Unit 2 grammar and usage课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、Grammar 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语：主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成be + doneshould do + be doneshould be done情态动词 do+ be doneam/is/are done一般现在时PPT模板 http:/moban/ did+ be donewas/were done一般过去时will do+ be donewill be done 一般将来时am/is /are doing+ be doneam/is /are be

2、ing done现在进行时have/has done + be donehave/has been done现在完成时was/were doing+ be donewas/were being done过去进行时过去某一时间某事正在被做had done + be done过去完成时过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作had been done过去进行时现在进行时过去完成时情态动词S+have/has+been+doneS+had+been+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+done各种时态的被动语态构成（match)现在完成时一般现在时一般将来时S+am/is

3、/are/+doneS+was/were+being+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done一般过去时S+was/were+done My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear my beathing heavily as l looked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned to normal,I re

4、fected on what had just been achieved. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. Despite my lack of running experience, I agreed. In order not to hurt my knees or ankles, I started my

5、training very gently by running just one kilometre on the first day. Over the next six weeks, I gradually increased the distance l ran in each training session and also made sure to allow my body enough time to rest and recover after each run. Soon I was running distances I had never thought possibl

6、e. The day of the half-marathon finally arrived and I felt well prepared. I ate a hearty breakfast so I knew I could get through to the end. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for ch

7、arity. I felt really proud of myself, and my friends and I agreed to run in the next city marathon!Rewrite the sentences with the passive voice.1. They were planting trees at this time yesterday.Trees were being planted at this time yesterday.2. They were building another bridge over the Changjiang

8、River then.Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then.3. He had learned 5,000 words by the end of last week.5,000 words had been learned by him by the end of last week.Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the given verbs.1. The reading room _ (clean) every day.2. The man _ (

9、attack) with a knife.3. Why didnt you bring your computer here yesterday? Oh, it _ (check) by my neighbor then.is cleanedwas attackedwas being checked4. The tiger _ (feed) some nice meat at this time yesterday.5. By the end of last year, we _ (produce) many fruits.6. He told me that the injured man

10、_ (send) before the doctors came in.was being fedhad producedhad been sent1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 She （wait）for her cousin at the bus station at 8:30 a.m. yesterday.2. 表示过去某一时间段正在进行的动作。 昨晚我一直在看小说。 I was reading a novel last night. 3. 与过去进行时连用的时间状语 at that time/moment; (at) this time yesterday/last Sunda

11、y.;at 8:00/.yesterday/., when引导的表示过去某时刻的时间状语从句等。was waiting 用法用法1:1:表示在过去某个动作或者时间之前就已经发生或者已经完成的动作常常与by, before, 等引导的时间状语（从句）连用用法用法2:2:表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。常常与for, since 引导的时间状语（从句）连用用法用法3: 3: It / This / That was the first / second / . time + that从句用法用法4: 4: Scarcely /Rarely/Hardly/ (过去完成时)（部分倒装

12、）+when + 句子（过去时）或 No sooner (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+than+句子（过去时）句型中，表示“刚.就, 一.就”.1. By nine oclock last night, the fire _ (extend) to the 15th floor.2. Yesterday I returned the book that _ (borrow) before.3. The same business strategy _ (employ) by him before he became the publisher. 4. My car _ (clean) by my

13、 son at ten yesterday morning.5. The topic that I am fond of _ (discuss) when I came in the classroom.had extendedhad been borrowedhad been employedwas being cleanedwas being discussed被动语态结构中应注意的问题及物动词才有被动，不及物动词没有“一感觉一感觉(feel)”、“两听两听(hear, listen to)”、“三使三使(make, let, have)”、“四四看看(see, watch, look,

14、notice)”等动词在主动结构中要跟不带等动词在主动结构中要跟不带to的动词不定的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中to不可省去。不可省去。e.g. They make us do all the work.被动句：被动句：e.g. We often hear her sing songs.被动句：被动句：e.g. I saw him walk to school.被动句：被动句：We are made to do all the work by them.She is often heard to sing songs by us.He was seen

15、to walk to school by me.后跟双宾语的动词在被动语态中，如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句后跟双宾语的动词在被动语态中，如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则间接宾语前常常要加介词的主语，则间接宾语前常常要加介词to或或for。常接。常接to的动词有的动词有give, tell, lend, show, pass, hand等；常接等；常接for的动词有的动词有buy, get等。等。e.g. He gives me a flower everyday. 被动1(人) 被动2（物） e.g. My mother bought me a computer. 被动1（人）

16、被动2（物）I am given a flower by him everyday.A flower is given to me by him everyday.I was bought a computer by my mother.A computer was bought for me by my mother.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词，也不能将其拆开。掉构成短语动词的介词或副词，也不能将其拆开。 翻译句子：我爷爷在医院里受到很好的照顾。（用被动）翻译句子：我爷爷在医院里受到很

17、好的照顾。（用被动） My grandpa is taken good care of in the hospital.特殊词汇不能使用被动语态及物动词才有被动，不及物动词没有不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如rise, fail, last, break out, come true, take place, belong to等。状态特征的系动词无被动语态，如状态特征的系动词无被动语态，如appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, tast

18、e, turn等。表事物自身开始，结束，运动的动词不用被动语态。如：表事物自身开始，结束，运动的动词不用被动语态。如：start, begin, end, stop, open, close, shut, run, move等1. The war broke out. The war was broken out.2. The sun (rise) in the east and falls in the west.3. Your proposal （prove）to be practical.4. No one knows when the study online (end).Which

19、one is right?risesproveswill end主动形式表示被动意义：主动形式表示被动意义： read, write, wash, sell, wear, lock等动词与副词等连用表示主语本身的特等动词与副词等连用表示主语本身的特征时，只能用主动语态表示被动意义征时，只能用主动语态表示被动意义,此时不是表示具体动作。此时不是表示具体动作。e.g. The poem (read) smoothly.在在need, require, want后用动词后用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动形式的主动形式表示被动e.g. 房子需要装修。房子需要装修。The house needs d

20、ecorating = The house needs to be decorated.sb. be to blame for sth.（责备）用主动形式表示被动意义。（责备）用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.我认为这次事故该怪你。我认为这次事故该怪你。 I think that you are to blame for this accident. readsComplete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. 1. It was an amazing achievement for a play

21、er who _ (injure) so recently.2. The swimming pool _ (clean) thoroughly the day before the competition began.3.He felt that his talents _ (waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change.4.Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he _ (treat) by the team doctor.5. Photos of the rid

22、ers _ (take) before they got on their horses.had been injuredhad been cleanedB1was being wastedwas being treatedhad been takenJessica gave an account of her experience as a volunteer at the city half-marathon. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.B2make train blo

23、w place carry cheer By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables， _ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups _ to different tables, and Cathy and I immediately went to help. Then we took our place at the table and

24、quickly started to arrange the bottles and cups so that they looked like an army of soldiers standing on parade. I took a step back and looked at the scene with satisfaction.had been placedwere being carriedmake train blow place carry cheer For the previous couple of weeks, I _ on how to be a volunt

25、eer at the half-marathon. I decided to volunteer for this years half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee visited my school. We were told that the competitors would be raising money for charity, and while I didnt feel that I could run that I had a strong constitution to run that f

26、ar , I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could. After all the preparations _, the exciting half-marathon began. Cathy and I waited patiently until the word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon. As the tired, thirsty runners ran along, they _ by the crowds. Cathy

27、and I quickly poured water into cups for them. had been trainedhad been madewere being cheeredAfter the last runner passed, I found paper cups and plastic bottles everywhere. The litter _ around by the wind as I bent over to picked up a plastic bag. Cathy and I started clearing up. We were tired and

28、 wet with sweat but it felt really good to know that we had been able to help others.was being blownmake train blow place carry cheer1. They were living with their parents for the moment because their own house _(rebuild).2. After school, I went to the reading room to do some reading , only to be to

29、ld that it_( decorate).3. The man_( question) by the policeman at time.4. Was a new road _ ( pave ) in your city at that time?5. The journalist wanted to know what _( do ) about the situation.6. The rescue worker risked his life to save two tourists who_(trap )in the mountains for two days.7. I was

30、sent to the poor village last month to see how the loan program_( carry ) out in the past two years.was being rebuiltwas being decoratedwas being questionedbeing pavedwas being donehad been trappedhad been carried1. The house _ ( damage) by the hurricane before they took measures.2. By the end of la

31、st week, more than $50,000_( collect ) for the affected area.3. The professor was delighted to find that the project_( finish ) by students independently.4. Fortunately, the fire_(put)out before it could reach the primeval forest.5. She returned home and found all the furniture_ (destroy ) by the fl

32、ood.had been damagedhad been collectedhad been finishedhad been puthad been destroyed1. At dinner last night, my mother mentioned that music_(listen) this time. Then my mother asked me what _( do ) this time. I told her that the bike_( repair ) at about six oclock. When I got it_(fix)，I rode home fe

33、eling that my bike_( drag ) by someone else, but I didnt dare to look back. At last I got to the door. As the door _(open), I heard a cough and_(drop) my keys. As my keys_ (collect) ,I felt the shoulder_(tap). However, _ I looked back, there was nobody.was being listenedwas being donewas being repai

34、reddroppedwas being draggedwas being openedwhenwere being collectedfixedwas being tapped1. The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money _ (lose).And Sam Benton, the local butcher, said that his wallet _ ( drop ) while he was taking his savings to the post office. Sam suspected that the wa

35、llet _ (find) by one of the villagers, but the wallet _(not return) before he decided to report it to the police. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet _ (put ) in front of his door, which _ ( wrap ) up in newspaper and it contained half the money that _ (lose)， and a note

36、which said “ A thief, yes, but only 50 percent a thief ” _ (include). Two months later, some more money_ (send) to Sam with another note: “Only 25 per cent a thief now!” The villagers were told that in time all Sams money _ (pay ) back in this way. The last note said: “I am 100 per cent honest now.had been droppedhad been wrappedhad not been returnedhad been foundhad been puthad been losthad been losthad been includedhad been senthad been paid谢谢观赏Thank you