Unit 1 A New Start语法 句子的成分学案（无答案） -（2019）新外研版高中英语必修第一册.docx

1、Unit 1 A New Start一、 语法梳理句子的成分1、语法是什么？语言构成的基本规则。语言包括什么？词和句子语法：词法：名冠连介代，形副动，数量 句法：基本句型，三大复合句（定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句），特殊句型2、句子的成分问题句子是由什么构成的？词，短语。词和短语在句子中是做成份的。（1）句子的基本成分主语：一个句子的火车头一个句子叙述的对象，是句子的主体。什么词可以作主语？A light wind woke among the trees TwentyyearsisalongtimeinoneslifeNo one can help you To drink a cup o

2、f cold water in such hot weather is a great pleasureTravelling abroad is popular among young peopleThe rich are not always happier than the poorGenerally speaking, what we cant get seems better than what we haveIt is believed that girls are good at language谓语说明主语的动作和状态。谓语只能是动词，动词只能做谓语。He shows confi

3、dence at any timeHe looked after two babiesOur school was built in 1961He can speak English very wellThis film is very interesting宾语表示动作的对象Richard does not like his jobI dont know himHow many computers do you need? We need fiveMonica decided to solve the problem on her ownThe young man risked losing

4、 his life to save the girlMiya said that she would return soon主谓双宾直接宾语：动作的承受者间接宾语：动作是对谁做的，朝谁做的They offered me the job=They offered the job to mePlease show me your ID=Please show your ID to meCora played us some light music=Cora played some light music for us主谓宾宾补宾补：说明宾语的情况We all find Josie a good g

5、irlDont force such a little baby to learnHe made himself known to them firstWe must keep it a secret表语说明主语的性质特征身份等。判断标志：跟在系动词后系动词：be表示是的时候These are booksThe winner is you感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feelJulie always looks cheerful It smells sweet变化动词：become, grow, turn, getHe becomes a doctor（3）句

6、子的修饰成分补充：动词的分类：助动词：助动词一般没有独立的实际意义，不能单独做谓语，通常帮助实义动词并与实义动词一起构成谓语。表示时态，语态，语气等。构成时态，疑问，否定和被动。be动词：is am are was were being beenhave: has had havingdo: does did shall, should, will, would实义动词：有实际意义的动词，有及物动词和不及物动词之分。情态动词：can, may, could, should系动词定语修饰或限定名词或者代词。The boy has a beautiful pen.The boy has a bal

7、l penThe boy there has a penThe boy writing this letter needs a pen.The boy in the classroom has a pen.He is a handsome man.状语用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，或句子Jennifer runs very fastIll be back in a while He waited to see the result of the gameLiving in the country, they have few amusements状语一般表示时间，地点，原因，条件，比较，结果，目

8、的，方式，让步，伴随等(1)时间状语Ioftengetupat5:30inthemorning.我常常在早上5:30起床。Goalongthisstreetuntilyoureachtheend.沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。(2)地点状语PandasonlyliveinChina.熊猫仅生活在中国。Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。(3)程度状语Hereadverycarefully.他读得很他仔细。Ihavequitealotofworktodo.我有相当多的工作要做。(4)目的状语Wellgotothebeachforapicnic

9、thisSunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthefirstbus.她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。(5)方式状语Weusuallygotoschoolonfoot.我们通常步行去上学。PleasedoitasItoldyou.请按我告诉你的去做。(6)让步状语Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。Nomatterwhathappens

10、,Iwillneverloseheart.无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。(7)条件状语Ifyoudontworkhard,youllfallbehindtheothers.假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。 Givenmoreattention,theflowerswouldhavegrownbetter.如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花将长得更好。(8)比较状语Yourwatchisnotthesameasmine.你的手表与我的不一样。Mikeisnotas(so)tallasJack.迈克不及杰克高。(9)原因状语Wedidntgototheparkbecauseofthebadweat

11、her.由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。Imgladtomeetyou.见到你我很高兴Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.由于病了，他没有去上学。(10)结果状语Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行。Heleftearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.他早早地离去，(结果)因此赶上了火车。(11)伴随状语Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。Theteachercamein

12、totheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。同位语对句子中某一成分，作进一步解释说明。This is Mr Li, our headmasterWe each have a cellphone nowAre you two ready to start our now（2）句子的三大类型简单句只有一个谓语动词主谓：She is smiling.主谓宾：She loves the man.主系表：She looks cool and pretty.主谓宾宾补：He makes her happy.主谓宾宾：See,

13、 the man is giving her a kiss（人间物直）复合句用连词连接起来的主从句The wedding that they held was very grand并列句用并列连词连接起来的并列句She is beautiful and he is handsome练习：分析句子结构My partner wants to make a good impressionThat guy just had his first math class in senior high schoolWe found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpfulThis afternoon, we had our chemistry class in the science lab6