美国历史英语简介课件.pptx

1、welcome History of the United States Introduction The Discovery of America The War of Independence The American Civil War Westward Expansion The Great Depression Introduction to British and American CultureThe Discovery of America Columbus In 1492, Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands. Co

2、lumbus called the local people Indians. Introduction to British and American CultureAmerigo Vespucci阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为 America） He first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered. The New World was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci.Intr

3、oduction to British and American CultureThe First Permanent English Colony In 1607 Three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river-the James River. The first English colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Founding of the Th

4、irteen Colonies During the first 150 years, the British colonies in North America became a “melting pot”. By the early 1760s, English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Birth of the United States nThe Conflict between Britai

5、n and the American Colonists nThe War of Independence Introduction to British and American CultureThe Conflict between Britain and the American ColonistsnBackgroundqThe British government started imposing new taxes on sugar, coffee and textiles(纺织业) .qThey passed many laws such as the Quartering Act

6、 and the Stamp Act(印花税法 ). Introduction to British and American CultureBoston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件 nBackground qIn 1773, British government passed a new law-the Tea Act. nSlogan q “No taxation without representation”nTime qDecember 16, 1773 nEvent qA group of Americans threw 342 boxes of tea into Bosto

7、n Harbour(波士顿港）. Introduction to British and American CultureThe War of Independence Time On October 19, 1781 Result The British soldiers were forced to surrender. Consequences George Washington became the first President. The 4th of July became the national holiday of America- the Independence Day.

8、 Introduction to British and American Culture Complete a Timeline 1763: The French and Indian War ended 1773: _ 1774: The First Continental Congress 1775: _ 1776: _ 1781: _ Boston Tea Party/Tea ActThe War of Independence beganDeclaration of Independence was adoptedThe War of Independence ended Intro

9、duction to British and American CultureThe Declaration of Independence On July 4, 1776 the Second Continental Congress officially declared independence and formed the United States of America by adopting the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson（托马斯杰斐逊）of Virginia. (July 4 is cele

10、brated as the nations birthday.)Westward Expansion “Manifest Destiny” 西进运动 1. The hardship of early pioneer settlers Oregon Trail (俄勒冈小道俄勒冈小道) The trip on foot took four to six months. California Gold Rush加州淘金者 People traveled to California in the search for quick riches. The number of westwardmigra

11、nts multiplied.The American Civil War南北战争nNorthern vs. SouthernnAbraham Lincoln Introduction to British and American CultureNorthern vs. Southern Three significant conflicts between the North and South of America. The slave problem Different economic interests The political conflict Major issue Slav

12、ery Introduction to British and American CultureNorthern vs. Southern The Southern states Claimed for themselves the Confederate States (or the Confederacy) Slavery continued The Northern States Fought to maintain the Union Called the Union States Slavery had been abolished Introduction to British a

13、nd American CultureNorthern vs. SouthernIssuesSouthern StatesNorthern StatesEconomyPlantations_centerSlavery_AbolishedPolitical powerMore powerful_ powerfulSupportThe Confederacy_Manufacturing Continued Less The Union Introduction to British and American CultureAbraham Lincoln March 1861 - took the

14、office of the president. April 12, 1861-the Civil War began. September 22, 1862- issued the Emancipation Proclamation which granted freedom to about 4 million slaves. Made a famous speech in Gettysburg. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Civil War on April 9, 1865 The Civil War official

15、ly ended with the unconditional surrender of the South. Consequence It resolved two fundamental issues: Slavery was completely abolished; America became a single and stronger nation. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Great DepressionIn October 1929, the stock market crashed, marketing

16、the beginning of the Great Depression. During this time, the United States experienced deflation, unemployment soared from 3% in 1929 to 25% in 1933, and manufacturing output collapsed by one-third. Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother, depicts destitute pea pickers in CaliforniaFranklin Roosevelt and the

17、 New Deal 罗斯福新政罗斯福新政 Hoovers response to the depression President and Mrs. Roosevelt“First of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.” FDR and the Ear

18、ly Phases of the New DealTo bring immediate relief to those who were suffering Public Works AdministrationCivil Works AdministrationTo bring the economy back to prosperityAgricultural Adjustment AdministrationTennessee Valley AuthorityTo put safeguards in place so that the same situation would not o

19、ccur againFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationSecurities and Exchange Commission The Second New Deal The New Deal did not pull the nation out of the Great Depression However, it did substantially improve the lives of millions of people for both the short term and the long term. The programs of the

20、New Deal would help stabilize the country and bring hope to millions.US in the Second World WarsAfter World War II Became the strongest power in the world Introduction to British and American Culture World War IIIsolationism and NeutralityFirst they came for the communists,and I didnt speak out beca

21、use I wasnt a communist.Then they came for the trade unionists,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a trade unionist.Then they came for the Jews,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a Jew.Then they came for meand there was no one left to speak out for me.Immediate Cause of Americas entrance into WWII - the Japanese raid on the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941 THANK YOU