中医文化简介PPT课件.ppt

1、cycindy版权版权下载可改下载可改TodayIts time to know moreAbout itTheoretical SystemYin And Yangthe law of nature Everything in the universe contains yin and yang dynamicbrighthotfunctionaletc.staticdarkcoldsubstantialetc Yin YangThe Five Element Theorynatural philosophy in ancient Chinageneration generation gen

2、eration generation generation restrictionrestrictionrestrictionThe relationships of generation, restriction restrictionrestrictionBasic substances to constitute the universe the nature of growing freelythe nature of flaring up the nature of giving birth to all things the nature of purifying and desc

3、ending the nature of moisteningliver eye east heart lingua south spleen mouth middle lung nose west kidney ear north 七情指的是人的精神活动。中医把它们归为七类：喜、怒、哀、思、悲、惊、恐。在正常情况下，它们是人体对环境刺激的不同反应，属于正常的生理活动，不会致病。当突然、强烈、持久的精神刺激超出了人体的适应力和忍受力，情感刺激就会成为致病因素，引起气、血和脏腑的功能失调和阴阳失衡，从而导致疾病。这就是“内伤七情”。 中医云：“怒伤肝；喜伤心；忧伤肺；思伤脾；惊恐伤肾”。异常情绪

4、主要影响内脏气的活动，导致气的升降失常。 具体的说“怒则气上；喜则气缓；悲则气消；恐则气下；惊则气乱；思则气结”。 The Four Diagnostic MethodsInspection 察色是观察面部的颜色和光泽的一种诊断方法。中医将面色分为青、黄、红、白、黑，也称为“五色”，面色的改变可以提示疾病的性质和部位。总的来说，色红提示热证；色白提示寒证和虚证；黄色提示虚证和湿证；青色提示痛证、寒证、血瘀和痉证；黑色提示肾虚、血瘀和水液停滞。望还包括对体质的观察。观察体质的强弱、肥瘦和动静姿势可以发现不同的疾病。望舌是中医独特的诊断步骤。通常用观察舌质和舌苔的改变来确定正气的盛衰和疾病的部位，

5、区分病邪的性质，推断疾病的严重程度。 The observation of complexion is a diagnostic method for inspecting the colour and lustre of the face. TCM divides the facial colours into blue, yellow, red, pale and black, also known as the five colours, whose changes may indicates the nature and the location of a disease. Gener

6、ally speaking, red complexion indicates heat syndromes; white complexion indicates cold and deficiency syndrome; yellow complexion deficiency and dampness syndromes; blue complexion suggests pain and cold syndrome,blood stasis and convulsion; and black complexion hints deficiency of the kidney, bloo

7、d stasis and fluid retention. Inspection also includes observation of the physical build. By the observation of sturdiness, weakness, obesity or emaciation as well as the posture of the movement and stillness, different kinds of diseases may he found out. And, in particular, the observation of the t

8、ongue is a unique procedure in TCM diagnosis. It is used to observe the changes of the tongue proper and the tongue coating so as to determine the abundance or decline of vital qi, tell the location of a disease, distinguish the nature of pathogenic factors and infer the degree of seriousness of a d

9、isease.Auscultation and Olfaction 另外一种诊断方法是听和嗅。听意味着听病人的声音、言语、呼吸、咳嗽和呻吟。通过听，医生不仅可以了解发音器官的变化，还可以推断内脏器官的病理改变。嗅指的湿闻病人分泌物和排泄物的气味。扩展来说，臭气通常提示实热证；恶臭提示虚寒证；腐味和酸味暗示食滞。 Another diagnostic method is auscultation and olfaction. Auscultation means listening to the patients voice, speaking, respiration, coughing an

10、d moaning. By auscultation, the doctor can not only learn about the changes of the phonatory organ, but also infer the pathological changes of the internal organs. While olfaction means smelling the patients odor of the secretion and excretion. By and large, stench odor usually indicates heat syndro

11、mes of excess; stinking（烂醉） odor suggests cold syndromes of deficiency; and foul and sour odor implies retention of food.Inquiry 这是一种向病人及其同伴询问和收集有关疾病信息的一种诊断方法。医生还应通过询问了解疾病的发生、过程、诊断和治疗。以下是现病史的询问列表：A.问寒热B.问汗 C.问饮食 D.问二便 E.问痛 F.问睡眠This is a diagnostic method in which the patient or his companion are in

12、quired to collect the information concerning a disease. Here is an outline of inquiring about the present illness: A. Asking about Chills and FeverB. Asking about PerspirationC. Asking about Diet and AppetiteD. Asking about Defecation and UrinationE. Questioning about PainF. Questioning ahout SleepP

13、ulse-taking and Palpation 这是第四种诊断方法，包括切脉和按压身体的其它部位。前者是通过医生的指尖感觉患者桡侧腕部动脉以判断脉的状况的一个诊断步骤，从而了解和推断疾病的状况。后者也是医生通过触摸、感觉、推和按身体的一定部位，检查局部异常改变的一个步骤，因此，可以确定疾病的部位和性质。 It is the fourth diagnostic methnd, including pulse-taking and, on the other, palpation of different parts of the body. The former is a diagnosti

14、c procedure by which the physician may feel the patients radial arteries with the finger-tips to judge pulse condition, thus learning and inferring the condition of illness. The latter is also a procedure by which the physician may touch, feel, push and press certain parts of the body to detect loca

15、l abnormal changes, thereby determining the location and nature of the disease. Medical ClassicMing Dynasty Ben Cao Gang Mu 581-682 AD Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang Han Dynasty Western Jin Dynasty Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing Shang Han Lun 2,000 years ago Huang Di Nei jing 2000多年前出现的黄帝内经是中国现存的最早医著。该书对人和自然的关系、人体的

16、生理及病理、疾病的预防和诊治等方面进行了系统全面的说明。同时它运用阴阳和五行理论全面阐述了因时、因地、因人而异辩证论治的原则并且表达了整体观念的思想即把人体看作一个整体，把人与其周围的环境看作一个整体。这为中医理论的形成奠定了初步的基础。More than 2,000 years ago, came out Huangdis Classic on Medicine( Huang Di Nei jing ), which is the earliest medical classic extant in China. The book gives a complete and systemati

17、c exposition to the following various subjects : the relationship between man and nature, the physiology and pathology of the human body, and the diagnosis, treatment and prevention ot diseases. It also uses the theories of yin-yang and the five elements to deal fully with the principles of treatmen

18、t by differentiation of syndromes (TDS) according to the climatic and seasonal conditions, geographical localities and individual constitution. Hence（ giving expression） to the holistic concept of taking the human body as an organic whole and taking the human body with the surrounding environment as

19、 the integrity. It laid a preliminary foundation for the theoretical formation of TCM.Ming Dynasty Ben Cao Gang Mu 581-682 AD Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang Han Dynasty Western Jin Dynasty Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing Shang Han Lun 2,000 years ago Huang Di Nei jing 汉朝（公元前3世纪）的张仲景是一位著名的医家，著有伤寒杂病论。该书被后人分为两部分，名为伤寒论和

20、金匱要略。该书建立了辩证论治的原则及技术数据系统，因此，为临床医学的发展奠定了基础。In the Han Dynasty (3rd century AD ), Zhang Zhongjing, an outstanding physician, wrote Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases ( Shang Han Za Bing Lun ), which is divided into two books by later generations, one is entitled Treatise onFebrile Diseases

21、, ( Shang Han Lun ) , the other Synopsis of Prescriptions of Golden Cabinet (Jin Kui Yao Lue ) . The book established the pnriciple of TDS（Treatment of Differentiation Syndromes；Technical Data System 技术数据系统）, thereby laying a foundation for the development of clinical medicine.Ming Dynasty Ben Cao G

22、ang Mu 581-682 AD Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang Han Dynasty Western Jin Dynasty Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing Shang Han Lun 2,000 years ago Huang Di Nei jing 西金时期的著名医家皇浦谧编辑的针灸甲乙经由12卷128章组成，包括349个穴位。它是现存最早的针灸学专著，也是针灸史上最具影响力的著作之一。In the Western Jin Dynasty. Huang Fumi, a famous physician, compiled A-B Classic of Ac

23、upuncture and Moxibustion (Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing ) The book consists of 12 volumes with 128 chapters, including 349 acupoints. It is the earliest extant work dealing exclusively with acupuncture and moxibustion and one of the most influential works in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion.Ming D

24、ynasty Ben Cao Gang Mu 581-682 AD Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang Han Dynasty Western Jin Dynasty Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing Shang Han Lun 2,000 years ago Huang Di Nei jing 孙思邈（公元前581682年）倾其一生精力撰写了两部著作，分别是备急千金药方和千金翼方.书中涉及了医理总论、中药、妇产科、儿科、针灸、方药饮食及养生等医学的不同分支。两本著作都是唐代医学的代表作。孙思邈因此被后世誉为“方药之祖”。Sun Simiao (581-682 AD) d

25、evoted all his life to writing out the two books: Valuable Prescriptions for Emergencies (Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang ) and Supplement to Valuable Prescriptions ( Qian Jin Yi Fang) . The hooks deal with general medical theory, materia medica, gynecology and obstetrics, pediatrics, acupuncture and moxib

26、ustion, diet, health preservationand prescriptions for various branches of medicine. Both books are recognized as representative works of medicine in the Tang Dynasty. Sun Simiao was honored by later generations as the king of herbal medicine.Ming Dynasty Ben Cao Gang Mu 581-682 AD Bei Ji Qian Jin Y

27、ao Fang Han Dynasty Western Jin Dynasty Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing Shang Han Lun 2,000 years ago Huang Di Nei jing Li Shizhen (1518-1593 AD), a famous physician and pharmacologist in the Ming Dynasty, wrote The Compendium of Materia Medica ( Ben Cao Gang Mu ). The book consists of 52 volumes with 1,892 me

28、dicinal herbs, including over 10,000 prescriptions and 1,000 illustrations of medicinal items. In addition, his book also deals with botany, zoology, mineralogy, physics, astronomy, meteorology, etc. It is really a monumental work in Materia Medica. It is a great contribution to the development of p

29、harmacology both in China and all over the world.李时珍（公元前15181593年）是汉朝著名的内科医生及药师，撰写了本草纲目。该书共有52卷，记载了1892种药，10000首方剂和1000条医理注释。另外该书还涉及了植物学、动物学、地质学、 药理学、天文学、气象学等学科，是一部真正的药物学不朽著作。它对中国乃至全世界药学的发展作出了巨大的贡献。 Medicament 【plant】 【animal】 【mineral】【养生Tip】 枸杞全身是宝，明李时珍记载：“春采枸杞叶，名天精草；夏采花，名长生草；秋采子，名枸杞子；冬采根，名地骨皮”。本草

30、纲目中“久服坚筋骨，轻身不老，耐寒暑”。 现代药理学研究证实枸杞子可调节机体免疫功能、能有效抑制肿瘤生长和细胞突变、具有延缓衰老、抗脂肪肝、调节血脂和血糖、促进造血功能等方面的作用，并应用于临床。 富含多种氨基酸、维生素、矿物质，其中维生素C含量比橙子高，-胡萝卜素比胡萝卜高、Fe含量比牛排高。名副其实的小人参果。枸杞食用法：生食，煎汤，熬膏，浸酒。枸杞可像普通食品一样加入茶水、粥饭、羹汤、菜肴里常服，却无滋腻、 枸杞生火等弊端。春季可单服，也可与黄芪煮水喝；夏季宜与菊花、金银花、胖大海和冰糖一起泡水喝，常服可以消除眼疲劳；秋季宜与雪梨、百合、银耳、山楂等制成羹类；冬季宜与桂圆、大枣、山药等搭配煮粥。