Unit2 Grammar构词法ppt课件-（2019）新外研版高中英语必修第一册.rar

Unit 2 Word formationWord formationTeaching aims:1. To explore some rules of word formation. 2. To improve the students abilities to guess the meanings of the words.3. To enlarge the students vocabulary.Activity 1 aNeitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.bsculptasculpturecWhenweseerain,wecansay“itsraining”dWHOdcbaREVIEW： ： Word formation1 abbreviating 缩写2 changing the part of speech 词性3 adding a prefix 前缀 or suffix 后缀4 combinng two or more wordsFinish exercises on the paper individually. Discuss exercises on the paper in groups.我展示，我骄傲，我自豪我展示，我骄傲，我自豪Answer !Doubt!Add!Correct!概述概述 概念概念：把单词通过：把单词通过词性转化、合成或添加前缀、词性转化、合成或添加前缀、后缀后缀构成新词的方法，叫构词法构成新词的方法，叫构词法 种类：种类：在英语中在英语中,词的构成法主要有四种词的构成法主要有四种: 合成、转化、派生、缩略合成、转化、派生、缩略一. 派生法 1. 概念：由词根加上词缀构成新词的方法叫做派生法。 2. 分类：词缀分为前缀和后缀。 3. 常见前缀 1）a- 意义: 处在状态中 asleepaliveawake 2) tele- 意义：远距离的 telephone television telescope 3) inter- 意义：相互的 Internet international interact 4）in-, im-, il-, ir- 意义：不，无，非；把形容词变成反义词 informal independent impatient impossible illegal illogical 5)un- 意义：不，无，非，未；把形容词变成反义词 uncertainunpopularunimportant 6) dis- 意义：不，非，相反；把形容词、动词变成反义词 disagreedisappear dishonest 7) non- 意义：不，无，非；把名词变成反义词 non-stopnon-smoker non-profit 4. 常见后缀 1）-er/-or/-ar意义：做的人或物；词根为动作动词 baker cooker inventor actor beggarliar 2）-ce意义：表行动或状况；动作名词化 difference preferenceappearance entrance 3）-ion, -ation, -tion, -sion意义：的行为或状态；动作名词化 introduction suggestion information admission decision 4）-ment 意义：的行为/结果；动作名词化 agreement development movement 5) ness意义：状态/性质；形容词特征名词化 clevernesskindness weakness 6) ure意义：过程/行动/结果；动作名词化 pleasure failure signature 7）-ship意义：的状态/情况/关系/资格 friendshipleadershiphardship 8）-an, -ian意义：ian在某一领域有专长的人，an-地方的人 musician Europeanphysician 9）-ist意义：从事某学科研究的人 artist physicist tourist 10）-ess意义：女 actress waitress hostess 11) y 意义：有特征的，充满的；名词变形容词 sunnyicytasty 12）-al, -ial 意义：具有特性的；名词变形容词 musicalmedicalnatural 13）-ful意义：充满的，有倾向的；名词变形容词 careful successful thankful 14) less意义：无，不；名词变形容词 carelessuselesshomeless 15）-ize意义：使化；形容词使动用法 realizeapologizepopularize 16）-en意义：使变得；形容词使动用法 deepen shortenweaken二、转化法1. 概念：转化法是指一个单词词形不变而改变词词性的构词法。2. 转化方法： 1）动词转化为名词 dress v. 穿衣服 n.连衣裙 cook v. 做饭n. 厨师; smell v. 闻起来 n.味道 2) 名词转化为动词 book n.书 v.预定 ship n.船 v.船运 water n. 水 v. 浇水 hand n.手 v.交给 3) 形容词转化为动词 slow a.慢的 v. 减速 free a. 自由的v.释放 4) 形容词转化为名词 safe a.安全的 n.保险箱 patient a.耐心的 n. 病人 5) 形容词转化为副词 hard a. 艰苦的/坚硬的/难得 ad.努力地/用力地 high a. 高的，高地 ad. 高度地三、合成法 1. 概念：合成法是指用两个或两个以上的词构成新词的构词法。 2. 分类： 1）合成名词 bookstore highway reading room overcoat handwriting get-together (书店，高速公路，阅览室，外套，书法，聚会) 2) 合成形容词 形容词+名词+-ed kind-hearted left-handed （心地善良的，左撇子的） 副词+过去分词 well-known newly-married (著名的，新婚的) 名词+现在分词 English-speaking peace-loving (说英语的，热爱和平的) 名词+过去分词 manmade snow-covered (人造的，被雪覆盖的) 3）合成副词 howevermaybeeverywhere 4) 合成代词 something nobodyeverything 5) 合成动词 sunbathe sleepwalk underline (沐日光浴， 梦游， 在 下划线)四、缩写和简写 缩略法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。 1.截头截头 telephone-phone / aeroplane-plane 2.去尾去尾examination-exam / laboratory-lab 3.截头去尾截头去尾 refrigerator-fridgeinfluenze- flu 4. 截取：截取：motel /sitcom/ FedEx/ smog /motor hotel/ situation comedy/the federal express/ smoke frog 5. 首字母缩略法首字母缩略法即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。 kilometers per hourVery Important Person identity card postscriptTesting of English as a Foreign Language (kph, VIP, ID card, PS , TOEFL)Activity 2penfriendwell-knownincorrectunhappyimprovementcalmpresentingWTOASAP rain(形容词形容词) _ agree(反义反义)_ nation(形容词形容词)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ job(形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ access(形容词形容词) _ eight(八十八十)_ true(名词名词)_ kind(名词名词)_ China(形容词形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreightykindnessdisagreefarmerfriendlyjoblessaccessibletruthChinesePractice (II) 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Harry Potter is a boy who is full of _ (imagine)2. _ (congratulate)! You have done so well in the game.3. I received a letter of _ (invite) but I didnt accept it.4. His late _(arrive) made a mess of our plan.5. To the _(amaze) of the parents, their child can look after himself without their help.6. He did exercise to _ (strong) his muscles.7. I went out to _( breath) the fresh air.8. Dont take his words _ (serious); he was just kidding.9. The boy felt _ (comfort) with his new classmates, so he seldom spoke.10. The _(popular) of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new.11. The boys _ (usual) behavior puzzled the doctor.12. He _ (like) those who are not well-behaved.13. He was _ (formal) dressed in a blue silk shirt open to the neck.imaginationCongratulationsinvitation arrivalamazementstrengthen breatheseriouslyuncomfortablepopularityunusual dislikes informallyPractice (III) 用括号中所给单词的用括号中所给单词的否定否定形式填空：形式填空：1. It is _ (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol.2. _(lead) advertisement are not allowed by law.3. The _(expect) death of her son made her sad.4. He was scolded for his _(acceptable) behavior.5. If it is not _(convenient) to you, I should like to call on you tonight.6. He was unlucky. No matter what he does, he was always _(succeed)7. It was _(polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye.8. I am afraid I have to _(agree) with you on the issue.9. Paralympic Games (残奥会残奥会) are held for the _ (able).10. It was _ (polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye. illegal Misleadingunexpectedunacceptableinconvenientunsuccessful impolite disagree disabled impoliteThanks for listening !Activity 1Can you find more examples of each type in the reading passage?1 abbreviating:IT,US2changing the part of speech:Whenweseesnow,wecansay“itssnowing”.3adding a prefix or suffix:paintpainting,hardhardly,softsoftly,harmharmless/harmful,shameshameless/shameful,visibleinvisible4combining two or more words:hamburger,eggplant,seasick,airsick,carsick,homesick,homework,housework