Unit 3 Fit for lifeReading (II) ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、Unit 3Fit for lifeLanguage pointsIt also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.affectaffect vt. 影响影响; 侵袭，使感染侵袭，使感染; 深深打动深深打动;假装假装An unhappy home environment can affect a childs growth.Cancer had affected his lungs. I was deeply

2、 affected by the film.归纳总结归纳总结 be affected by 被被侵袭；被侵袭；被感动感动/影响影响 affect sb./ sth. 影响某人影响某人/某物某物 be affected by heat/ cold 中暑中暑/着凉着凉 affect to do sth.假装干某事假装干某事 affection n. 喜爱；爱慕（与喜爱；爱慕（与for搭配）搭配） affecting adj. 动人的，感人的动人的，感人的 affectionate adj. 深情的深情的 表示表示“影响；效力影响；效力”时，时，affect是动词，是动词，effect是名词，是名词

3、，influence既可作名词，也可作动词。既可作名词，也可作动词。1) How will the tax _（effect)people on low incomes?2) A large number of people in the world _（affect）by COVID-19 recently.3) Most people present at the meeting _（affect）by his speech yesterday.4) With the governments aid, those _ (affect) by the earthquake have move

4、d to the new settlements.5) She affected _ (read) when we came in.Practiceaffecthave been affectedwere affectedaffectedto be reading It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.contractcontract vt. &vt. 感染疾病；与感染疾病；与订立合同订立合同/契

5、约；收缩，缩小契约；收缩，缩小 n. 合同，契约合同，契约Unfortunately, he contracted cancer at a very young age. My company contracted with a language service that offers translation over the phone.They have just contracted our company to build shelters for the homeless.You shouldnt sign a contract until you have studied its

6、provisions carefully. 归纳总结归纳总结 contract a disease/virus 感染疾病感染疾病/病毒病毒 contract with. 与与签订合约签订合约 contract (sb.) to do sth. （与某人）签订合同干某事（与某人）签订合同干某事 make/sign a contract 签订合同签订合同Practice1) Many people _（contract）SARS and some of them died because of it in Beijing in 2003.2) He _（contract）AIDS from a b

7、lood transfusion.3) What time would you sign_ contract?4) The family contracted _ a driver to take a child to school and pick him up. 5)他们刚刚与一家服装店签订了合同。contractedcontractedaThey have just signed a contract with a clothing store.withGeneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which

8、 diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.identifyidentify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份Scientists are trying to identify the relationship between genes and personality. Police have already identified around 10 murder suspects. C

9、an you identify your umbrella among this lot?In many cases, the clothes people wear identify their social class.归纳总结归纳总结 identify with 认为认为等同于，与等同于，与.一致一致 identity n. 身份身份 c/u；特征；特征 c/u；同一性，相同，一致；同一性，相同，一致 u identity card (=ID card) 身份证，身份卡身份证，身份卡 identification n. 身份证明身份证明 (=ID) u；鉴定，辨认；鉴定，辨认 c/u;

10、确确认，确定认，确定 uPractice1) 不要认为财富就等于幸福。 2) Think back to your childhood and try _(identify) your earliest memory.3) The writer clearly intends his readers to identify_the main character.4)首先我们必须找到问题所在。5) 执政党当时正面临着自身认同的危机。 Dont identify wealth with happiness. to identifywithFirst of all we must identify

11、the problem areas. The ruling party was facing an identity crisis. meansGeneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.means n. (pl. means) 方法，方式；财富，钱财方法，方式；财富，钱财This is a two-yea

12、r course taught by means of lectures and seminars.She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.In this case, by all means focus your tests on that one area.归纳总结归纳总结 by means of 借助于；用；凭借借助于；用；凭借 by no means 决不；并没有；并不；绝不可能决不；并没有；并不；绝不可能 by all means 尽一切可能；务必；无论如何尽一切可能；务必；无论如何mean (meant, meant) v. 意思是；

13、意味着；打算，意欲意思是；意味着；打算，意欲 adj. 吝啬的；刻薄的；平均的；中间的吝啬的；刻薄的；平均的；中间的 meaning n. 意思；含义；意义；重要性意思；含义；意义；重要性 meaningful adj. 意味深长的意味深长的Practice1) All possible means _ (try) so far, but not a means _ (work) yet.2) I dont have the means _ (pay) for further education.3) _WeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends

14、 for everyday communication. 4) Working hard is _equal to damaging ones health.5) If you enjoy reading, _do that whenever you want.6)他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。have been triedhas workedto payBy means ofby no meansby all meansHe came first in the writing competition by means of hard work.deleteIt allows genet

15、icists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.delete v. 删去，删除删去，删除Youll see an icon in each row to delete the user in that row.Before running the test, delete the data from the tables.Information must be stored so that it is

16、secure from accidental deletion.归纳总结归纳总结 delete from 借助于；用；凭借借助于；用；凭借 deletion n.删除；缺失；删除部分删除；缺失；删除部分Practice1) You may think when you tap the trashcan icon _(delete) a photo, that photo is no longer on your phone. 2) 他也从计算机系统中删除了文件。3) 我不小心删除了所有的邮件。He also deleted files from the computer system.I de

17、leted all mails accidentally.to deleterestoreSoon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind persons vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.restore v. vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位；归还（失物，赃款等）恢复；修复；使复原，使复位；归还（失物，赃款等）If that is the case, you may need to restore to a p

18、revious check pointed time.His visit is expected to lead to the restoration of diplomatic relations.归纳总结归纳总结 restore to 归还给归还给，恢复到，恢复到 restoration n.恢复；复位；王政复辟；归还恢复；复位；王政复辟；归还PracticeThe government restored confidence in the housing market.1) 政府恢复了人们对住房市场的信心。政府恢复了人们对住房市场的信心。2) 建筑物已被精心修复。建筑物已被精心修复。3)

19、 朋友的善良让她对友谊重拾了信心。朋友的善良让她对友谊重拾了信心。The building has been lovingly restored.Her friends kindness has restored her faith in friendship.paceAs the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however,questions arise about how to use it appropriately.pace n.发生的速度，节奏，步速；快节奏发生的速度，节奏，步速；快节奏 vt.&vi. 来回踱步，步

20、来步去；确定速度，调整节奏来回踱步，步来步去；确定速度，调整节奏He found John pacing around the house, unable to sleep.The earnings of the average American have failed to keep pace with the rate of inflation.归纳总结归纳总结 at a pace 以以.速度速度 keep pace with 并驾齐驱，保持同步并驾齐驱，保持同步Practice1) 那个赛跑者加快了步伐，赢得了比赛。那个赛跑者加快了步伐，赢得了比赛。2) 他紧张地在房间里来回踱步。他紧张

21、地在房间里来回踱步。3) 一个人应该跟上时代的步伐。一个人应该跟上时代的步伐。The runner quickened his pace and won the race.He paced the room nervously.One should keep pace with the times.ariseAs the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however,questions arise about how to use it appropriately.arise vi. (arose, arisen) 发生，出现；

22、发生，出现；(由由)引起，引起，(因因)引起引起These threats to health security arise from conflicts and natural disasters.Many similar results arise out of very different artistic intentions.Practice1) 意外事故起因于粗心大意。意外事故起因于粗心大意。Accidents arise from carelessness. restrictShould we restrict our use of this technology to the

23、treatmentand prevention of diseases?restrict vt. 限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束For the first two weeks, patients are restrict to the grounds.The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something.I restrict myself to three waist exercises a day.归纳总结归纳总结 restri

24、ct to 限定在限定在 restrict oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 约束约束/管束自己管束自己/某人（做）某事某人（做）某事 restriction n. 约束，约束，束缚约束，约束，束缚 restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的限制性的；约束的 Practice1) 在城里，车速限制在每小时在城里，车速限制在每小时30英里。英里。2) 我约束自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。我约束自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。Speed is restricted to 30mph(miles per hour) in towns. I restrict myself to one c

25、up of coffee a day.prohibitShould we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthybodies?prohibit vt. (尤指以法令尤指以法令)禁止，使不可能禁止，使不可能The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport.Some organisations prohibit the use of mobile devices that dont support encrypted storage

26、.The air force and the navy retain their prohibition of women on air combat missions.Rainy weather and fog prohibited flying.归纳总结归纳总结 prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事 prohibit doing sth 禁止做某事禁止做某事 prohibit the use of 禁止使用禁止使用 prohibition n. 禁止；禁令；禁酒；诉讼中止令禁止；禁令；禁酒；诉讼中止令Practice1) 办公楼内禁止抽烟办

27、公楼内禁止抽烟2) 警方禁止在市中心区停车。警方禁止在市中心区停车。3) 学校禁止学生抽烟。学校禁止学生抽烟。Smoking is prohibited in the office building.The police prohibit parking in the city centre.Our school prohibit students from smoking.wrestlePhilosophers, geneticists and government officials have allstarted to wrestle with such moral issues.wre

28、stle vt. &vi. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤Delegates wrestled with the problems of violence and sanctions.If I had Jims build, Id go out for the wrestling team.You have to be crazy to be a wrestler.归纳总结归纳总结 wrestle with 全力解决；努力处理全力解决；努力处理 wrestling n.摔跤；扭打摔跤；扭打 wrestler n.摔跤选手；博斗者摔跤选手；博斗者Practice1) 我花了两个

29、小时绞尽脑汁地做数学家庭作业。我花了两个小时绞尽脑汁地做数学家庭作业。2) 几位乘客正努力搬运他们的包裹。几位乘客正努力搬运他们的包裹。I spent two hours wresting with my maths homework.Several passengers were wrestling with their luggage.debateThere is still much to be explored and debated on the subject ofgenome editing.debate vt. &vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n

30、.讨论，争论；辩论讨论，争论；辩论The speaker is going to debate on Star War with his opponents.Even though the bill is under debate now, it will be passed soon.I dont wish to debate my opinions with you.归纳总结归纳总结 debate on 关于关于.进行辩论进行辩论 under debate 在争论中在争论中 debate sth. with sb.与某人辩论某事与某人辩论某事Practice1) 在本市建一座新图书馆的建议

31、仍在讨论中。在本市建一座新图书馆的建议仍在讨论中。2) 就这个问题我和老师讨论了一个小时。就这个问题我和老师讨论了一个小时。The suggestion of building a new library in this city is still under debate.I debated on the question with my teacher for an hour.The News report below is about the discovery of genetic markers that are tied to lifespans. Complete the new

32、s report with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.B1pace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubt This week, a team of scientists based in Switzerland announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers that relate to human lifespans. (1) _, the discove

33、ry is an important finding in the field of genetics. For years, scientists have been working to (2) _ specific genetic markers that are connected with a long lifespan. Until recently, only two such markers were known to the scientific community. Genes play a critical role in overall health. Every (3

34、) _ in the human body contains genetic information. Everything from the ageing process to the development of deadly diseases, such as cancer, is tied to an individuals genetic make-up. However, scientists have long been (4) _ the question about which genetic markers indicate a short or long lifespan

35、. without doubtidentifycellwrestling with The discovery by the research team may quicken the (5) _ of the study on genes and human lifespans, and eventually help answer this question. Scientists say that locating these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes (6)

36、 _ lifespans. These genetic markers may eventually function as a (7) _ of targeting the specific genes connected with lifespans. This could significantly enhance peoples chances of living to a ripe old ages. According to some scientists, it could make a (8) _ change to the future of human life.pacea

37、ffectfundamentalmeansThe lecture transcript uses a number of words related to “gene”. Look at the examples, think of more word families with a similar pattern and fill in the table below.B2 politics, economics, physics, sociology, mathematics, music political, economic, physical, social, mathematica

38、l, musical politician, economist, physicist, socialist, mathematician, musicianThe lecture transcript uses different structures with “as”. Find the sentences in the lecture transcript and use different structures with “as” to join the sentences below.B3Learn this“As” can be used in different structu

39、res to express different meanings. Such as time and reason. As a linking word, it can make your information better organized. I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping ou

40、r lives. Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome . Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead. as the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to . without th

41、em, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.1. You might have heard this before. Some genes make you more likely to develop certain diseases.As you might have heard, some genes make you more likely to develop certain diseases.2. We need to have appropriate controls on genome editing. It can be dangerous.We need to have appropriate controls on genome editing, as it can be dangerous.3. New discoveries are being made. Geneticists gain a better understanding of our genes.As new discoveries are being made, geneticists are gaining a better understanding of our genes.