Unit 4 Friends forever 单元知识点梳理-（2019）新外研版高中英语必修第一册.docx

1、Unit 4 Key words and phrases1.forever adv.永远(1)live forever 永远活着；永生(2)be lost forever 永远消失(3)last forever 永远持续；万古长青；千秋万世；持续到永远I wanted that moment to last forever.我希望那一刻成为永远。I hope our friendship will_last_forever.我希望我们的友谊长存。2familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的(教材P37)With no familiar faces in view.看不到熟悉的面孔(1)sb. b

2、e familiar with sth. 某人对某物熟悉(2)sth. be familiar to sb. 某物对某人来说是熟悉的(3)be on familiar terms with 与交情好I am familiar with his style of design.His style of design is familiar to me.我很熟悉他的设计风格。Are you on familiar terms with Mr. Johnson?你和约翰逊先生交情好吗？(1)Small color choices are the ones were most familiar wit

3、h.(2)None of us has ever been there, so the local customs are not so familiar to any of us.3adventure n奇遇；冒险(教材P37)And the adventures weve been through.我们经历的冒险。(1)adventure stories 冒险故事(2)a spirit of adventure 冒险精神(3)in search of adventures (去)探险(4)set out on an adventure 去冒险Life can be so wonderful

4、, full of adventure and joy.生活可以如此多彩，充满奇遇和欢乐。Jason was determined not to go against their fathers wishes but Mark was more_adventurous (adventure) than his brother.4.prefer v更喜欢；宁愿(1)prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B(2)prefer doing. (to doing.) 宁愿做(而不愿做)(3)prefer to do sth. 宁愿做某事(4)prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事(

5、5)prefer that sb. (should) do sth. 宁愿某人做某事(6)prefer to do. rather than do.would rather do. than do. 宁愿做而不愿意做搭配have a preference for喜爱，偏爱2018江苏卷阅读Unlike fastfood places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.与快餐场所不同，高级餐厅更喜欢顾客逗留更长时间并消费。The boss prefers to reduce the sales rather

6、than cut the costs.老板宁愿减少销量也不愿降低成本。That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.那就是鱼儿喜欢浅水而不喜欢深水的原因，因为前者更暖和。5advance vt.前进，进步n进展(1)in advance (ahead of time) 提前；预先in advance of. 在之前；比先进make an advance in (doing) sth. 在某方面取得进步(2)advanced adj. 高级的；先进的He wanted to boo

7、k a ticket for the football match in advance, but missed the chance.他想提前订一张足球赛的票，但错过了机会。In the near future, scientists will make an advance in robot technology.在不久的将来，科学家将在机器人技术方面取得进步。Their equipment isnt as advanced as ours.他们的设备不如我们的先进。(1)We had to pay the rent two weeks in advance.(2)England was

8、once one of the most advanced (advance) industrial nations in the world.6enable v使可能，使能够(1)enable sb. to do 使某人有能力做某事(2)able adj. 有能力的be able to do sth. 有能力做某事A new programme can enable the elderly to study at college.一个新的计划使老年人能够在大学学习。I wish I had been able to talk about it with him when he was her

9、e last night.我真希望昨晚他在的时候我能和他谈谈这件事。(1)Only teamwork will enable (able) us to get the job done on time.(2)Jane laughs loudly, which enables us to_know (know) her coming before she turns up.be able to do sth 能做某事have the ability to do sth 有做某事的能力7meaningful adj.有意义的(1)mean to do. 打算做(2)mean doing. 意味着T

10、his new order means working overtime.这个新订单意味着要加班。I dont mean to say we are perfect.我不打算说我们已经十全十美了。(1)To take it apart now will mean wasting (waste) a lot of labour.(2)Anybody could see that he meant (mean) no harm.(3)Ive been meaning to_ask (ask) you if you want to come for a meal next week.【Extensi

11、on】1)（看看就行）“en”作为词缀表示“使；使能够”前缀en：enable“enable”“使能力”使能够；使有机会enrich使丰富；使更富裕enlarge使增大；使扩大后缀en：shorten“shorten”“短使”使缩短sharpen使锋利broaden使变宽；拓宽2)meanmeaning n意思；含义means nC(pl. means)手段；方法；工具by this meansin this way用这种方法发散思维：tendency n倾向；偏好；趋势Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape s

12、tudent behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults.此处，大学监督和塑造学生行为的趋势与年轻人的另一个特点背道而驰3)易错提示：“疑问词ever”既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句的whoever相当于anyone who，anybody who；whatever相当于anything that。在这种情况下，whoever，whatever相当于定语从句中的“先行词关系代词”。I would like to see whoever_(anyone_who) is not bus

13、y now.谁现在不忙，我就要见谁。Well try to give them whatever_(anything_that) they want.我们会尽力给他们想要的任何东西。4)易错提示：even if和even though引导让步状语从句，不可和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。8.tend v易于；往往会(1)tend to do sth. 往往会发生某事；易于做某事(2)tend towards. 有的趋势；倾向于(3)tend (to) sb./sth. 照料/照管某人/某事People tend to get together with their familie

14、s in the weeklong holiday.人们往往会在这个为期一周的假期和家人相聚。In my eyes, his views on many problems tend towards the extreme.依我看来，他在许多问题上的看法趋于偏激。(1)When Im tired, I tend to_make (make) mistakes.(2)Prices have_been_tending (tend) upwards over recent years.9lost track of失去联系keep track of保持联系I dont know when I lost

15、track of him.我不知道何时与他失去了联系。The bank helps you keep track of where your money is going.银行有助于你了解你的资金去向。(1)After we graduated, I lost_track_of all my high school friends.自毕业后，我就和所有高中朋友失去了联系。(2)Keeping_track_with friends means you dont want to lose them.与朋友保持联系意味着你不想失去他们。10. deliver v. 递送，传送deliver sth.

16、 to sb. 把某物运送给某人deliver a speech/lectue 发表演讲deliver papers 送报纸deliver sb. from danger 救某人脱险deliver a baby 接生deliver the goods 发货delivery n. 递送；分娩；演讲方式on delivery 交货付款a delivery room 产房Allow 28 days for delivery. 请留出28天送货时间。11. thanks to 多亏，由于，归功于Thanks to/ Owing to/ Because of your help, we were suc

17、cessful.多亏了你的帮助，我们得以成功。以上三个短语，表示因为，由于的意识时都后接名词，代词或者动名词作宾语。 但是due to一般不位于句首，thanks to 常指好的方面，表示多亏的意思。12. significantly change/increase/improve significantly 显著改变、增加、提高significantly better/greater 明显更好、更大a significant achievement 重大成就it is significant that 很重要be significant= be of significance 注意：be o

18、f +(great) +n.=be + adj.Your work has shown a significant improvement, which has great significant for the development in your future. 你的工作有了明显的进步，这对你未来的发展有重大意义。1513. maintainMaintain a balance/ friendship/ life/ prices/ a road/ a family/ relationship/ peace and order/ ones strength/ a car保持平衡，友谊，（维

19、持）价格的稳定，（维护）道路，（维持）一家人的生活，关系，（维持）治安，体力，（保养）车。Maintain that 坚持认为He maintained that such things should never be done again.他坚持认为再也不能做这样的事情了。14. unusualIts unusual for sb. to do sth 某人做某事是不寻常的as usual 像往常一样than usual 比往常Its unusual for a grouse to have any contact with people.松鸡与人有任何接触都是不寻常的。15. tendte

20、nd to do sth 易于做某事，往往做某事tend to/toward 倾向于，趋于 这里的to 是介词，要加动词ing.tend (to) sb. /sth. 照料/护理某人，照管某事物 I would like to tend the store for you while you are away.你不在的时候，我愿意替你照看店铺。There is a tendency (for sb.) to do sth(某人)有做某事的倾向。16. proveprove to do sth. 证明做某事prove that 证明prove sb./sth.(to be) +n./adj. 证

21、明某事/某人prove (to be) +n./adj. 证明It can be proved thatHe proved to be an honest friend. 事实证明他是一个诚实的朋友。If they prove that I am wrong, then I will go by what they say.如果他们证明我错了，我就照他们说的去做。There is (no) proof that (没)有证据证明17. inspiringinspire sb. to do sth 激励某人做某事inspire sb. with sth./inspire sth. in sb.

22、使某人产生be inspired by 受到的鼓舞an inspiration to 对来说是鼓舞之情The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.宇宙中在其他行星上有生命的可能性一直激励着科学家探索外太空。18. pourpour sb. a cup of tea= pour a cup of tea for sb. 为某人倒一杯茶pour into 向倒入、投入pour in 使流入，使

23、灌入，大量地涌进来pour down 倾盆而下pour onto 把倒在上pour cold water over/on 对泼冷水pour away 倒掉pour with rain 下滂沱大雨pour oil on the flames 火上浇油，使情况变得更糟It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。祸不单行。19. comfortin comfort 舒适地a few words of comfort 几句安慰的话turn to sb. for comfort 向某人寻求安慰with comfort 舒服地for comfort 为了舒适in comf

24、ort 舒适地It is comfort to do sth. 做是一件令人安慰的事情All the rooms were comfortably furnished. 所有的房间都配有舒适的家具。comfortable a. 舒适的，满意的comfortably adv. 舒适地，舒服地uncomfortable a. 使人不舒服的discomfort n. 不舒服，不安 v.使不舒服，使不安20. patiencelose/run out of patience (with sb.) 对某人失去耐心have no/little patience with sb. 不能容忍某人with pa

25、tience=patiently 耐心地be patient with 对有耐心21. humoura sense of humour 幽默感black humour 黑色幽默have/lack humour 有/缺乏幽默感in a good/bad humour 心情好/不好out of humour 心情不好Many people mistakenly believe that we are born with a sense of humour.许多人错误地认为我们天生就有幽默感。22. anxiousbe anxious about sth 为某事担心be anxious for st

26、h 渴望某事物be anxious for sb 担心某人be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事with anxiety 焦虑地Watching him climb up the cliff, everybody was breathless with anxiety.看着他攀爬悬崖，大家都屏住呼吸，焦虑不已。23. postponepostpone sth. until/to . 将某事推迟到postpone doing sth 推迟做某事put off/ delay 推迟，延期24. distancedistance oneself from 使自己撇清与地

27、关系in the distance 在远处（距离很远）at/from a distance 从远处，离一段距离（不是很远）within walking distance 在步行距离之内keep ones distance (from) (与)保持距离对distance的提问多用what, 而不是how farWhats the distance from Shanxi to Shaanxi?= How far is it from Shanxi to Shaanxi?25. ordinaryin the ordinary way 一般地，通常地an ordinary-looking man 一

28、个相貌平平地男人out of the ordinary 不寻常，特殊extraordinary a. 非凡的，不同寻常的His parents are ordinary workers.他的父母都是普通工人。26. fortunemake a/ones fortune 发财，挣大钱try ones fortune 碰运气seek ones fortune 寻找发迹的机会be fortune to do sth 有幸做某事it is fortune (for sb) that （对某人来说）是幸运的We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enou

29、gh to have success, you should put something back.我们都认为，如果你有幸获得成功，就应该有所回报。27. strikeJust before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. vt. 撞击The City of Christchurch, New Zealand was struck by a 7.1 magnitude(震级) earthquake on the early morning of Saturday, September 4, 2010.

30、vt. 侵袭The organization has voted to go on strike next Monday. n. 罢工Just then it suddenly stuck me that the two of us could share the dinner together. vt.突然想到As the clock struck nine, players took up their position and the match bagan. vt. 敲，报时strike sb. +介词+the+身体部位 击打某人某处be struck by 被打动strike sb.

31、as sth. 给某人印象strike into ones heart 使进入某人心中，使某人感受到sth. strikes sb. 某人突然想到某事It strikes sb that/how/what 某人突然想到It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. 我突然想到，和另一个队比赛，对队里所有的女孩来说是一个很好的学习时刻。be (out) on strike 在罢工come out/go on strike 举行罢工

32、28. be ashamed of be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到羞愧be ashamed that 对感到惭愧be ashamed to do sth 因做某事而感到羞愧it is a shame that 真遗憾to ones shame 令某人感到羞愧的是What a shame! 多遗憾！To my shame I refused to listen to her side of the story.使我感到惭愧的是，我拒绝听她对事情的解释。29. appointedat the appointed time 在指定时间at the appointed plac

33、e 在指定地点appoint sb (as/to be) 任命某人为appoint sb to 任命某人到任职appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事have/make an appointment with 与约会make an appointment 预约keep/break an appointment 守约/违约You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door.你可以在门外的报名表上预约。30. ought to情态动词，没有人称，数和时态的变化，后接动词原形，基本与shou

34、ld一样。Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile.爸爸说她可能很孤独，我应该坐下来倾听，并且点头微笑。（said后面有两个宾语从句，第二个that 不能省略）I realized I ought to have told you about it.我意识到我本该告诉你这件事情的。（实际上没有告诉）ought not to do = oughtnt to doI ought not to have asked you a thing like that. Im sorry.我本不应该问你那样一件事。对不起。一般疑问句：ought + 主语 + to do?