语法填空专题讲义-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二上学期选择性必修第二册.docx

1、语法填空江苏省苏州市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末学业质量阳光指标调研英语第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The end of the office?For many white-collar workers around the world, the recent pandemic(流行病) has meant _56_ (have) to work from home. Their usual office location has been out of reach. The different worki

2、ng _57_ (practice), as we know, have advantages and disadvantages for employees. But the big question is whether they will see their offices again.Home working has made people realize what tasks they can perform at home. It has given them more time with the family; theyve been sleeping _58_ (well) a

3、nd have saved money by not traveling or buying lunches on the go. And recent research suggests the majority of people working from home are just as _59_ (product).For some people, this could be _60_ lasting arrangement. In the UK, fifty of the employers _61_ (interview) by the BBC, have said they ha

4、ve no plans to return all staff to the office full-time in the near future. Of course, one main reason is _62_ firms couldnt see a way of seating large numbers of staff while social distancing rules were still _63_ place.But this isnt great news for everyone. Some employees will be full of _64_ (anx

5、ious) at home, and theres less opportunity to learn from other people. Shops and cafes rely on the football of office workers, without whom they face closure. The future is still uncertain, which is why it may be too early to say where our desks _65_ (place) forever.第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，満分10分）56.having 5

6、7. practices 58.better 59.productive 60.a 61.interviewed62.that 63. in 64 anxiety 65.will be placed请同学们一起讨论一下语法填空的特点。有提示词的解题技巧【知识梳理1】谓语动词若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。【例题精讲】1.“If something does not happen soon,” I said to myself, “I (burn) alive!”【答案】will be burnt

7、考查时态和语态。如果不采取行动，作者将被烧死，在 if 引导的条件状语从句中主句需要用将来时，且为被动语态。2.He was working on the assumption that if he produced a clone of the dog, his boss (approve) his promotion.【答案】would approve考查动词时态。根据 if 从句的时态 produced 可知主句用 would approve。3.The scientist screamed and fled from the room as any possibility of pro

8、motion_(disappear) in that instant.【答案】disappeared考查动词时态，本句中 as 引导的从句的主语是 any possibility of promotion，整个故事都是以过去时态叙述的，故本空用谓语动词的过去式。4.After successfully raising the alarm, Bailey went downstairs to try to get out. But he_(catch) in the fire.【答案】was caught考查动词时态和语态。be caught in the fire 意为“被困在大火中”。整个文

9、章都是叙述过去发生过的事情，故用过去时态；且主语 he 和 catch 之间的为被动关系，所以答案为 was caught。5.Spiderman is one of the most famous comic book heroes of all time. He was created by Stan Lee in 1963. He_(introduce) to the world in the pages of Marvel comic books.【答案】was introduced【巩固练习】1. His fear of failure_(keep) him from classro

10、om games that other children played excitedly. 2.That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) my book and walked away.3.Three people _(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 4. She told him that she _ (bring) him the water in t

11、en minutes. 答案：kept closed were taken would bring【知识梳理2】非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词、过去分词，还是不定式。非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。技巧一：作主语或宾语，通常用现在分词形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。【例题精讲】1.But it is not enough only_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 【答案】to memorize解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，

12、故填to memorize。2._(speak) out your feeling wont make you feel ashamed.【答案】Speaking解析：句中已有谓语wont make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。技巧二：作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。【例题精讲】1. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.【答案】To complete解析：因句中已有谓语will have

13、 to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。2. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed). 【答案】to succeed解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。技巧三：作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。这样

14、的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。【例题精讲】1. He saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 【答案】saying解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。2. The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.【答案】followed解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headma

15、ster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。3. There will be a meeting, _ (start) later this year to review the film. 【答案】starting解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。4. Lessons _(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 【答案】learned解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因l

16、esson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。【巩固练习】1.As he was thinking, the mixture thickened. He stared impatiently at it, (wait) for the shape of the animal that would shortly emerge.【答案】waiting考查非谓语动词。本句话的谓语动词是 started，空格处用非谓语动词，wait 和主语 He 之间是主动关系，用现在分词 waiting。2.I came across an interesting story wh

17、en I visited my cousin in Henan Province, China. My cousin grew up with a girl_(call) Li Shichun next door.【答案】called考查非谓语动词。本句话的谓语动词是 grew up，本空用非谓语动词作定语，a girl 和 call 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，相当于 who was called。3.But her mother wouldnt like her daughter (have) that name because she thought that sounded t

18、oo much like a boys name.【答案】to have考查非谓语动词。would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想让某人做某事”，故本空填to have。【知识梳理3】给出的提示词是形容词或副词当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词，且根据句义空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词，则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。解题技巧：1. 若两者之间比较，或者有than，就用比较级；2. 不出现than, 即省略了“than+比较对象”这种隐含式比较级，要注意语境理解；3. 注意“less/least+原级”这样的降级比较；4. 若是多者之间比较，或者有in、of等介词短语表示比较范围，要

19、用最高级；5. 比较级前可用a bit、a little表示稍稍，一点；用much、a lot 表示“得多”、even表示“更加”；6. asas之间用原级；7. 最高级前要有the。【例题精讲】1. He is one of the _(great) man that I have ever known. 【答案】greatest2. _(luck) than other students in her class, she was admitted to Beijing University. 【答案】Luckier3. When he sees other students _(good

20、) than him, he usually think that they have higher IQ. 【答案】better4. At first we wanted to fly because it would be _(fast) and would save us more time. 【答案】faster5. The _(big) and most powerful animal in the forest was the bear. 【答案】biggest6. The _(young) angel was very angry and blame the older ange

21、l. 【答案】younger【巩固练习】1.The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumped even_ (hard) and nearly made himself out. 2.The _(strong) we become, the more modest we should be. 3.Of the two coats, Id choose the_(cheap) one to spare some money for a book. 4.You are driving too fast. Can you dri

22、ve a bit _(slow)? 5.This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _(little) water and electricity than older models. 6.The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _(good) if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.【答案】harder stronger cheaper slower less better

23、【知识梳理4】词性转换根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。 作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词。【例题精讲】1.The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.【答案】silent解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。2. In a _ (danger) part of the sea , they lost their way.【答案】dangerous解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。3.Teachers m

24、ust try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject.【答案】interested解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词。【例题精讲】1.When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to th

25、e Four Great Inventions.【答案】achievements解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。2.These people have made great _(contribute) to China with their work. 【答案】contributions解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contrib

26、utions。在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词。【例题精讲】1.Their _(happy) is based on money.【答案】happiness解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填happiness。2.The _ (operate) of the system is very difficult.【答案】operation解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。【例题精讲】1.As I looked _ (close) at this girl, I found that

27、 she wasnt ugly at all. 【答案】closely解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。2.There must be something_(serious) wrong with our society. 【答案】seriously解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。3.Singles are flocking to the Internet_(main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time. 【答案】mainly解析：修饰becaus

28、e引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。4._(fortunate), only two students can pass the final exam.【答案】Unfortunately解析：修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，且根据句意可知，要表达“不幸的是”，故填Unfortunately。派生词：有可能是词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，需要在词前加前缀 un-, im-, , dis-等，或在该词后加后缀-less。 例如：(im) possible (im)polite (un) happy

29、 (un)healthy (un)kind care(less) home(less) use(less) （dis)like 【例题精讲】1.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).【答案】useless解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。2.Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessar

30、y) work in the office.【答案】unnecessary解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意，“错误引起了许多不必要的麻烦事”，故填unnecessary。纯空格的解题技巧【知识梳理1】冠词 （一）不定冠词a，an的用法1表示泛指，泛指任何的、不限定的或首次提到的人或事物Long long a ago, there was _little girl who lived with seven little man. 2表示“每一”，相当于every, oneWe study eight hours_ day. a和an的区别：a用于辅音开头的单词前，an用于元音开头

31、的单词前。【答案】a a（二）定冠词the的用法：1表特指(1）特指上文已提到过的人或事物There is a pen here. _pen is mine. (2) 用于带后置定语的名词前，表示特定的人或事物The water in _ bottle is clean. (3)特指说话双方都知道或能体会到的人或事物Please turn on _ radio. 2表类指(1)用于形容词前表示一类人_ rich and _ poor should be treated equal.(2)用于分词前表示一类人The doctor is taking care of _injured and _

32、dying. the dying 垂危的人(3)与单数可数名词连用表类别_ horse is a useful animal.3表独指用于世上独一无二的事物名词前_ earth turns around _ sun. 4惯用法(1)用于乐器名称前He began to play_violin at the age of six. (2)表示“一家人”或“夫妇”_Greens 格林一家/格林夫妇(3)用于序数词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级前Of the two coats, I prefer _ cheaper one.(4)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前_ United States_ Pe

33、oples Republic of China(5)用于江河、海洋、山脉等名词前_Himalaya Mountains, _Yellow River, _Taiwan Island(6)用于方位名词前in_ east/west/north/south(7)用于世纪的某个年代in _ 1990s/1990s在20世纪90年代【例题精讲】1. He talked to us in _unusual way. 2. I sat next to the man and introduce myself. We had _ amazing conversation. 3. One morning he

34、was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him.”Well,” answered _ stranger, “are you still willing to take a chance?” 4. John, there is _ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. _ water was sweet. 【答案】an an the a

35、The【知识梳理2】介词介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on，in，at，with，by，through等。如果名词、代词前是空格，且该名词或代词不是作主语、宾语、或表语，而更多是作状语时，很可能填介词。另外，含有介词的固定搭配要积累。【例题精讲】1. While running regularly cant make your live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming. 2. This trend, which was started

36、by the medical community（医学界） a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 3. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-kno

37、wn city.4. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work. 5. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands. 6. After school she plans to take a year of

38、f to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.答案：than; as; by; from; with; in 【知识梳理3】代词代词的种类繁多，包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等，其中近年来对代词it 在句中指代事物,作形式主语或形式宾语的用法较常见。如果句子缺少主语或宾语，那一定是填名词或代词，名词一般都是词性变换，所以没给出提示词的，一般都是填代词。【例题精讲】1. If you are time poor, you need run

39、 for only half the time to get the same benefit as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try. 2. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.3. But I didnt care. A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking smog.4. How

40、ever, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using every day. 5. A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is （I）”答案：it; its;its;it;mine【知识梳理4】连词如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。并列连词：包括表转折but，while, however, or, otherwise

41、；并列and；因果because，so等连词。从属连词：包括that, who, which, where, when, as等。【例题精讲】1. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.2. Like anything, it is possible to have too much

42、 of both, is not good for the health. 3. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.4. Maybe you leave a habit is driving your family crazy.5. Over time, the population

43、grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.6. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案：that/which;which;that/which;that/which;as;how【知识梳理5】固定搭配或句型1.根据强调句结构“It is/was+被强

44、调部分+ that/who+句子剩下部分”判断空格处填it还是that。【例题精讲】1._ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat meat. 【答案】 It2. It was in the park _ Jack met your sister yesterday. 【答案】that 2.如果句子结构完整，空格后是谓语动词且谓语动词原形，而且上下文时态和谓语形式不是很一致时，则考虑以下两种情况：（1）填表示强调的助动词【例题精讲】1.However,an awful accident _hap

45、pen yesterday. 【答案】did2.As we all know, Mary _ practice speaking English every day. 【答案】does(2) 以only+状语（从句）位于句首,句子要部分倒装句，即把be动词、助动词提到主语的前面。【例题精讲】Only then _ I realize that I was wrong. 【答案】didOnly in this way _ you able to do it well. 【答案】are江苏省常州市20202021学年高二第一学期期末英语试题第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个