Unit 1 The mass media 单元词汇详解-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二选择性必修二.doc

1、牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性 必修二Unit 1 The mass mediaWord listsSupportive sentences1. critical /krtkl/ adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的 (2)【原句背诵】The two news reports and the article below encourage you to be a critical news reader. Be a critical news reader!【拓展】critical of sb/sth 批评的；批判性的；挑剔的a critical comment/report 批判性的评论报

2、道a critical factor in the election campaign 竞选活动的关键因素a critical moment in our countrys history 我国历史上的危急关头critically adv. 危急地；严重地；批评地critic n. 批评家；评论家；爱挑剔的人criticize vt. 批评；评论；非难 vi. 批评；评论；苛求criticism n. 批评；批判；考证；苛求Toms parents were highly critical of the school. 汤姆的父母对学校提出了强烈的批评。Reducing levels of c

3、arbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of critical importance. 减少大气中的二氧化碳含量极其重要。The final decision is critical to our future. 最终决定对我们的未来至关重要。Students should be encouraged to develop critical thinking instead of accepting opinions without questioning them. 应该鼓励学生培养判断力，而非不加质疑地接受各种观点。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Accord

4、ing to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status. 根据世界野生动物基金会(World Wildlife Fund)的数据，全球黑犀牛数量已降至5500头，使犀牛处于“极度濒危”状态。（2015湖北卷）Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diver

5、sity of species in this area. 达特穆尔有大约1000匹小马，它们在创造该地区物种的多样性方面发挥着关键作用。（2011北京卷）In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking the ability to see clearly their relationships among ideas. 从广义上讲，批判性思维是专注的、有组织的思维能清楚地辨别观点之间关系的能力。2. trap /trp/ vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼 (2)【原句背诵

6、】The fire, which is thought to have started fromthe 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped.【拓展】trap sb (into sth/into doing sth) 使陷入圈套；使中计；使上当set a trap设陷阱fall into a trap 落入陷阱【误区】trap的过去式和过去分词，要双写字母p。Some of the villagers became

7、 trapped by the rising floodwater. 几个村民被上涨的洪水困住了。The locals were encouraged to trap and kill mice to stop the spread of the virus. 当地人被鼓励用捕捉器捕杀老鼠以阻止病毒的传播。The government has found that its caught in a trap of its own making. 政府已经发现其陷入了自己造成的困境中。She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight int

8、o it. 她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。【链接高考】（2019天津卷）We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. 我们在自己的专业领域取得成功，然后陷入其中。（2016北京卷）Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings. 青少年爬上几十层楼梯，给被困在停电的高层建筑中的老人

9、送去水和食物。（2015湖北卷）The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again. 小马实际上被困在了两块岩石之间。农夫把它放了，它又高兴地到处跑起来。3. release /rlis/ vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏 (2)【原句背诵】Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures re

10、leased by emergency services.【拓展】release sb/sth (from sth) 释放；放出；放走release sb (from sth) 免除，解除（某人的职责、责任、合同等）；解雇the release (of sb) (from sth) 释放；获释the latest new releases 最新发行的产品the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 二氧化碳向大气层的排放a sense of release after the exam 考试后的解脱感Firefighters took tw

11、o hours to release the driver from the wreckage. 消防队员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。The media not releasing any more details yet. 媒体还不准备发布更多详情。She burst into tears, releasing all her pent-up（压抑的）emotions. 她放声大哭，释放出长期压抑的情感。The new software is planned for release in April. 新软件计划四月份发行。Our therapeutic style offers

12、release from stored tensions, traumas, and grief. 我们的治疗方式意在解除蓄积的压力、创伤和悲痛。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）May 7: The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid-19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis. 5月7日：国务院印发关于做好新冠肺炎疫情持续防控工作的指导意见。（2015福建卷）Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you ma

13、y feel a little or large release from the jail of your mind and youll be on your way. 三思而后行。当你这样做的时候，你可能会感到自己从思想的牢笼中解放出来，你就可以继续前进了。（2012上海卷）Scientists have long known that in the fight or flight reaction to stress，an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. 科学家们早就知道，在对抗

14、或逃避压力的反应中，身体释放的某些激素起着重要作用。4. ambulance /mbjlns/ n. 救护车 (2)【原句背诵】Fire engines and ambulances, called at 9:30 p.m., reached the scene within 15 minutes.5. extend /kstend/ vi. & vt. 延伸（距离）；扩大；延长；伸展 (2)【原句背诵】By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor.【拓展】to extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏公路房子t

15、o extend a deadline/visa 延长最后期限签证to extend a rope between two posts 在两根柱子间拉根绳子to extend an invitation 发出邀请extensive adj. 广泛的；大量的；广阔的extension n. 拓展；延伸；接发；（医学）牵引；（计算机）拓展名；（逻辑）外延There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. 现已有扩大无烟区的计划。Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car. 精心保养可延长汽车寿命。

16、The company plans to extend its operations into Europe and Africa. 公司打算将业务扩展到欧洲和非洲。The service also extends to wrapping and delivering gifts. 这项服务还包括包装及递送礼物。This year they have introduced three new products to extend their range. 今年他们已引入了3种新产品以扩大他们的范围。【链接高考】（2016北京卷）However, now they are becoming an

17、 extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. 然而，现在他们正在延长青春期，在这期间，许多学生并没有肩负起成人的责任。（2015湖南卷）When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenns mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. 当督察伸出手去和格伦的母亲打招呼时，他在刚涂过油的地面上滑倒了

18、。6. construction /knstrkn/ n. 建筑，建造；建造物 (2)【原句背诵】There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules. 【拓展】in/under construction 在建造中；正在施工之中in the construction of 建筑construction technology 施工技术，建筑技术；建筑施工；建筑工艺学economic construction 经济建设infrastru

19、cture construction 基础设施；基础设施建设construct v. 建造，修建（某物，尤指建筑物，公路，机器）；组成，创建；形成（观念，理论）n. 构想，概念；编造，杜撰；建造物，构筑物【反义词】destruction n. 破坏，毁坏；摧毁Work has begun on the construction of the new airport in Xiongan. 雄安新机场的建设已经开工。 The new offices are still under construction (= being built). 新办公楼尚在修建中。The summer house w

20、as a simple wooden construction. 那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。【链接高考】（2012全国卷II）The whole construction of our society depends on mutual（相互的）trust, not distrust. 整个社会的建设依赖于相互信任，而不是怀疑。（2010四川卷）Reporting to the Director，you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratorie

21、s now under construction. 向署长报告，你将协助建立和管理我们正在建设的新实验室的技术和科学支持服务。7. dozen /dzn/ n. 许多；（一）打；十来个 (2)dozens of 很多，许多 (2)【原句背诵】The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition.【拓展】by the dozen成打地；按打计算two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋three dozen red roses 三打红玫瑰several dozen/a few do

22、zen people 数十几十个人【比较】two dozen eggs和two dozen of the eggs【误区1】具体数字修饰dozen时，它要用单数形式。如：three dozen years【误区2】特别词汇表示具体数字的还有：score二十；decade十年；fortnight两星期；十四天 anniversary 一周年；hundred一百The company employs no more than a couple of dozen people. 这个公司顶多雇用了几十个人。The storm in July this year destroyed dozens of

23、 homes and buildings. 今年7月份的暴雨毁坏了许多房屋和建筑物。Tom has been to the Great Wall dozens of times. 汤姆去过长城很多次。Eggs are sold by the dozen in the mall. 超市鸡蛋按打出售。【链接高考】（2020浙江卷）To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. 为了做到

24、这一点，我搜索了几十个剧本，目的是找到那些最能展示短剧的力量和目的的剧本。（2020天津卷）Its almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. 要了解一个历史时期而不对相关概念提出几十个问题几乎是不可能的。（2015上海卷）They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mos

25、tly for corporations, but also for government agencies. 他们每年举办30到40场研讨会，主要针对企业和政府机构重点关注6种不同的戏剧。8. minor /man(r)/ adj. 轻微的，次要的 (2)【原句背诵】Lisa Mayer, 29, is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor injuries.【拓展】a minor road 小路minor injuries 轻伤to undergo minor surgery 做小手术minority n. 少数；少数派；少数民族【反义词

26、】major adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的There may be some minor changes to the schedule. 时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。She is known in Italy for a number of minor roles in films. 她因担任电影中一些配角而闻名意大利。Every day of our lives we encounter major and minor stresses of one kind or another. 生活中的每一天，我们会遇到或大或小的这样那样的压力。9. bath /b/ n. 洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，

27、浴盆 (2)10. scream /skrim/ vi. & vt. 尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音 (2)11. bark /bk/ vi.（狗）吠叫vt. 厉声发令n.（狗）吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮 (2)12. choke /tk/ vt. & vi.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽，（尤指感情激动而）说不出话来 (2)【原句背诵】She recalled, “I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking. I looked outside and the smoke

28、was choking me. It was like an awful dream.”【拓展】take/have a bath 洗澡；冲凉；淋浴scream (out) (in/with sth)（因伤痛、害怕、激动等）尖叫scream (sth) (out) (at sb)/ (out) (for sth/sb) （向某人或为某事）高声喊，大声叫choke sth back 强忍住；抑制；克制to choke back tears/anger/sobs 强忍住眼泪愤怒哭泣choke sth down 硬咽；硬吞choke sth off阻止；制止；限制；打断；停止；终止choke out/

29、choke out sth （因感情激动而）哽咽着说，哽咽地说出某事choke up （因感情激动而）哽咽【误区】bath作动词时，意思是“洗澡；给洗澡”，同bathe。The kids were screaming with excitement. 孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。Someone was screaming for help. 有人在喊救命。She let out a scream of pain. 她疼得大叫一声。Very small toys can choke a baby. 很小的玩具可使婴儿窒息。She almost choked to death in the thick f

30、umes. 她几乎被浓烟呛死。High housing estate prices have choked off demand. 高昂的房地产价格制约了需求。 Her screams were suddenly choked off. 她的尖叫声戛然而止。He choked out a reply. 他哽咽着回答。The author choked up when she began to talk about her mother. 作者谈起母亲时，便哽咽着说不出话来。Its your turn to bath/bathe the baby. 轮到你给婴儿洗澡了。The moon bath

31、ed the countryside in a silver light. 月光下的乡村沐浴在一片银辉之中。【链接高考】（2017全国卷I）I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. 我给了房主一段猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿的叫声。（2011江苏卷）The audience and the players from both teams started screaming, “Shay, run to first! ” Never in his life had Shay ever run that far b

32、ut made it to first base, wide-eyed and shocked. 观众和两队的球员开始尖叫，“夏伊，跑到第一垒!”在他的一生中，夏伊从来没有跑过那么远的距离，但跑到了第一垒，他睁大眼睛，震惊不已。13. department /dptmnt/ n. 部门，局，系 (2)14. cigarette /sret/ n. 香烟 (2)15. carpet /kpt/ n. 地毯；覆盖地面的一层厚东西 (2)16. automatic /tmtk/ adj. 自动的；无意识的，不假思索的 (2)【原句背诵】Mr Peterson, head of the fire de

33、partment, confirms that a dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster.【拓展】a carpet of snow 一层厚厚的雪a fully automatic driverless train 全自动无人驾驶火车automatically adv. 自动地；机械地；无意识地 automatism n.

34、自动；无意识行为automation n. 自动化；自动操作automate vt. 使自动化，使自动操作 vi. 自动化，自动操作【熟词生义】carpet作动词时，意思是“把地毯铺在上；厚厚地铺上”。Modern trains have automatic doors. 现代火车都有自动门。All of the automatic body functions, even breathing, are affected. 所有无意识的身体功能，甚至呼吸，都受到影响。Breathing is an automatic function of the body. 呼吸是一种无意识的身体功能。Th

35、e hall was carpeted in blue. 大厅铺上了蓝色的地毯。The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers. 森林的地面上开满了野花。【链接高考】（2018天津卷）Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. 大多数还配备了自动火灾报警系统，包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水装置。（2014浙江卷）At Googles office, an

36、entire floor is carpeted in glass. 在谷歌的办公室，整块地板都铺着玻璃。（2020浙江卷）In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch. 马克波奇说，在过去，人们往往会对日益增长的交通做出自然反应：拓宽道路。（2017天津卷）“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobr

37、indt. “道路交通法的改变将允许全自动驾驶，”多布林特说。17. investigate /nvestet/ vt. & vi. 侦查，调查；研究 (2)【原句背诵】A team is currently investigating the accident further.【拓展】investigation n. 调查；调查研究The police are still investigating the accident. 警方还在调查这场事故。We should not jump to conclusions. Lets investigate first. 我们不应该草率下结论。让我

38、们先调查。The police have completed their investigations into the accident. 警察已完成对这次事故的调查。She is still under investigation. 她仍在接受调查。【链接高考】（2016安徽卷）Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this waythat they investigate human psychology and the rules o

39、f language using similar means. 一些心理学家认为，幼儿通过这种方式学习的不仅仅是物质世界他们用类似的方法研究人类心理和语言规则。（2013江苏卷）What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. 他特别想研究的是鱼龙在一亿五千万年的时间里是如何适应减压问题的。18. come about 发生 (3)【原句背诵】We rely on news to l

40、earn about what is happening in the world around us. However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information. How do these differences come about?【拓展】come across v. 偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；口给人印象come back 回来；记起；恢复原状，重新流行come down 下来，降落；流传下来；倒塌；落泊，失势come on

41、 v. 快点；开始；要求；上演；跟着来；突然产生come out 出现；出版；结果是come out of v. 由.产生；从.出来come up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出come up with 提出；想出；赶上How did this unhappy state of affairs come about? 这种不幸的情况是怎么发生的呢？The peace agreement came about through intense pressure by the international community. 该和平协议是在国际社会的强大压力下产生的。The expected

42、boost in business promotion has not come about. 人们所期待的商业促销并未实现。The professor spoke for a long time but his meaning didnt really come across. 教授讲了很久，但并没有人真正理解他的意思。When is her new novel coming out? 她的新小说何时出版？She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的一个新招儿。【链接高考】（2016江苏卷）Shelly-Ann is

43、 a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. 谢莉-安是一个笑容灿烂的小女人。她有一种并非偶然产生的坚强精神。（2020全国卷II）She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 她试图为海狸鼠的时装设计一个标签，以表明它是环保的。（2015湖北卷）Many people are working hard to pr

44、eserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoors most financially-troubled elements. 许多人都在努力保护这些矮种马，并试图为达特穆尔省最困难的一个地区制定可持续发展的未来计划。19. journalist /dnlst/ n. 新闻记者，新闻工作者 (3)20. priority /prarti/ n. 优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点 (3)【原句背诵】It is advisable to

45、 remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event.【拓展】journal n. 日报，杂志；日记；分类账journalism n. 新闻业，新闻工作；报章杂志prior adj.（时间、顺序等）先前的；优先的prior to在前面的prioritize v. 按优先顺序列出，确定 (任务) 优先顺序；优先处理，优先考虑There is no doubt that she has the makings of a successful j

46、ournalist. 毫无疑问，她具备成为一名成功记者的素质。Education is a top priority. 教育是当务之急。Our first priority is to improve standards. 我们的头等大事是提高水平。The search for a new vaccine for COVID-19 viruses will take priority over all other medical research. 在所有医学研究中，新冠病毒疫苗的研究将占据首位。【链接高考】（2016江苏卷）Since the poorest are least likely

47、 to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 由于最贫穷的人不可能弥补与厄尔尼诺有关的灾害造成的损失，减少他们的损失成为优先考虑的事情。（2011湖南卷）Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先)for conservation purpose. 既然我们知道森林象和草原象是两种不同的动物，出于保护的目的，森林象应该成为优先考虑的目标。21. contradict /kntrdkt/ vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥 (3)22. factual /fktul/ adj. 事实的，真实的 (3)【原句背诵】Even if news reports are written from basically the sam