高考英语(半)开放性作文解题技巧(57张)PPT课件.ppt

1、By: Mr Fu from Meishan Checheng High School 开放性作文一般没有提示和要点的限制，从而更好地考查了考生对英语语言的综合运用能力及考生的想象力和创造力，因此,这种题型也越越来越受到高考命题人的青睐来越受到高考命题人的青睐。【高考命题趋势】 1. 开放性作文的特点。 （1）自由发挥的空间大自由发挥的空间大。开放作文属于非控制性写作或非任务型写作，即主要根据文字提示、图画展示或表格列举等形式设题，留有一定的空间让考生自由发挥。 【写作指导】 1. 开放性作文的特点。 （2）它不仅考查考生的语言表达能力语言表达能力、组织组织能力能力要求较高能力，而且还考查考生

2、的逻辑思维能逻辑思维能力力、发散思维能力发散思维能力、想象能力想象能力以及多角度考虑问多角度考虑问题的能力题的能力。因此这种题型的作文虽然给考生提供了发挥的机会，但由于考生对给出的信息没有真正对给出的信息没有真正领会，没有理清文章的命题意图领会，没有理清文章的命题意图导致失分现象严重。 【写作指导】 开放性作文开放性作文不等同于一般的提纲作文，因为它不像提纲作文那样所给的要点很全面，写作时按照一定的“框框”进行发挥即可，它要求要求考生凭借试卷上所提供的线索（包括文字提示考生凭借试卷上所提供的线索（包括文字提示和图画），利用发散性思维，去合理地想象、和图画），利用发散性思维，去合理地想象、推理，

3、然后写出一篇合情合理的文章。推理，然后写出一篇合情合理的文章。 2. 与其他类型书面表达的区别区别。1.命题式开放性作文命题式开放性作文即给出作文题目，要求考生根据对作文题目的分析、理解，自由发挥。命题式开放性作文不像图画式开放性作文那样受到内容或文章体裁方面的限制，命题式开放性作文根据内容要求可以是记叙文、议论文、说明文，也可以是应用文等。开放性作文分类开放性作文分类开放性作文分类开放性作文分类2.图画式开放性作文图画式开放性作文即给出一幅图画，要求考生根据图画内容及对图画的理解，写出英语作文。图画式一般有两种情况，一是事件或事故发生的图画，二是夸张式的寓意图。对于事件或事故发生的图画，一般

4、采用记叙文文体；而对于寓意式的图画，一般采用议论文文体。根据不同内容的图画，考生可以套用不同的写作模式。1. 开门见山，直奔主题。开门见山，直奔主题。英语书面表达不像语文作文要求800字，英语只要求学生写出100个单词，这就要求学生在英语书面表达中要紧扣主题，文章一开始就要直奔主题直奔主题，不能有多余的话。2. 要点齐全。要点齐全。开放性作文要点都只是给出一些简单的提示，要点不多。这不多的要点每点所占分值都很大，如果遗漏其中某个或某些要点，如果遗漏其中某个或某些要点，扣分必然很重，得分自热很低扣分必然很重，得分自热很低。3. 发散思维，合理想象。发散思维，合理想象。开放性作文的特点决定了学生在

5、做此题时有很大的发挥有很大的发挥空间空间，但学生的发散思维又必须紧贴题意发散思维又必须紧贴题意，想象也必须想象也必须合乎情理合乎情理。【解题技巧】4. 层次清晰。层次清晰。一篇好的英语书面表达必须做到让阅卷老师看着赏心悦目，一目了然。要做到这点，除了要求学生注意保持卷面整洁、书写漂亮之外，学生还必须注意合理分合理分段，段内结构层次清晰段，段内结构层次清晰。5. 语法正确，能写出符合英语语法的正确句子。语法正确，能写出符合英语语法的正确句子。写出正确英语句子是对高中学生的一个基本要求。6. 句式多变。句式多变。一层不变的句式，任谁读着都会形同嚼蜡，这不仅仅是乏味，更多地是痛苦。让阅卷老师看着痛苦

6、的作文能得高分？显然不能！相反，多变的句式多变的句式总是会给人以美的享受，高分自然是手到擒来总是会给人以美的享受，高分自然是手到擒来。1. 1. 开门见山，直奔主题。开门见山，直奔主题。(以2016年全国卷II卷书面表达为例）作文题目：作文题目：假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学生摄影展，请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品，信的内容包括：1、主题：环境保护；2、展览时间；3、投稿邮箱：。注意：注意：1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。2016满分范文满分范文开头这样写：开头这样写：Dear Peter,Our scho

7、ol photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show.开门见山，开门见山，直接点出学直接点出学校摄影俱乐校摄影俱乐部部（photography club）将）将举办国际中举办国际中学生摄影展学生摄影展这个主题这个主题2015 全全国国卷卷 I假定你是李华, 你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿, 要点如下: 1. 栏目介绍; 2. 稿件内容; 3. 稿件长度: 约400词汇; 4. 交稿日期: 6月28日前天 注意:

8、 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯的Dear Peter, Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper. 2015满分范文满分范文开头这样写：开头这样写：或写信目的或写信目的。英语书面表达的要点要抓全，不能仅仅看所给的提示点，还要把隐藏的要点挖掘出来。同样以2016年全国卷II卷书面表达为例：假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学生摄影展，请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品，信的内容包括：1、主题：环境保护；2、

9、展览时间；3、投稿邮箱：。注意：注意：1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。几个要点？2. 2. 要点齐全。要点齐全。对了，除了明摆着的三个要点之外，另外题干对了，除了明摆着的三个要点之外，另外题干还隐藏了两个要点还隐藏了两个要点,所以一共应该有所以一共应该有5个要点才对。个要点才对。123. 3. 发散思维，合理想象。发散思维，合理想象。2016年全国卷II卷书面表达在要求Peter提供作品时，我们就应该要把思维打开，Peter应该是一个什么样的人，有什么样的兴趣爱好，我们才能要求他提供摄影作品呢？所以高考满分作文就做了这样一个合理假定：I know you take go

10、od pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on this theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. 4. 4. 层次清晰层次清晰(以2014年全国卷I卷书面表达为例）2014 高考英高考英语语作文全作文全国国卷卷 I 假定你是李华，计划暑假间

11、去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容） 注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3参考词汇：住宿-accommodationDear Sir/Madam, I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. Ive seen your ad, and Id like to know something more about your six-week English cour

12、se. First, when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class. Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. Would there be host family or university dormitory? Im

13、 looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua句子 主+谓 主+谓+宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+系+表 主+谓+宾+宾补简单句(simple)并列句(compound)复合句(complex) 名词性从句 形容词性从句 副词性从句分号，and, but, so, or等连接的句子能写出符合英语语法的正确句子。能写出符合英语语法的正确句子。主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句词汇反映你知识贮存量的词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。的一个重要标志。运用得当的句子结构可以运用得当的句

14、子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉整篇文章因此而生辉 。使用恰当连接词，对写一使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有篇有“英语味英语味”的文章很的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。自然、紧凑。1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.2.We all think he is a great man.3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea.4.The students there neednt pay for their book

15、s. 5. As a result the plan was a failure.The plan turned out to be a failure.Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable.一、怎样使用较高级的词汇一、怎样使用较高级的词汇We all think highly of him .A good idea occurred to me./ A good idea suddenly struck me.Books are free for the students there.6. When she heard

16、 he had died, she went pale with sorrow.7. She went to Austria in order to study music. 8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.9.In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.10.You can find my house easily. She went to Austria for the purpose of studying music.At the news of his death, sh

17、e went pale with sorrow.The more he spoke, the more excited he felt.Our school is made up of twentysix classrooms.Youll have no trouble finding my house. ( (常用到的句型结构）常用到的句型结构）利用丰富多彩的句型结构能有力地增加文章的文采，而一篇婀娜多姿的作 文必成阅卷场上的宠儿！1. 感叹句 eg. How happy I was when I received your letter! What a kind boy he is! Ho

18、w disappointed he was !二、丰富的句式：二、丰富的句式：2. 强调句 eg. It was this young boy that helped the old granny. I do hope you can come if possible.二、丰富的句式：二、丰富的句式：3、 倒装句倒装句 eg. Only in this way can you solve this problem. There comes the police car. Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man

19、.将以下句子改为倒装句：1. He didnt realize his foolishness until he returned home. Not until2.We can save the earth by changing the way we live. Only 3.He is clever but he does not work hard. as/though he returned home did he realize his foolishness.by changing the way we live can we save the earth.Clever he i

20、s, he does not work hard.Translate the sentences by using Inverted Sentences(倒倒装句装句)1. 他从不说关于他家庭的事他从不说关于他家庭的事. 2. 只有我们每个人都意识到水的重要性只有我们每个人都意识到水的重要性, 我们才能生活得更好我们才能生活得更好. 3.只有用这种方式只有用这种方式, 我们才能有足够的精力好好学习我们才能有足够的精力好好学习.Never did he speak about his own family.Only when each of us realizes the importance

21、of water, can we live a better life.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.4.省略句 eg. They read while walking or riding on a bus. Come to see me if necessary.5. with短语 eg. I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand. With the College Entrance Examina

22、tion drawing near, many of us are getting more and more nervous. (with复合结构表示伴随状况复合结构表示伴随状况) They came to a small village with mountains all around it.(with复合结构作后置定语复合结构作后置定语)通常在句中作通常在句中作状语状语，表示，表示时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随状况时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随状况等。等。有时，有时，with复合结构也可作复合结构也可作后置定语后置定语。如：。如：with名词名词/代词代词v-ingv-edto do形容词

23、形容词副词副词介词短语介词短语6、 定语从句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information. Lets come to the main teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library.7、 各种名词性从句 e.g. Thats what I should do.We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present.8、

24、 各种状语从句 e.g. Time passed quickly before we knew it. The moment we reached the farm, we got down to harvesting. So long as we work harder at our lessons, well catch up sooner or later. Do call me before hand so that I can meet you at the airport. They had to wait because the rain was getting more and

25、 more heavily. 1）There be句型（存在句：动词可用be,stand,lie,sit 等） There are two books on the desk. There seems to be something wrong with him. Once there stood a tall tree in the yard.9. 使用特殊句式句型使用特殊句式句型eg1. I think/feel/ consider it important _ (study) English well.eg2. I think it no use _(call) him because

26、he wont join us. eg3. Lei Feng made _(it/that) his duty _(help) others. eg4. I feel it useless _(argue) with him.2) Sb. feel/find/think/make/consider/believe + it + adj/n + to do sth / doing sth / that 从句从句 六一二三结构六一二三结构arguingto helpitto studycalling9. 使用特殊句式句型使用特殊句式句型3) 关于it的句型1). I will appreciate

27、 it if you can help me.2). When it comes to football, he is more excited.3). I hate it when I have to speak in public.4). I like it when she sings a song for me. 5). As someone puts it, practice makes perfect. 6). You neednt go if you dont feel like it. 9. 使用特殊句式句型使用特殊句式句型10. 使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档使用非谓语动词使句

28、子简洁高档Complete the sentences with non-predicate (非谓语动非谓语动词词) 听到这个消息听到这个消息,他们变的很激动他们变的很激动. _the news, they got excited.2. 尽管被告知许多遍尽管被告知许多遍,他仍然重复这个错他仍然重复这个错. _many times, he still repeated the mistake. 3.除非被邀请发言除非被邀请发言,你应该在会议上保持沉默你应该在会议上保持沉默.1. Unless _to speak, you should keep silent at the meeting.He

29、aring Having been toldinvitedTranslate the following sentences by using non-predicate (非谓语动词非谓语动词)1,1,面对困难时，他从不放弃。面对困难时，他从不放弃。2 2，引入市场后，该产品大获成功。，引入市场后，该产品大获成功。3 3，做完作业后，他回家了，做完作业后，他回家了。Faced with/Facing difficulties, he never gives up.Introduced to the market, the product made a great success. Havin

30、g finished his homework, he returned home.On one side of the road there is a new classroom building.On the other side,where the playground used to be now stands another new buildingour library. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.Whats more, I can go to bed earli

31、er. 三、怎样使用恰当的连接词三、怎样使用恰当的连接词日常练习：尝试多样化表达方式日常练习：尝试多样化表达方式 In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast.All these make peoples lives convenient, pleasant and colorful._ which_With the development of _ _so _ that_In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast, makes peoples lives conven

32、ient, pleasant Beijing, peoples lives are becoming more and more convenient, pleasant and colorful. Nowadays, Beijing is developing fast peoples lives are getting more convenient, pleasant and colorful.1 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）.2. To his surprise, the little girl knows

33、so many things.（使用名词性从句）3. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒装句)4. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型) 5. I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）On his arriving, please give me an e-mail.What surprises him is that the little gi

34、rl knows so many things.Weak as I am, Ill make the effort. It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened. Practice 怎样使用丰富的句式怎样使用丰富的句式 I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help. 6. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用过去分词

35、)7. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)8.I wont believe what he says. （使用状语从句） 9.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （用并列句）10He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad

36、.Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.Singing and laughing, they went back to school.No matter what he says, I wont believe. Study hard and youll make rapid progress.37 生活中，你自己或他人曾有过物品不慎丢失而又找回的经历，其间有烦恼、有惊喜、有感慨请就此写一篇英语短文。 主要内容包括： 1)丢失的物品； 2)物品失而复得的经过； 3)你的感想。注意： 1. 词数不少于100个；2. 不能使用真实

37、姓名和学校名称。38思路点拨：思路点拨：这是一篇命题作文。要求同学们根据所提供的材料，写出一篇不少于100字的短文。短文内容包括： 丢失的物品；物品失而复得的经过；你的感想。可见文章的中心和重点要放在“经过”的描写之中，但是也要描写自己的感受，写出作者自己的烦恼、惊喜、感慨；尤其包含有失而复得的复杂过程，是一篇夹叙夹议的作文。39 【参考答案】 Oh, my God! Where is my iphone? I made a call just now on the bus. Suddenly I remember I put it on the seat next to me. Its my

38、 birthday present from my father. He would be sad if he knew I lost it. I went to school as usual this morning, trying to stay calm. The first two classes seemed so slow as I was a little upset and absentminded. During the break, my Math teacher asked me to his office. I was very uneasy because I di

39、dnt know what I had done wrong. Unexpectedly, my teacher showed me my iphone the moment he saw me standing before him. 40Overjoyed, I grasped it back quickly. It turned out that the driver of the bus I often take saw the picture of me on my iphone screen. Knowing that I was a student of this school,

40、 he sent it to our reception office. There is no happiness which is better than that acquired by getting back what has been lost. Moreover, I am greatly moved by what the driver did for me. Ordinary as he is, he is indeed a worthy man and respectable. The event will always remind me to be kind and h

41、elpful.41 【作文点评】 本文由问句Oh, my God! Where is my iphone? 引入话题，吸引读者的注意。然后直接点明话题“我的手机掉了”。接着第二段完整地描写了其经过和失而复得的全部过程。最后一段谈到了作者自己的感受。本文要点齐全，很好地完成了写作任务。尤其是文章中用一些形容词巧妙地表达了作者态度的转变： sad, uneasy, overjoyed, moved, kind and helpful。文章多处使用各种从句，非谓语动词和各种固定句型，几乎每一个句子都是高级句型，读起来流畅自然。42 (半)开放作文是一种比传统的“书面表达”限制更少，留给考生自由发挥空

42、间更多的书面表达题型。这样的考试模式注重突出语言的应用，突出在语境中对学生语言能力的考查。与传统的“书面表达”相比，这种“开放作文”对学生构思、表达、写作以及语句的组织应用能力有了更高的要求。它要求考生在写开放作文时，要注意审题，尽可能做到内容充实、逻辑清晰、表达得体、语言准确。这样的考试模式能让考生发挥出自己的特长，有利于高校选拔优秀学生。43对于对于(半半)开放作文，同学们写作时要注意以下事项。开放作文，同学们写作时要注意以下事项。1. 认真审题，即：审语境、审人称、审时态；2. 要紧扣主题，符合要求，首尾呼应；3. 注意写作对象和语言风格，要有读者意识；4. 要进行细致描写，有细节的支撑

43、；5. 要有主次之分，详略得当；6. 要力求内容新颖，必须符合逻辑；7. 要做到思想健康，积极向上。44例： 请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。You cannot choose what you are given, but you can choose how you make use of it.注意：无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；除诗歌外，文体不限；文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；词数为120左右。45思路点拨：文章仅给出一句提示句，是半开放式作文。写好该文，考生首先应认真审题，考题要求结合事例写作，故本文宜夹叙夹议，不可全写成议论文；在叙事时应注意用一般过去时。其次，应

44、注意安排好文章结构。在遣词造句上，考生应多用一些高级词汇和高级句型，如定语从句、倒装结构、非谓语动词等，多用一些连词如： on the one hand, on the other hand, besides等，以提高文章的档次。46【参考答案】Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school. Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I

45、 found the teachers patient and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best of it. I worked hard and got along well with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they were always available. Soon, I became one of the top students in my

46、class, which greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.47 一、提供建议型 Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to 书信主题_ Here are a few suggestions. First, it is im

47、portant to第一件应该做的事情， as youll be able to 手段. Then, it also helps to第二件应该做的事情. Besides, it should be a good idea to第三件应该做的事情. You can also第四件要做的事情. 这样做的好处 Best wishes.48 二、释疑解惑型 As a 作者身份， I understand your situation. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers/students. However, 作者的基本看法

48、或观点. Here are a few suggestions. First, 第一个建议. 这样做的理由 Second, 第二个建议. 这样做的理由 Hope you get better soon and make great progress. 49 三、主题演讲型 Ladies and gentlemen， Today I will talk about 演讲主题. As you know, there are many advantages of 演讲主题 First of all, 分要点一. 展开一句或两句. Besides, 分要点二. 展开一句或两句. Last but no

49、t least, 分要点三. 展开一句或两句 In a word (In my opinion/Personally), 重申主题/总结主题. 50 四、阐述谚语/名言型 A famous saying goes that名言或谚语， which reminds us that释义. Indeed, we can learn many things from it. First of all, 理由一. For example, 举例说明. Secondly, 理由二. Another case is that 举例说明. Furthermore, 理由三 In my opinion, 我的观

50、点 51【基础练习】 目前，全国书市上各种各样的教辅、参考书(teaching reference books)泛滥，已成师生共同关注的问题。请以“How to Make Use of Reference Books” 为题，按照下列要点写一篇不少于120词的英语短文，表达自己的观点。首句已给出，不计入总词数。 要点包括：要点包括： 1. 教辅、参考书泛滥已成师生共同关注的问题； 2. 教辅、参考书泛滥带来的影响； 3. 作为在校学生你该如何选择和使用它们。52How to Make Use of Reference Books Nowadays there are too many kind