译林版九年级上英语语法课件.pptx

1、译林版九年级上译林版九年级上英语语法课件英语语法课件连接连接词词考点一考点一 并列连词并列连词 【考点探究考点探究】Mom, when shall we go to Weifang Museum this weekend? Oh, sorry. Im going to Beijing for a meeting. _ Saturday _. Sunday is OK.A. Neither; norB. Both; andC. Either; or D. Not only; but also分类分类连词连词并列并列关系关系and(和和; 与与), both. . . and(既既又又), not

2、 onlybut also(不但不但而且而且), neithernor(既不既不也也不不)转折转折关系关系but(但是但是), however(然而然而), while(然而然而)因果因果关系关系so(因此因此; 所以所以), because(因为因为), for(因为因为)选择选择关系关系or(还是还是; 否则否则), either. . . or(或者或者或者或者)【温馨提示温馨提示】1 . 两 对两 对 “ 冤 家 对 头冤 家 对 头 ” 不 能 同 时 出 现 在 一 个 句 子 中不 能 同 时 出 现 在 一 个 句 子 中 : although/though与与but; bec

3、ause与与so。2. and和和or的区分。的区分。(1)and用于肯定句中用于肯定句中, or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。例如用于否定句或选择疑问句中。例如: I like bread and milk for breakfast. 我早餐喜欢吃面包我早餐喜欢吃面包, 喝牛奶。喝牛奶。I dont like bread or milk for breakfast. 我早餐不喜欢吃面包我早餐不喜欢吃面包, 喝牛奶。喝牛奶。Would you like some tea or coffee? 你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡? (2)否定句中两部分都有否定词时用否定句中两部分都有否定词时用a

4、nd连接。例如连接。例如: Bill has no brothers and no sisters. =Bill has no brothers or sisters. 比尔没有兄弟姐妹。比尔没有兄弟姐妹。(3)句中含有句中含有without时时, 肯定句中用肯定句中用or, 否定句中用否定句中用and。例如。例如: We cant live without air and water. 没有空气和水没有空气和水, 我们无法生存。我们无法生存。Well die without air or water. 没有空气和水没有空气和水, 我们就会死亡。我们就会死亡。(4)and与与or(表示表示“否

5、则否则”)后面加陈述句都可以与后面加陈述句都可以与if引导的条引导的条件状语从句转换。例如件状语从句转换。例如: Get up quickly, or youll be late for school. =If you dont get up quickly, youll be late for school. 快点起床快点起床, 否则你上学会迟到。否则你上学会迟到。Work hard, and youll get good grades. =If you work hard, youll get good grades. 努力学习努力学习, 你会取得好成绩。你会取得好成绩。考点二考点二 从属

6、连词从属连词【考点探究考点探究】Frank lives a simple lifehe has lots of money. A. althoughB. becauseC. so D. if【用法表解用法表解】1. 引导宾语从句的从属连词引导宾语从句的从属连词that, if (whether)。例如例如: I know that the puppy is very clever. 我知道那条小狗很聪明。我知道那条小狗很聪明。We dont know if/whether it will rain tomorrow. 我们不知道明天是否下雨。我们不知道明天是否下雨。2. 引导状语从句的从属连词

7、。引导状语从句的从属连词。分类分类连词连词例句例句时间时间when, whenever, as, while, before, after, until, till, since, as soon asI will call you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你打电话。我一到家就给你打电话。地点地点where, whereverBob would like to go wherever he likes. 鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。原因原因as, because, sinceBill isnt at school because he

8、is ill. 比尔比尔没去上学因为他生病了。没去上学因为他生病了。目的目的so that, in order thatI came here so that I can buy a gift. 我来这儿是为了能买一件礼物。我来这儿是为了能买一件礼物。结果结果so/such. . . that. . . Its such a good book that Id like to see it again. 它是这么好的一本书以至于我它是这么好的一本书以至于我想再读一遍。想再读一遍。分类分类连词连词例句例句条件条件if, unlessWe wont give it up unless we run

9、 out of time. 我们不会放弃它我们不会放弃它, 除非我们用尽时间。除非我们用尽时间。让步让步although/though, even though, however, whateverAlthough he was young, he knows a lot about China. 虽然他很年轻虽然他很年轻, 他知道很多关于中国的事情。他知道很多关于中国的事情。比较比较than, as. . . as. . . Lucy is as old as me. 露西和我一样大。露西和我一样大。方式方式asYou must do as the teacher told you. 你必须

10、按你必须按老师告诉你的去做。老师告诉你的去做。【温馨提示温馨提示】1. 当当when, as soon as, after, before, until引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句的主句是一般将来时时的主句是一般将来时时, 从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如例如: Ill call you as soon as I get to Paris. 我一到巴黎就给你打电话。我一到巴黎就给你打电话。2. 当当if, unless引导的条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时时引导的条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时时, 从从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如句用一般现在时表

11、示一般将来时。例如: Ill go to the birthday party if Im free. 如果我有空如果我有空, 我就去生日派对。我就去生日派对。3. 当当if引导条件状语从句意为引导条件状语从句意为“如果如果”时时, 主句常用一般将来主句常用一般将来时或用祈使句时或用祈使句, 从句常用一般现在时从句常用一般现在时; 当当if意为意为“是否是否”时时, 相相当于当于whether, 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句, 此时从句的时态视主句的时态而此时从句的时态视主句的时态而定。例如定。例如: What should I do next if the rain doesnt stop? 如

12、果雨不停的话如果雨不停的话, 接下来我该做什么接下来我该做什么? I dont know if it is right for her. 我不知道这事对她是否恰当。我不知道这事对她是否恰当。1. (2013台州中考台州中考)Hurry up, you will be late for school. OK. Im coming. A. andB. butC. orD. so【解析解析】选选C。考查连词辨析。由句意。考查连词辨析。由句意“快点快点, 否则的话否则的话你上学会迟到。你上学会迟到。好的好的, 我这就来。我这就来。”可知可知C项符合句意。项符合句意。2. (2013雅安中考雅安中考)B

13、e quick, well be late for the meeting. A. and B. but C. so D. or【解析解析】选选D。考查连词用法。考查连词用法。and“和和; 又又; 并且并且”, 表并列或表并列或顺承顺承; but“但是但是”, 表转折表转折; so“所以所以”, 表结果表结果; or“否则否则”, 表表条件条件, 根据句意根据句意, 故选故选D。3. (2013青岛中考青岛中考)If you have trouble pronouncing these words, you can repeat them over and over againyou are

14、 comfortable with them. A. unlessB. if C. until D. while【解析解析】选选C。考查连词用法。句意。考查连词用法。句意: 如果这些单词你发音有如果这些单词你发音有困难困难, 你可以一遍遍地重复你可以一遍遍地重复, 直到你应付自如为止。只有直到你应付自如为止。只有until表示表示“直到直到才才”, 故选故选C。4. (2013重庆中考重庆中考)Ill go to visit my aunt in Englandthe summer holidays start. A. while B. sinceC. until D. as soon as【

15、解析解析】选选D。考查连词辨析。考查连词辨析。as soon as意为意为“一一就就”, 引导时间状语从句。根据句意引导时间状语从句。根据句意“暑假一开始我就去暑假一开始我就去英国看望姑姑。英国看望姑姑。”可以判断用可以判断用as soon as。故选。故选D。5. (大理中考大理中考)we dont save water, we will have no water to drink one day. A. WhereB. WhenC. Although D. If【解析解析】选选D。考查连词用法。句意。考查连词用法。句意: 如果我们不节约用水如果我们不节约用水, 有一天我们将没有水喝。有一

16、天我们将没有水喝。if“如果如果”, 引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。状语从句状语从句一、状语从句概说一、状语从句概说1、在句中作状语用的从句叫状语从句。、在句中作状语用的从句叫状语从句。2、状语从句可修饰谓语，非谓语动词、状语从句可修饰谓语，非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。定语、状语或整个句子。 3、引导状语从句的一般为连词，也可有、引导状语从句的一般为连词，也可有词组。词组。 4、状语从句可以在句首，也可在句中或、状语从句可以在句首，也可在句中或句末。句末。 5、状语从句按其用途可有时间、地点、状语从句按其用途可有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、比原因、目的、结果、让步、方

17、式、比较等九种。较等九种。6、状语从句中的将来时，一般不用将来、状语从句中的将来时，一般不用将来时。（一般将来时用一般现在时、将时。（一般将来时用一般现在时、将来完成时用现在完成时、过去将来时来完成时用现在完成时、过去将来时用一般过去时、过去将来完成时用过用一般过去时、过去将来完成时用过去完成时表示。去完成时表示。) 二、重二、重 点点 1、时间状语从句、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有：引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, h a r d l y h a d w h e n , s c a rc e l y h

18、ad when, no sooner had than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等，例如：等，例如： 如果把如果把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely置于句首，它所连带的这部分就置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：要倒装，如： No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted. (She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted.)2、地点状语从句、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词有引导

19、地点状语从句的连词有where, wherever (no matter where) 等，例如：等，例如： Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我我住的地方树很多。住的地方树很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。不管我在哪里我都会想到你。Bamboo grows well where it is warm and wet.You may go wherever you like.有时，有时，- where构成的复合词也可以引导地构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：点状

20、语从句，如：Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.Well go anywhere the Party directs us.3、原因状语从句、原因状语从句(1) 引导原因状语从句的连词有引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as , now that(2) because, since, as, for 用法比较：用法比较：一）一）. because: 语气最强，回答语气最强，回答why时用时用because，所表示所表示的是直接理由，因果关的是直接理由，因果关系不能同系不能同s

21、o连用。连用。 Why are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.二）二）. since: “既然既然.” 表对方已知的事实或理表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。由，常放在句首。 Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.三）三）. as: “由于由于.” 语气较弱，较口语化，表语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。 As he had been ready for the

22、 worst, he was not disappointed at the result.四）四）. for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；for不能放在句首。不能放在句首。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.4、条件状语从句、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词有：引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless, (if not) , on condition that , as long as。 注意注意：有时可以把

23、祈使句作为条件从句，：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配祈使句后面要搭配and，如：，如： Come tomorrow, and I will tell you. Persevere and you will succeed. Give him an inch and hell take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, hell take a mile. )但但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或或otherwise， 如：如：Make up your mind, or youll miss the chance

24、.Start at once, or / otherwise youll miss the train. (= If you dont start at once, ) (= Unless you start at once, youll miss the train.)5、目的、结果状语从句、目的、结果状语从句 （1）引导目的状语从句的连词有）引导目的状语从句的连词有so that, in order that; 引导结果状语从句的连词有引导结果状语从句的连词有so.that, such.that（2）.so that., in order that.引导目引导目的状语从句时，从句中常有的状

25、语从句时，从句中常有can, could, may, might, would（3）so + 形容词形容词/副词副词/分词分词 + that引导结果引导结果状语从句状语从句 such + (形容词形容词) + 名词名词 + that引导结果状引导结果状语从句语从句 He worked so hard that he made great progress. The book is so interesting that I have read it twice. （4）such + a/an +形容词形容词+单数可数名词单数可数名词+ that引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句 so +形容词形

26、容词+ a/ an +单数可数名词单数可数名词+ that引引导结果状语从句导结果状语从句 注意：只有单数可数名词才有这两种表达注意：只有单数可数名词才有这两种表达方式。方式。 Its such a fine day that we all want to go outing. = Its so fine a day that we all want to go outing.（5）如果修饰名词的形容词为）如果修饰名词的形容词为many, few, much, little时，前面则用时，前面则用so，例如：，例如： so many +名词名词+ that ； so few +名词名词+ th

27、at so much +名词名词+ that ； so little +名词名词+ that 比较：比较： s o m a n y / f e w f l o w e r s such nice flowersso much / little money such rapid progressso many people such a lot of peopleThere were so many people in the bus that I could hardly move.She put so much butter and sugar in the cake that I didn

28、t dare to eat too much. 6、让步状语从句、让步状语从句 （ 1 ） 引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 的 连 词 有 ：） 引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 的 连 词 有 ：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however)（2）whoever, whatever, whichever还可引导还可引导名词从句。而名词从句。而no ma

29、tter who/ what/ which 只能引导让步状语从句只能引导让步状语从句 He didnt want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him. = He didnt want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him. Ill give the books to whoever needs them. 由由as, that, though引导的特殊让步状语从引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：句结构：在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用的含义

30、，可用as引导让步从句。但引导让步从句。但as一般一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（于句首。（though, that与与as一样，也可以一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：用于这种结构），如下面几种情况： 表语的倒装：表语的倒装： Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. Tall as / though he was, he couldnt reach the top shelf. 状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰

31、语）等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. 谓语动词的倒装：谓语动词的倒装： Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness.7、方式状语从句、方式状语从句1、方式状语从句通常由、方式状语从句通常由 as, as if, as though 来引导，如：来引导，如：

32、You must do the exercises as I show you. Please do exactly as your doctor says. He acted as / though nothing had happened. He walked as if he was / were drunk. Mary was behaving as though she hadnt grown up.2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用 the way (that) (= as = in the way in which), how, like等来引导，如：

33、等来引导，如： Jean doesnt do it the way I do. She is doing her work the way I like it done. You can do the job how you like.The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.Do you make bread like you make cakes? 8、比较状语从句、比较状语从句1）比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词）比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。的原级、比较级、

34、最高级的句子中。 原级：原级： as as not so / as as 比较级比较级: 比较级比较级+ than 最高级：最高级： 最高级最高级+in / of / among 2） no more than 和和 not more than no more than - only 只不过，仅仅只不过，仅仅(嫌嫌少的含义少的含义) not more than -less than 不多于，不不多于，不到（说明客观事实）到（说明客观事实） His education added up to no more than one year. (only one year,太短了，有感情色彩太短了，有

35、感情色彩) They finished the project in not more than one year. (less than one year, 不到一年，只说明不到一年，只说明客观事实，没有感情色彩客观事实，没有感情色彩)3）两者中）两者中 “较较.的一个用的一个用the + 比较级比较级 The younger of the twin sisters is more consideration三、难点与易错点三、难点与易错点 1、as, when, while 的用法与区别：的用法与区别： when: 引导状语从句，表示主句、从句的动作引导状语从句，表示主句、从句的动作或状态

36、同时、之前、之后发生。或状态同时、之前、之后发生。 When they arrived, it was already midnight 从句和主句的动作同时发生，可用从句和主句的动作同时发生，可用as，但，但不可用不可用while，因为，因为arrived是非延续的动词是非延续的动词 When the clock struck eleven, all the lights went out. 从句的动作在主句之前发生。只能用从句的动作在主句之前发生。只能用when。 When he ran to the stop, the bus had gone. 从句动作在主句动作之后发生，只可用从句动

37、作在主句动作之后发生，只可用when。、when = and then,作并列连词，连接作并列连词，连接两个分句两个分句,when前通常有逗号。意为前通常有逗号。意为“这时这时. 就在这时就在这时.“ I was wandering in the street, when suddenly I caught sight of one of my old friends. while 、while意思是意思是during the whole of the time that,指在一段时间里，所引导的指在一段时间里，所引导的从句中的动词是延续性的，可译为从句中的动词是延续性的，可译为“在在.期间，

38、期间， 在在.之时之时” She visited a lot of places while she stayed in U.S. He felt asleep while he was watching TV.、while可用作并列连词，连接两个分句，可用作并列连词，连接两个分句，表表“对比，不同对比，不同”。中文常备翻译为。中文常备翻译为“而而.” My son likes to watch boxing games while I would rather listen to music.as多用于动作发生时间较短时，常有多用于动作发生时间较短时，常有“正正当当.之时之时”之意之意 Sh

39、e fell of the bus as she got down. 表表“边边边边”或或“随着随着.”之意时常用之意时常用as He whistled as he rode on. As time went on, he became less active. as表表 “由于由于.” 引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句 Im not going out as I have a lot to do. as用于表用于表“虽然虽然”的倒装句中。的倒装句中。 Young as she is, she is already a professor. Child as he is, he knows a

40、 lot.2、since的用法：的用法：since表从过去某一时间或动作、事情起表从过去某一时间或动作、事情起到目前为止，到目前为止，“自自.以以 来来”、引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时、引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时（或现在完成进行时）时，从句中用一（或现在完成进行时）时，从句中用一般过去时。般过去时。 Ive been living here since I came to Beijing. .、常用句型：、常用句型： it is (has been).+ since +一般过去时一般过去时 It is five years since I began to learn English

41、.3、until与与till的用法与区别：的用法与区别：、until/ till 修饰的谓语动词为延续性动修饰的谓语动词为延续性动词。在句首时多用词。在句首时多用until. Lets wait till / until the rain stops Until then, I knew nothing at all about it.、主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，应、主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，应用用 not.until.句型句型 She didnt come back until this morning. not.until的倒装句和强调句。的倒装句和强调句。 He didnt st

42、op until he had finished all his work 倒装句倒装句: Not until he had finished all his work did he stop. 强调句强调句: It was not until he had finished all his work that he stopped. 【例1】 Mark isnt coming to the concert _ he has got too much work to do.Aso Buntil Calthough Dbecause点拨：“太多工作要做”是“没有来音乐会”的原因。答案：_【例2】

43、You bought the car about ten years ago?Yes._ its old，it still runs well.ABecause BSince CAlthough DBut点拨：考查让步状语从句。句意“尽管旧了，但它运转很好”。答案：_ 状语从句状语从句D D C C 【例3】 We will have no water to drink _ we dont protect the Earth. Auntil Bbefore Cthough Dif 点拨：考查if引导的条件状语从句。句意“如果我们不保护地球，我们将没有水喝。” 答案：_ 【例4】 I enjoy

44、 fresh air so I always with the window open _ it is really cold. Aunless Bwhen Cif Dsince 点拨：句意“我喜欢新鲜空气，因此我总是让窗户开着，除非真的很冷。”故unless“除非”符合题意。 答案：_状语从句状语从句D D A A 【例5】 Zhou Libo is Shanghais favorite funny man.He is good at making people laugh.His lively shows were _ hot that tickets were sold out in m

45、inutes. Avery Btoo Csuch Dso 点拨：句中的句型为sothat意为“如此以至于”，so用来修饰形容词或副词；such也构成这一句型，但such用来修饰名词。 答案：_ 状语从句状语从句D D If引导的从句引导的从句由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. I want to know _ . （他是否跟我们一起去公园）他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. Ask him _ . （他是否能来）他是否能来） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he ca

46、n comeIf 与whether 的区别1. I dont know _ he will come or not.2. I dont care of _ he is handsome.3. He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4. _ he will come is not decided. 与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whetherIf引导的宾语从句练习题引导的宾语从句练习题1 I dont kno

47、w _ they have passed the exam. A.what B. if C. when D. where2. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take3 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may BABII. 按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China?

48、Could you tell us?（改写句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.if/whetherenjoysif/whethercameA: What will you be if you grow up? B: I will be a teacher. A: Why?B: If I am a te

49、acher, I will teach some children. If 引导条件状语从句引导条件状语从句 If 引导条件状语从句 If I have enough money, I will travel around the world. =I will travel around the world if I have enough money.if 引导的条件状语从句u主将从现 u祈使句 u情态动词I will sing a song if I am happy.Dont cross the road if the light is red.You must stop if the

50、traffic light is red.语法语法1：if（如果）引导的条件状（如果）引导的条件状语从句语从句一、用所给词的适当形式填空一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.If you _(feel) tired, you _ (have) to have a rest.2. Where _ he _(see) the film if he _(have) time?3. If there _(be) fewer trees, there _( be) more pollution.4. He _(dress) more casually if he _ ( not work) on weekend