Unit 1 非限制性定语从句 ppt课件（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、Non-restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.定义定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句2.先行词先行词：被修饰的名词或代词一、定语从句的相关概念There was an earthquake which happened in Tangshan in 1976. 3.引导定语从句的关系词：引导定语从句的关系词：关系代词：关系代词：关系副词：关系副词： when, where, why等who, whom, whose, which, that等定语从句的相关概念4 4、关系词的功能、关系词的功能: : 1)1)连接主句与从句连接主句与从

2、句 2)2)指代先行词指代先行词3)3)在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分Our class is adorable.Our class who likes singing is adorable. Our class likes singing. Step One:Revision定语从句长相：名词+引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分Class teaceher is charming.Class teacher who is spying on us outside the classroom is charming.Class teacher is spying on us outside th

3、e classroom.先行词关系代词Our classroom is a place.Our classroom is a place where we study.We study in the classroom.先行词关系副词1.1.先看先看 先行词先行词2 2，再看，再看引导词引导词在在从句从句中充中充当什么成分。当什么成分。二、关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose主语 宾语宾语主语 宾语主语 宾语定语关系副词（关系副词（where,when）的指

4、代关系）的指代关系指地点指原因指时间在定语从句中的作用时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语介词介词+which wherewhenwhy原因状语原因状语1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.A child _parents are dead is called Tom. 3.I like the person to _you just talked.4.I still remember the day I first came here.5.The factory his father works is in the west of the ci

5、ty.6.That is the reason I did the job.who/ thatwhosewhomwhenwherewhy指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语定语定语whowhomwhosewhichAttention非限制性定语从句中指物，不能用that关系词关系词先行词先行词在从句的作用在从句的作用where when for which why 不可用于不可用于引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句， for which代替代替why表地点的词表地点的词地点状语地点状语表时间的词表时间的词时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语reason非限制性定语从句中介词后的关系代词指代人只

6、能用whom,指代物只能用which不能用其他。Compare the two sentences in the following groups and find the difference.Discuss & Summarize第一组A.The old man has a son who is in the army.B.The old man has a son, who is in the army.第二组A.My younger brother who is 18 years old is a college student.B.My younger brother, who is

7、 18 years old, is a college student.第三组A.Jim doesnt like to ask questions which make his teacher angry.B.Jim doesnt like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry. 第一组A.The old man has a son who is in the army.B.The old man has a son, who is in the army.A句的意思是：这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。（隐句的意思是：这位老人有个在部队工

8、作的儿子。（隐含的意思：也许还有其他的儿子，在干别的工作）含的意思：也许还有其他的儿子，在干别的工作）B句的意思：这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。（隐句的意思：这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。（隐含的意义：只有一个儿子）含的意义：只有一个儿子）第二组A. My younger brother who is 18 years old is a college student.B. My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student.A句：我句：我18岁的那个弟弟是大学生。岁的那个弟弟是大学生。（明确是（明确是18岁的那个岁的

9、那个弟弟，而不是其他的，即有可能还有几个弟弟）弟弟，而不是其他的，即有可能还有几个弟弟）B句：我弟弟是大学生，今年句：我弟弟是大学生，今年18岁。岁。第三组A. Jim doesnt like to ask questions which make his teacher angry.B. Jim doesnt like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry.A.吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。（吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。（which 指代指代questions)B.吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气。（吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气

10、。（which指代指代Jim doesnt like to ask questions 这个情况）这个情况）More examples1.I have a sister who works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。（不只一位姐姐）2. I have a sister , who works in a hospital. 我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。（只有一位姐姐）3. He has a brother who lives in Beijing. 他有一个住在北京的哥哥。（可能有几个哥哥，其中一个是住在北京的。）4. He has a brother, who l

11、ives in Beijing. 他有一个哥哥住在北京。Non-restrictive attributive clause:A clause that adds extra information to the main clause of a sentence. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词进行补充说明，关系不是十分紧密,省去对主句没有多大影响.限制性定语从句: 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整.概念限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句功能修饰先行词说明先行词或整个句子形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除

12、后意思仍完整译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“的” 通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用 A做宾语时可省B 可用that A不可省 B.不用that 区别非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句构成：构成：+,+ 关系词关系词先行词先行词She has two brothers, (who are working in the city).+其他部分其他部分使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项（1)which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是某个单词或短语，也可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。He missed the show,which was a pity.他错过了演出，真遗憾。Jack told me

13、he would join the poetry club, which surprised me greatly. 杰克告诉我他要加入诗歌俱乐部，这使我非常吃惊。He is odd, which is known to us all in our company.他很古怪，我们公司的人都知道。A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.一个5岁的男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到惊讶。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，whom,which前面可以加some

14、/many/all of 等修饰词，表示整体中的部分或所有。 Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on a diet.许多人正在节食，其中有些人并不超重。I have been to many big cities, all of which have left a deep impression on me.我去过很多大城市，所有这些都给我留下了深刻的印象。(3)as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。as引导的从句可以置于主句前、主句中或主句后。 As is known to all, th

15、e Moon travels around the Earth.众所周知，月球绕地球运行。as引导的非限制性定语从句，常可看作固定结构： as is known to all 众所周知 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as is said above 如上所述 as is reported 正如报道的那样 as we all know 众所周知 as we expected 正如我们预料的那样 as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 as has been said before 正如之前所说的那样which,as在引导非限制性定语从句时的区

16、别：在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：1. which可以指代主句的部分内容，也可以指代整个主句可以指代主句的部分内容，也可以指代整个主句的内容的内容 as指代指代整个主句整个主句，表达整个主句的内容，表达整个主句的内容2. as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前的位置，引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前的位置，可以放在主句之后可以放在主句之后 which引导的非限制性定于从句只能跟在引导的非限制性定于从句只能跟在主句后主句后，不能放，不能放在句首在句首3. 当非限制性定语从句为当非限制性定语从句为否定句否定句或者或者具有否定意义具有否定意义时用时用which,不用不用as4. as

17、表达表达”正如正如,就像就像”之意之意（4)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，用who,whom指代人，用which指代物。Mr Smith, who is my friend, is a judge.史密斯先生是我的朋友，他是位法官。5)当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese The Ten-Thousand-li Great Wall, is very famous in the world.长城，汉语称为“万里长城”，在世界上非常出名。

18、This is my videophone, which was bought yesterday.这是我的可视电话，是昨天买的。（6)非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用for which代替why。We could not give the reason, for which so many people were willing to take out a loan.我们无法解释，为什么这么多人愿意贷款。(7)先行词是独一无二的事物时，一般用非限制性定语从句说明。The sun, which rises in the east, gives us light and heat.太阳从东方升起，给我们带来光和热。