) that, such that, so that, that 等，如：等，如： He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word. The book is written in such simple English that

43、 we beginners can understand it without much difficulty. He didnt plan his time well, so that he didnt finish the work in time. She worried so that she could hardly eat her supper.2.当当so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如：位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如： So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital. So small was the mar

44、k that I could hardly see it.1目的状语从句通常使用的连词有：目的状语从句通常使用的连词有：so that, in order that, that, so。否定的句式常用否定的句式常用 lest, in case, for fear that来引导。来引导。 目的状语从句中一般要有目的状语从句中一般要有 can, may, could, might, will, would, should等情态动词，如：等情态动词，如： Bring it closer (so) that I may see it better. I put down his address fo

45、r fear that I should forget it. The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may understand well.I am going to the lecture early so that Ill get a good seat. (目的状语从句目的状语从句) I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. (结果状语从句结果状语从句)6.目的状语从句目的状语从句Its _ good a book _ Ive read it

46、 again and again.It was _ a cold day _ there was nobody on the street.So也可修饰单数可数名词也可修饰单数可数名词,但顺序为但顺序为:so+adj.+a/ an+n.Such可修饰任何名词可修饰任何名词,当其修饰单数可数名词时当其修饰单数可数名词时, 语序为语序为:such+a/ an +(adj.) +n.sosuchthatthat7 7. . 方式状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句由 as, as if , as though 等引导。例如: You can do it as what I just did. I cou

47、ldnt moved my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor. He sounds as though he s got a sore throat.方式状语从句方式状语从句: He stood up _ (he wanted ) to leave. She always talks to me as if she _ (be) my sister. He walked slowly as if he _ (hurt) his leg.as if werehad hurt判断下列句子的类型判断下列句子的类型:Conclusion:

48、As if从句里的主语与动词有时可省略. As if 从句叙述的情况如果与事实相符合,从句不用虚拟语气,从句时态与主句保持一致. As if 从句叙述的情况如与事实不相符合,则从句用虚拟语气.You must try to do _I did.2. The old lady treats the boy _he were her son.as if/thoughas8.比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般由从属连词比较状语从句一般由从属连词as或或than来引导，来引导，这种从句常采用省略句的句型，如：这种从句常采用省略句的句型，如： He worked as fast as a skilled w

49、orker. The project was completed earlier than we had expected. He is as young as you (are young). Please come as soon as (it is) possible. 区别：区别：We know you better than he .We know you better than him.比较状语从句比较状语从句: His brother is _ handsome _ he (is). The movie was not _ good _ I had expected. Your

50、bag is twice as expensive as _ (me). The driver drives faster _ he used to (drive). _ knowledge we learn, _ (happy) we will be.Conclusion:1.请保持人称代词的格前后一致请保持人称代词的格前后一致.如如:1, 3.2. 倍数词须加在比较结构的前面倍数词须加在比较结构的前面.如如:3.3. 句中相同的成分句中相同的成分,如动词如动词,常常省去常常省去.如如:1, 4.asasso/asasminethanThe morethe happier 注注 在否定句中，